1、 MIL-HDBK-340A (USAF)01 April 1999_SUPERSEDINGMIL-HDBK-34001 July 1985DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEHANDBOOKTEST REQUIREMENTSFORLAUNCH, UPPER -STAGE, AND SPACE VEHICLESVol Il : Applications GuidelinesThis handbook is for guidance only.Do not cite this document as a requirementAMSC N/A FSC 1810NOT MEASUREMENT
2、SENSITIVEProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIiiFOREWORD1. This Military Handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agenciesof the Department of Defense.2. This Vol. II of MIL-HDBK-340A is intended to document
3、 additional facets ofengineering technical information pertinent to the requirements stated in Vol. I; “TestRequirements for Launch, Upper Stage and Space Vehicles.” As a technicalreference, this handbook provides the basis for achieving a consistent technicalapproach for tailoring test requirements
4、, where appropriate, and may also providethe basis to develop alternative approaches where they are appropriate. Theinformation included herein is for general guidance; it need not be followed if it doesnot accommodate the requirements of the program.3. The handbook has the same organization as a mi
5、litary standard, i.e., the firstthree sections are: Section 1, Scope, Section 2 Referenced Documents, andSection 3, Definitions. Section 4 through 7 provide technical information andguidance material for topics contained in Vol I. The section, subsection, andparagraph numbers of this handbook do not
6、 correspond to the paragraph numbers ofVol I. However, exact references are given in this Vol. II of the handbook to thecorresponding paragraph numbers of Vol I.4. Each major subsection of this handbook addresses a subject area of interest.Each subject area is organized into three major paragraphs.
7、The first paragraph istitled “Standard Criteria,” and it references the paragraph of Vol I where the topicsare discussed. The second major paragraph is titled “Rationale for ., and itcontains background information such as the purpose or reasons for the subject arearequirements in Vol I. The third m
8、ajor paragraphs is titled “Guidance for Use of.,”and it contains information intended to aid the reader in the detailed application ofthe requirements in Vol I for that subject area5. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and anypertinent data which may be of use in improvin
9、g this document should be providedby letter addressed to: Space and Missile Systems Center, SMC/AXMP, 160 SkynetStreet, Suite 2315, Los Angeles AFB, El Segundo, CA 90245-4683 by using theStandardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at theend of this document or by letter.Pr
10、ovided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIiiiTABLE OF CONTENTSPageFOREWORD ii1. SCOPE 11.1 PURPOSE . 11.2 ORGANIZATION OF HANDBOOK . 12. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 22.1 GENERAL . 22.2 GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS22.2.1 Specifications, Stan
11、dards, and Handbooks .32.3 TECHNICAL REFERENCES32.4 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE 43. DEFINITIONS 54. APPLICATION OF TEST REQUIREMENTS AND TAILORING . 64.1 STANDARD CRITERIA . 64.2 RATIONALE FOR TAILORING . 64.3 GUIDANCE FOR TEST PROGRAM DESIGN . 74.3.1 Tradeoffs Between Unit, Su bsystem and Vehicle Testing.
12、. 74.3.2 Development vs. Qualification and Acceptance Testing. 84.3.3 Baseline Qualification and Acceptance Testing . . 84.3.3.1 Unit Test Baseline 94.3.3.1.1 Standard Criteria for Unit Test Baseline. . 94.3.3.1.2 Rationale for Unit Test Baseline. . 94.3.3.1.3 Guidance for Use of Unit Test Baseline.
