1、AIIM MS48 90 M L01234 00005Lb 2 M I ANSI/AIIM MS48-1990 Recommended Practice for Microfilming Public Records on Silver-Halide Film t Approved As (I a MIM J z I 1. j = Q : v; Association for Information and Image Management 1 1 O0 Wayne Avenue, Suite f 1 O0 Silver Spring, Maryland 2091 O Telephone 30
2、1 1587-8202 % a .AIIN MS48 90 = 1012348 0000517 ANSI/AIIM MS48-1990 Standard for Information and Image Management - Recommended Practice for Microfilming Public Records on Silver-Halide Film Association for Information and Image Management o This practice covers original first-generation microforms
3、including rolls, microfiche, aperture cards, and jacket film. The practice applies to the microfilming of records of federal, state, local, and other public agencies. It is compatible with government regulations for the microfilming of permanently valuable records and may be used by private industry
4、 to comply with public record requirements. AIIM MS48 90 = 1012348 0000518 b Table of Contents Foreword. . i 1 Scope . 1 2 References . . 1 2.1 Referenced American National Standards 1 2.2 Other Referenced Standards 1 2.3 Other Referenced Publications 1 2.4 Related American National Standards . 1 2.
5、5 Other American National Standards . 2 3 Definitions 2 4 Microfilming Permanent Records . 2 4.1 General., 2 4.2 Roll Microfilm . 3 4.3 Other Microforms (Aperture Cards, Microfiche, Jacketed Film). 3 4.4 Microform Headings 3 5 Archival Films . 3 5.1 Silver Films 3 5.2 Nonsilver Films . 3 6 Processin
6、g Film 3 Permanent Records,. . 4 7.1 Use . 4 7.2 Protection . 4 8 Storing Microfilm Copies of Permanent Records . . 4 8.1 Reel and Core., 4 8.2 Storage Container., . 4 8.3 Storage Room 4 8.4 Environmental Conditions . 4 8.5 Control of Air Conditions . 4 8.6 Protection Against Air-entrained Impuritie
7、s , , 4 8.7 Gaseous Impurities. . 4 8.8 Microfilm Inspection 5 9 Deteriorating Film,. 5 a 7 Criteria for Using Microfilm Copies of TABLES Table 1. Background Densities . 3 Table 2. Background Densities for COM 3 Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard for Information and Im
8、age Management-Recommended Practice for Microfilming Public Records on Silver-Halide Film, ANSI/AIIM MS48-1990.) This recommended practice was prepared by the C18 Committee on Public Records of the Association for In- formation and Image Management. This practice sets forth guidelines that public ag
9、encies should follow to obtain microfilm of adequate quality. Archivists and other responsible authorities may find it advantageous to adopt these guidelines through appropriate legislation or regulations. e Suggestions for improvement of this recommended practice will be welcome. They should be add
10、ressed to: Chairman, Standards Board, AIIM, 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910. This recommended practice was developed under the auspices of the Standards Board of the Association for Information and Image Management which had the following members at the time this standar
11、d was released for publication: Marilyn Courtot, Chair Thomas E. Berney Don Klosterboer E. Brien Lewis Alan S. Linden Wesley J. Micket L. Don Prince Dale O. Rupp George Thoma Charles Touchton Herbert J. White II The Public Records Committee, (218, had the follow- ing members at the time it approved
12、this standard: Organization Representative Virginia State Library Bilingual Edition. IS0 6196/2-1982. International Standard for Micro- graphics-Vocabulary Part 02: Image Postitions and Methods of Recording. IS0 6196/3-1983. International Standard for Micro- graphics-Vocabulary Part 03: Film Process
13、ing; Bilingual Edition. IS0 6196/4-1987. International Standard for Micro- graphics-Vocabulary Part 04: Materials and Packaging. IS0 6196/5-1987. International Standard for Micro- graphics- Vocabulary Part 05: Quality of Images- Legibility-Inspection. IS0 6196/6-1989. International Standard for Micr
14、o- graphics-Vocabulary Part 06: Equipment. IS0 6196/7-1989. International Standard for Micro- graphics-Vocabulary Part 07: Computer Micrographics. 2.3 Other Referenced Publications AIIM TR2-1980. Information and Image Management Technical Report-Glossary of Micrographics. 2.4 Related American Nation
15、al Standards ANSI/AIIM MS1-1988. Information and Image Manage- ment-Recommended Practice for Alphanumeric Com- puter-Output Microforms-Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control. AIIM MS48 90 m Loi12348 0000520 4 m 2.5 Other American National Standards ANSI PH1.29-1985. Photography (Fi
16、lm)-Methods for Determining Curl of Photographic Film. ANSI PH1.33-1986. Photography (Film)-16 mm 100 foot, 16 mm 200 foot, 35 mm 100 foot, and 70 mm 100 foot Spools for Recording Instruments, Microfilms, and Still- picture Cameras. ANSI PH1 S1-1983. Photography (Film)-Micrographic Sheet and Roll Fi
17、lm-Dimensions. ANSI PH2.51-1987. Photography (Sensitometry)-Source Document Microfilms-Determination of IS0 (ASA) Speed and Average Gradient. ANSI PH4.8-1985. Determination and Measurement of Residual Thiosulfate and Other Chemicals in Films, Plates, and Papers. ANSI PH4.35-1972 (R1987). Method For
