1、NOT MEASUREMENTSENSITIVEMIL-HDBK-83578(USAF)01 January 1999SUPERSEDINGDoD-E-8357831 May 1996DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEHANDBOOKCRITERIA FOREXPLOSIVE SYSTEMS AND DEVICESUSED ON SPACE VEHICLESThis handbook is for guidance only.Do not cite this document as a requirement.AMSC N/A FSC 1820Provided by IHSNot fo
2、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-83578ii(This page intentionally blank)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-83578iiiFORWARDThis handbook should be used as a guide for certifying
3、 applications of explosive systems and deviceson space vehicle systems. This information may also be used for guidance during preparation ofacquisition contracts and program specific documents. This handbook or any portion thereof, cannotbe cited as a contractual requirement. If it is, the contracto
4、r does not have to comply. The handbookhas been approved by the SMC/SDFP, Department of the Air Force and is available for use by allDepartments and Agencies of the Department of Defense.This handbook combines elements of Air Force specifications DOD-E-83578 and MIL-STD-1576 intocommon criteria for
5、design, manufacture and performance verification of components and systemsthat contain or are operated by explosive materials. The criteria offered in this handbook have provento be effective in Air Force space vehicle applications and are based on lessons learned. Criteria arestandards, rules or te
6、sts by which an item an be judged. They are measures of value.Primary objectives of this document are to provide methods for demonstrating assured functional andsafe application of these items. It is intended to be as comprehensive as practical and to beperiodically updated to incorporate technology
7、 advances and innovations.Users of this handbook are encouraged to submit suggestions and pertinent data for its improvementto: (Please use the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal form (DD Form 1426)appearing at the end of the handbook for your submittal.)USAF Space Systems Division, SSD/A
8、XM160 Skynet St., Suite 2315El Segundo, CA 90245“Those who can not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”George Santayana, (1863-1952). Poet, novelist, Harvard professor of philosophy (1907-12).Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
9、MIL-HDBK-83578iv(This page intentionally blank)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-83578vTABLE OF CONTENTS1 . SCOPE 11.1 Purpose 11.2 Application 12. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 12.1 General 12.1.1 Industry Standards 12.1.2 Federal Regu
10、lations 22.1.3 Military Handbooks 23. DEFINITIONS 24. PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 94.1 Explosive Systems 94.1.1 Ignition Systems 94.1.1.1 Low Energy Electrical Ignition 94.1.1.2 High Energy Electrical Ignition 104.1.1.3 Optical Ignition Systems 104.1.1.4 Mechanical Ignition Systems 114.1.2 Explosive Trains
11、 (ET) 114.1.2.1 First Elements 114.1.2.1.1 Low Voltage EED 114.1.2.1.2 High Voltage Initiators 134.1.2.1.3 Laser Initiated Device (LID) 144.1.2.1.4 Percussion Initiators 144.1.2.2 First Element Outputs 144.1.2.3 Other Explosive Elements 144.1.2.4 Safe-Arm Devices 144.1.2.4.1 SAD Certification Requir
12、ements 154.1.2.4.2 SAD Barrier Design 154.1.2.4.3 SAD Barrier Performance 154.1.2.4.4 SAD Safing Pin 154.1.2.4.5 SAD Cycle Life 164.1.2.4.6 SAD Electrical Design 164.1.2.4.7 SAD Stall Survivability 164.1.2.4.8 SAD Switching Networks 164.1.2.4.9 SAD Power Circuit Safety 164.1.2.4.10 SAD Simulator Res
13、istors 174.1.2.5 Linear Explosive Transmission 174.1.2.6 Inert ETA Elements 194.1.2.7 Time Delays 194.2 Explosively Actuated Devices 194.2.1 Mechanical Devices 194.2.2 Though Bulkhead Initiator (TBI) 204.2.3 Severing and Penetrating Devices 204.2.4 Fragmenting Devices 21Provided by IHSNot for Resale
14、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-83578vi4.3 Redundancy 214.4 Performance Margins 224.4.1 Ignition System Margins 224.4.2 First Element Margins 224.4.3 Explosive Energy Transfer Margins 224.4.3.1 End-To-End Transfer Margins 224.4.3.2 Transfer Through Barri
15、er Margin 234.4.4 Transfer Through Bulkhead Margins 234.4.5 Explosively Actuated Device Margins 234.4.6 Severing and Penetrating Device Margins 244.4.7 Fragmenting Device Margins 244.5 Manufacturing and Quality Controls 244.5.1 Production Lot Controls 244.5.1.1 Explosive Materials 254.5.1.1.1 Temper
16、ature Limits 254.5.1.1.2 Sealing Requirements 254.5.1.2 Inert Materials 254.6 Identification and Marking 254.6.1 Explosive Component Data 254.6.1.1 Explosive Component Classification 254.6.2 AGE SENSITIVE MATERIAL DATA 264.7 Environment Survivability 264.8 Safety 264.8.1 Electrical Energy Field Surv
17、ivability 264.8.1.1 Explosive System ESD Survivability 264.8.1.2 First Element ESD Survivability 264.8.1.3 Explosive System EMC Evaluations 264.8.1.4 RF Environment Survivability 264.9 Service Life 274.9.1 Storage, Transportation and Handling 274.9.2 Age Surveillance of Explosive Components 274.9.2.