13、 104.3.3.2 Vehicle Test Baseline. 114.3.3.2.1 Standard Criteria. . 114.3.3.2.2 Rationale for Vehicle Test Baseline. 124.3.3.2.3 Guidance for Use of Vehicle Test Baseline 124.3.4 Alternative Test Strategies. . 134.3.4.1 Spares Strategy. . 144.3.4.2 Flightproof Strategy. . 144.3.4.3 Protoqualification
14、 Strategy. 144.3.4.4 Combination Test Strategies 144.3.5 Test Thoroughness vs. Risk. 144.3.6 Environmental Stress Screening . 16Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIivTABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)4.4 QUALIFICATION BY SI
15、MILARITY . 164.4.1 Standard Criteria for Qualification by Similarity. 164.4.2 Rationale for Qualification by Similarity. 164.4.3 Guidance for Qualification by Similarity . 174.4.3.1 Unit Criteria. . 174.4.3.2 Cri teria for Other Items. . 184.4.3.3 Partial Testing. . 184.5 PROPULSION EQUIPMENT TESTIN
16、G 184.6 TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PROGRAMS . 184.7 IN-PROCESS CONTROLS . 195. TEST PHILOSOPHY AND CRITERIA 325.1 INSPECTIONS 325.1.1 Standard Criteria for Inspections. . 325.1.2 Rationale for Inspections. . 325.1.3 Guidance for In spections. . 325.2 FUNCTIONAL TESTS 325.2.1 Standard Criteria fo
17、r Functional Tests. 325.2.2 Rationale for Functional Testing. . 325.2.3 Guidance for Functional Tests. 335.3 VIBRATION TESTS 345.3.1 Standard Criteria for Vibration Tests. . 345.3.2 Rationale for Vibration Tests. . 355.3.2.1 Technical Basis-Environmental Str ess Screening. 355.3.3 Guidance for Vibra
18、tion. 365.3.3.1 Statistical Basis. 365.3.3.2 Qualification Testing. . 385.3.3.2.1 Accelerated Testing. 385.3.3.2.2 Two-condition Testing. 395.3.3.3 Acceptance Test Limits. . 405.3.3.4 Force or Response Limiting. 405.3.3.5 Isolated Units. 415.3.3.5.1 Isolator Performance Requirements. . 415.3.3.5.2 V
19、ibration Testing of Isolated Units. 415.3.3.6 Sine vs. Random. 425.3.3.6.1 Isolator Performance Requirements. 435.3.3.7 Fixture Evaluation, Test Control and Tolerances. . 435.3.3.8 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle. . 445.3.3.9 Operating vs. Non-Operating. 44Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction
20、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIvTABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)5.4 ACOUST IC TESTS . 445.4.1 Standard Criteria for Acoustic Tests. 445.4.2 Rationale for Acoustics Tests. 445.4.2.1 Technical Basis - Environmental Stress Screening. . 455.4.3 Guidance for Acoust
21、ics. 465.4.3.1 Statistical Basis. . 465.4.3.2 Qualification Testing. . 465.4.3.2.1 Accelerated Testing. 465.4.3.2.2 Two-condition Testing. . 465.4.3.3 Acceptance Test Limits. . 465.4.3.4 Fixtures, Test Control and Tolerances. 475.4.3.5 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle. . 475.4.3.6 Operating vs. Non-Op
22、erating. 485.5 SHOCK TESTS . 495.5.1 Standard Criteria for Shock Tests. 495.5.2 Rationale for Shock Tests. 495.5.3 Guidance for Shock. . 495.5.3.1 Statistical Basis. . 505.5.3.2 Qualification Margin. 505.5.3.3 Test Methods. . 515.5.3.4 Fixtures, Test Control and Tolerances. 525.5.3.5 Requirement Sat
23、isfaction by Random Vibration. 535.5.3.6 Damage Potenti al. 545.5.3.7 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle. . 565.5.3.8 Operating vs. Non-Operating. 575.6 THERMAL CYCLING TESTS 575.6.1 Standard Criteria for Thermal Tests. . 575.6.2 Rationale for Thermal Cycling Tests . 575.6.3 Guidance for Thermal Cycling