18、Determining the Resistance of Photographic Films to Abrasion During Processing. ANSVAIIM MS6-1981 (R1988). Information and Image Management-Microfilm Package Labeling. ANSI/AIIM MS8-1988. Information and Image Manage- ment-lmage Mark lip) Used in Image Mark Retrieval Systems. ANSI/AIIM MS9-1987. Inf
19、ormation and Image Manage- ment-Method of Measuring Thickness of Buildup Area on Unitized Microfilm Carriers (Aperture, Camera, Copy, and Image Cards). ANSI/AIIM MS10-1987. Information and Image Management-Method for Determining Adhesion of Pro- tection Sheet of Aperture Adhesive of Unitized Microfi
20、lm Carrier (Aperture Card). ANSI/AIIM MS14-1988. Information and Image Management-Specifications for 16 and 35 mm Microfilms in Roll Form. ANSI/AIIM MS32-1987. Information and Image Management-Microrecording of Engineering Source Documents on 35 mm Microfilm. ANSUAIIM MS38-1987. Information and Imag
21、e Management-Microrecording of Engineering Graphics-Computer-Output Microfilm. ANSI/AIIM MS39-1987. Information and Image Management-Recommended Practice for Operational Procedures Quality Control, and Inspection of Graphic Computer-Output Microforms. ANSUAIIM MS42-1989. Information and Image Manage
22、ment-Recommended Practice for the Expunge- ment, Deletion, Correction, or Amendment of Records on Microforms. ANSI/AIIM MSlll-1987. Information and Image Management-Recommended Practice for Microfilming Printed Newspapers on 35 mm Roll Microfilm. ANSI/UL 72-1983. Safety Standard for Tests for Fire R
23、esistance of Record Protection Equipment. 3 Definitions Definitions for terms used in this document may be found in AIIM TR2-1980 and ISO-6196. Terms used in this practice and not defined in these documents appear here. Permanent records. Permanent records are any records determined by the appropria
24、te public records authority to have sufficient value to warrant their permanent retention and continued preservation. 4 Microfilming Permanent Records 4.1 General, The integrity of the original records author- ized for microfilming should be maintained by ensuring that the microfilm copies are adequ
25、ate substitutes for the original records and serve the purposes for which such records were created and/or maintained. All of the foliow- ing measures and any others found necessary shall be observed in any microfilming project which is designed to ensure the preservation and integrity of the record
26、s. 4.1.1. Record Detail. Microimages, including the generation intended for use, shall contain all of the record information, preprinted or added, shown on the originals. 4.1.2. Organization. Microimages of the records shall be arranged, identified, and indexed so that any individual document or com
27、ponent of the records can be located with reasonable ease. 4.1.3. Background Density. Photographic background densities on camera negatives shall meet the requirements shown in Table 1, and for COM in Table 2. 4.1.4. Determining Minimum Required Resolution. The method of determining minimum required
28、 resolution shall conform to the Quality Index Method of Predeter- mining Resolution as given in ANSI/AIIM MS23-1983. It is generally possible to achieve a higher resolution with a planetary camera than with a rotary camera. The 2 AIIM MS48 90 m 1012348 0000521 b m ultimate criteria, both for resolu
29、tion and density, are for the microfilm to be legible for its intended use. A minimum quality index level of 8.0 (for high quality) shall be main- tained; Le. a lower case “e” that is 2 mm high will be reproduced to three generations shall be filmed on a system that will resolve the 5.0 pattern, reg
30、ardless of reduction ratio used or type of camera used. 4.1.5 Targets. The appropriate technical and titling targets as described in ANSIIAIIM MS19-1987 and ANSI/AIIM MS23-1983 shaii be used when preparing, filming, and inspecting microfilm of documents. Table 1. Background Densities 3assificatioi G
31、roup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Description of Documents High quality, high contrast printed books, periodicals, and black typing. Fine line originals, black opaque pencil writing, and documents with small, high- contrast printing Pencil and ink drawings, faded printing, and very small printi
32、ng such as footnotes at the bottom of a page. Low-contrast manuscripts and drawings; graph paper with pale, fine-colored lines; letters typed with a worn ribbon; and poorly printed, faint documents Poor-contrast documents may require a lower background density. (Le. photostats or blueprints etc.) De
33、nsity 1.30-1.50 1.15-1.40 1 .oo-1.20 0.80-1 .o0 0.70-0.85 The base-plus-fog density of unexposed, processed, clear based film must not exceed 0.10. When a tinted-base fii is used, the density will increase by 0.10 or 0.20 which must be added to the 0.10 value. . Table 2. Background Densities for COW
34、 Silver Gelatin (1N) Full Reversal 1.5-1.8 (1.8 preferred) Density values for Groups 1 to 5 and base-plus-fog were obtained from ANSI/AiiM MS23-1983. Groups 1 to 5 indicate the density range at which these documents are not iikely to be hed successfuliy at higher densities. 2Density values are from
35、ANWAIIM MS1-1988. See MSl, Section 9 for a detailed discussion of density values for COM. 4.2 Roll Microfilm 4.2.1 Identification. The images at the beginning of each roll of microfilm shall include information identifying the agency and subordinate organization(al) unit($ whose records are covered;
36、 the title of the records (with identifica- tion of contents if not evident from series title); the micro- film roll number; the security classification, if any; and, to the extent possible the inclusive dates, names, or other data identifying the first and last records on the roll. 4.2.2 Finding Ai
37、ds. Any indexes, registers, or other finding aids shall be microfilmed at the beginning of the records to which they relate. 4.3 Other Microforms (Aperture Cards, Microfiche, Jacketed Film) 4.3.1. Unitized Microfilm Records. Unitized micro- film system records shall be designed and administered so t
38、hat the resulting microfilm file is an accurate representa- tion of the original records. 4.3.2. Finding Aids. Any indexes, registers, or other finding aids shall be microfilmed and located with the microforms to which they apply. Formats for microfiche shall conform to ANWAIIM MS5-1985. 4.4 Microfo
39、rm Headings. The data on heading or title areas on all microforms shail be legible without magnification. The data shall conform to ANSI/AIIM MS19-1987. 5 Archival Films 5.1 Silver Elms. The film stock used to make photographic or microphotographic copies of permanent records shail be safety-base pe
40、rmanent record film as specified in ANSI IT9.1-1989 and ANSI PH1.25-1984 (R1989). 5.2 Nonsilver Films. To provide adequate protection for permanent records, agencies using microform systems that do not produce an original silver gelatin microform that meets the standards for permanent records should
41、 make a silver gelatin duplicate negative or positive that does meet the standard. 6 Processing Film The silver gelatin film used to produce the camera negative copies of permanent records should be so processed that the residual thiosulfate ion concentration shall be greater than zero but shaii not
42、 exceed .O14 g/m2 in a clear area. Agencies conducting their own microfilming program may determine whether their processed film meets this requirement by perfoming the methylene blue test specified in ANSI IT9.1-1989. 3 AIIM MS48 90 m 3032348 0000522 8 m 7 Criteria for Using Microfilm Copies of Per
43、manent Records The following criteria are required in using microfilm copies of permanent records: 7.1 Use. The original camera negative microform copy of records created for permanent retention shall never be used for reference puposes. A working master is made from the camera negative and used to
44、generate reference copies of a second generation duplicate is produced from the camera negative if a working master is not required. (See 5.2 for handling nonsilver films.) 7.2 Protection. Adequate measures shall be taken to keep microfilm clean and free from physical defects during the inspection a
45、nd duplication process. 8 Storing Microfilm Copies of Permanent Records 8.1 Reel and Core. Microfilm stored in roll form shail be wound on cores or on reels of the type specified in AIM MS29-1987 or ANWAIIM MS34-1990. The material used for the cores and reels shall be noncorroding, such as plastic c
46、ompounds. The use of steel reels is permissible provided that the reels are well protected by baked enamel or some other corrosion-resistan finish, Plastics, lacquers, and any other materials that gve off reactive vapors, peroxides, or acids, or exudations during storage shall not be used (see ANSI
47、PH1.43-1985, Appendix D). Rubber bands shall not be used to keep film on reels or cores. Certain acidllignin free paper strips may be acceptable if they meet the require- ments of ANSI PH1.43-1985 and ANSI IT9.2-1988. Any materials used should not develop reactive fumes or vapors. 8.2 Storage Contai
48、ner. The microfilm shall be stored in a closed container made of inert material such as plastic or paper of archival quality. If proper temperature and humidity are maintained as prescribed in 8.4, and if there is good ventilation and clean air in the storage area, the containers need not be sealed.
49、 Open containers such as folding cartons may be used only if it has been established that the container material is acid/lignin free, buffered, and will have no adverse effect on film over extended periods of time. AU containers shall comply with ANSI ID. 2-1988. 8.3 Storage Room. Original microfilm of permanent records shall be stored in a fire-resistant vault, room, or storage facility. This storage area shall not be used as an office or working area. No flammable materials or chemi- cals are to be used or stored in this area. Since paint fumes are a source of oxidizing contaminants