24、 Tests . 5 85.6.3.1 Combination with Thermal Vacuum 605.6.3.2 Qualification Testing. . 605.6.3.3 Acceptance Test Limits 615.6.3.4 Fixtures, Test Control, and Tolerances 615.6.3.5 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle. . 625.6.3.6 Operating vs. Non-Operating . 625.7 THE RMAL VACUUM/THERMAL BALANCE TESTS . 6
25、35.7.1 Standard Criteria for Thermal Vacuum/Thermal Balance Tests. 635.7.2 Rationale for Thermal Vacuum/Balance Tests. . 635.7.3 Guidance for Thermal Vacuum/Balance. 635.7.3.1 Basis for Thermal Vacuum Criteria. . 65Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
26、from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIviTABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)5.7.3.2 Qualification Testing. . 655.7.3.3 Acceptance Test Limits. . 655.7.3.4 Vacuum Conditions. . 665.7.3.5 Thermal Uncertainty Margin. . 665.7.3.6 Passive and Active Thermal Control Subsystems. 685.7.3.6.1 Constant-cond uctance or Di
27、ode Heat Pipes. 685.7.3.6.2 Variable-conductance Heat Pipes. 685.7.3.6.3 Heaters. . 695.7.3.7 Fixtures, Test Control and Tolerances. . 695.7.3.8 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle. . 705.7.3.9 Operating vs. Non-Operating. 715.8 LEAKAGE . 715.8.1 Standard Criteria for Leakage Tests. . 715.8.2 Rationale f
28、or Leakage Tests. . 715.8.3 Guidance for Leakage Tests. . 725.8.3.1 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle. . 725.9 EMC TESTS 735.9.1 Standard Criteria for EMC Tests. . 735.9.2 Rationale for EMC Tests. . 7 35.9.3 Guidance for EMC Tests. . 735.9.3.1 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle. . 745.10 CLIMATIC TESTS . 7
29、45.10.1 Standard Criteria for Climatic Tests. 745.10.2 Rationale for Climatic Tests. 745.10.3 Guidance for Climatic Tests. 755.11 STORAGE TESTS 755.11.1 Standard Criteria for Storage Tests. . 755.11.2 Rationale for Storage Tests. . 755.11.3 Guidance for Storage Tests. 765.12 MODE SURVEY TEST . 765.1
30、2.1 Standard Criteria for Mode Survey Test. 765.12.2 Rationale for Mode Survey Test. 765.12.3 Guida nce for Mode Survey Test. 775.12.3.1 Application. 775.12.3.2 Test Configuration . 785.12.3.3 Test Stand. 795.12.3.4 Test Success Criteria. . 795.12.3.4.1 Completeness. . 795.12.3.4.2 Test Mode Quality
31、. 795.12.3.5 Test Method. 81Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIviiTABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)5.12.3.5.1 Multi-shaker Sine Dwell. . 825.12.3.5.2 Curve Fit Mode Extraction Process 825.12.3.5.3 Hybrid. 835.12.3.6 Test
32、Instrumentation. 835.12.3.7 Test Levels and Linearity Checks. . 845.12.3.8 Simulator Characteristics. 845.12.3.9 Li quid Fill Levels. . 855.12.3.10 Model-to-Test Correlation. . 855.12.3.11 Test Evaluation Team. . 865.13 STATIC LOADS TESTS 865.13.1 Standard Criteria for Static Loads Tests. 865.13.2 R
33、ationale for Static Load Tests. 865.13.3 Guidance for Static Load Tes ts. 865.13.3.1 Establishing Loads. 865.13.3.2 Unit vs. Subsystem vs. Vehicle Tests. 885.13.3.3 Development Tests for Composite Structures. . 895.14 PRESSURE . 895.14.1 Standard Criteria for Pressure Tests. . 895.14.2 Rationale for
34、 Pressure Tests. . 895.14.3 Guidance for Pressure Tests. . 925.14.3.1 Pressure Vessel Verification Approach Selection. . 925.14.3.2 Fracture Control. 945.14.3.3 Development Tests for COPVs. . 965.14.3.4 Impact Damage Control. . 965.15 ACCELERATION TESTS 975.15.1 Standard Crite ria for Acceleration T
35、ests. 975.15.2 Rationale for Acceleration Tests. 975.15.3 Guidance for Acceleration Tests. 975.16 LIFE AND WEAR-IN TESTS . 975.16.1 Standard Criteria for Life and Wear-in Tests. . 975.16.2 Rationale for Life and Wear-in Tests. . 9 75.16.3 Guidance for Life and Wear-in Tests. . 985.17 SPECIAL TESTS .
36、 986. PRELAUNCH VALIDATION AND OPERATIONAL TESTS 996.1 STANDARD CRITERIA FOR PRELAUNCH VALIDATION ANDOPERATIONAL TESTS. . 1006.2 RATIONALE FOR PRELAUNCH VALIDATION ANDTESTS. 10 0Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIvii
37、iTABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)6.3 GUIDANCE FOR PRELAUNCH VALIDATION ANDOPERATIONAL TESTS1016.3.1 Validation Status. . 1016.3.2 Tailoring of Requirements. . 1017. SPECIAL TOPICS . 1037.1 RETEST 1027.1.1 Standard Criteria for Retest. . 1037.1.2 General Rationale for Retest. . 1037.1.3 General Guidance
38、for Retest 1037.1.3.1 Requalification After Redesign. . 1037.1.3.2 Requalification After Process Change. 1037.1.3.3 Retest After Test Discrepancy. 1047.1.3.4 Retest After Change in Flight Environments. . 1057.1.3.5. Reacceptance Test After Rework. . 1067.2 TEST SEQUENCE 1077.2.1 Standard Criteria fo
39、r Test Sequence. . 1077.2.2 Rationale for Test Sequence. . 1077.2.3 Guidance for Test Sequence. . 1077.3 TEST DATA ANALYSIS . 1 087.3.1 Standard Criteria for Test Data Analysis. . 1087.3.2 Rationale for Test Data Analysis. . 1087.3.3 Guidance for Use of Test Data Analysis. . 109CONCLUDING MATERIAL 1
40、10TABLESTable I Requirments Applicability Matrix, General Fo rm . 20Table II Requirements Applicability Matrix, Detailed Form . 21Table III Sample of Table I, Requirements Applicability Matrix,General Form 26Table IV Sample of Table, Requirements Applicability Matrix,Detailed Form 27Table V Static L
41、oad Tes t Requirements . 87Table VI Structural Test Requirements for Alternative Strategies . 88Table VII Pressure Test Requirements . 90Table VIII Minimum Initial Flow Sizes for Safe-Life Testing Based on NDI . 95Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
42、rom IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL IIixTABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)FIGURESFigure 1. Hardware Failure Costs vs. Assembly Level 8Figure 2. Test Thoroughness Index of Various USAF and CommercialSatellites 15Figure 3. Orbital Failures vs. Test Thoroughness Index of Various USAF andCommercial Programs . 16Fi
43、gure 4. Pressure Vessel D esign Verification Approaches 93Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL II1SECTION 1.1. SCOPET his
44、Volume II of the handbook provides additional information pertaining tothe test requirements of the handbook, “test requirements for launch, upper stageand space vehicles”.1.1 PURPOSEThis Vol II of the Handbook was written to provide explanations and guidanceto the users of VOL I of the Handbook. Th
45、e information presented herein is intendedto aid in the formulation and review of detailed test requirements for launch, upperstage and space vehicles including the tailoring of VOL I of the Handbookrequirements for specific program specifications or contracts.1.2 ORGANIZATION OF HANDBOOKThe organiz
46、ation of this handbook differs from that in VOL I of the Handbookwhere test requirements for specific levels of hardware assembly are individuallydiscussed for each test category such as acoustics, vibration, thermal vacuum andthermal cycling. The organization of Vol II is structured to allow for a
47、discussion ofeach test category covering the same type of test at all levels of hardware assembly.For example, the discussion of thermal vacuum testing contains an integrateddiscussion of thermal vacuum testing and the considerations when these tests areperformed at the unit, subsystem and system le
48、vels of assembly. The same is truefor all other test disciplines addressed in VOL I of the Handbook such as vibration,acoustics, shock, static loads, EMC, pressure, and acceleration.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, VOL II22.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1 General. The documents below are not necessarily all of the referencedherein, but