18、1 Near Real Time Age Surveillance 274.9.2.2 Accelerated Age Surveillance 284.9.2.3 Surveillance of Other Explosive Components 284.10 Certification 284.10.1 Explosive System Certification 284.10.2 Ignition System Certification 284.10.3 Explosive Train Certification 294.10.4 Explosive Actuated Device
19、Certification 294.10.5 Certification Methods 30Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-83578viiTable I - Explosive System Certification 30Table II - Ignition System Certification 30Table III - Explosive Train Certification 30Table IV
20、 - Explosive Actuated Device Certification 31Method 1A - First Element Performance Margin Evaluation 31Method 1B - Energy Transfer Performance Margin Evaluation 31Method 1C - Explosive Energy Transfer Through Bulkhead Performance Margin Evaluation 31Method 1D - Explosive Actuated Device Performance
21、Margin Evaluation 31Method 1E - Severing and Penetrating Device Performance Margin Evaluation 32Method 1F - Fragmenting Device Performance Margin Evaluation 32Method 2A - Qualification Tests for First Elements 33Method 2B - Qualification Tests for Safe and Arm Devices 33Method 2C - Qualification Tes
22、ts for Explosive Energy Transfer, LSC, EFP, TBI and FragmentingComponents and Assemblies 34Method 2D - Qualification Tests for Explosive Actuated Devices 34Method 3A - Non Destructive Acceptance Tests for First Elements 34Method 3B - Non Destructive Acceptance Tests for Safe and Arm Devices 35Method
23、 3C - Non Destructive Acceptance Tests for Explosive Energy Transfer Elements andExplosive Actuated Devices 35Method 4A - Destructive Acceptance Tests for First Elements 35Method 4B - Destructive Acceptance Tests for Safe and Arm Devices 36Method 4C - Destructive Acceptance Tests for Explosive Energ
24、y Transfer, LSC, EFP, TBI andFragmenting Components and Assemblies 36Method 4D - Destructive Acceptance Tests for Explosive Actuated Devices 37Method 5A - Age Surveillance Tests for Components Containing 30 Grams of ExplosiveMaterial 37Test Description Series 100 - Non-Destructive Inspections and Te
25、sts 38Test Description Series 200 - Electrical and Optical Non-Destructive Inspections and Tests 40Test Description Series 300 - Non-Destructive Acceptance Environmental Test Exposures andInspections for Safe Arm Devices 45Test Description Series 400 - Destructive Qualification and Acceptance Inspec
26、tions and Tests 46Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-83578viiiAPPENDIX A - FIRST ELEMENT OUTPUT MEASUREMENT AND ET INTERFACECOMPATIBILITY VALIDATION METHODS 51APPENDIX B -ALL-FIRE/NO-FIRE TEST those with a gap in the electrical
27、inputconductive path and those without. Designs having a gap can use bridgewire configurations similar to EEDdesigns. Those without gaps use low resistivity bridgewire materials. Typical input all-fire levels are greaterthan 1000 volts. EBW devices do not use primary explosive materials. Common expl
28、osive materials used inEBW devices include PETN, RDX and HMX pressed directly over the bridgewire.Exploding Foil Initiator (EFI) . An EED that requires high voltage inputs for actuation. These do not useprimary explosive materials. Ignition occurs by application of high voltage to an internal membra
29、ne elementthat is then energized and rapidly propelled into a secondary explosive causing DDT.Explosion . A sudden release of chemical energy by exothermic decomposition. The event is an inherentlynon-linear process that is not fully understood. It is initiated when a chemical compound is subjected
30、to astimulus such as heat, impact, friction, shock, or other phenomenon, causing rapid changes in its state.Deflagration and detonation events are explosions.Explosive . A generic term for materials that explode and includes deflagrating materials and detonatingmaterials.Explosive Actuated Device .
31、A component or assembly that performs work in an end item application afterbeing actuated by explosive energy delivered from an interfacing explosive system. Explosive actuateddevices may or may not contain explosive materials. Pin pullers, bolt cutters, separation nuts, frangible bolts,explosively
32、formed projectiles are examples of explosive actuated devices.Explosive Bolt . An explosive bolt is a structural member that will be fractured at a predetermined point bycontrolled ignition of a contained or inserted explosive charge.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt
33、ed without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-835785Explosive Ordnance . A term used in DOD-E-83578 and Mil-Std-1576 defined as any component or assemblycontaining, or operated by an explosive material.Explosive Trains . An assemblage of explosive elements that react and interact in a series of eventsdel
34、ivering explosive energy input to explosive actuated devices in the end item application.Explosive Transfer Assembly (ETA) . An explosive transfer assembly is an explosive train consisting of anassembly of linear charges used to transfer a detonation from an initiator to an end function. The purpose
35、 ofthe ETA is to allow the initiator to be located away from the end function for accessibility. An example is a solidmotor igniter, located inside a spacecraft, connected to the initiator, located on the exterior of the spacecraft, byan ETA.Explosive Transfer System (ETS) . An assemblage of ETA com
36、ponents, inert connecting elements and othercomponents, i.e., time delays, that transfers explosive energy to another ET element or to an explosiveactuated device.Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) . An explosive device that when activated causes detonation products toact on an integral concave met
37、allic liner that is projected at high velocity toward a predetermined target. Theconcave liner is reshaped during this process into a slug of metal simulating a finned projectile that can be usedto penetrate space vehicle structures.Flexible Confined Detonating Cord (FCDC) . CDC whose over wrap mate
38、rial allows for flexure of the core forease in handling and installation. Radial expulsion of detonation products may not be totally contained in thistype of design.Flexible Linear Shaped Charge (FLSC) . A linear column of explosive material in a soft metal sheath, overwrapped with material that all
39、ows flexibility that when placed on a substrate and ignited causes severance orpenetration. MDF can be configured to be a FLSC.Flight Termination System (FTS) . An explosive system that when actuated causes losses of integrity ofspace vehicle structural elements or propulsion systems. An FTS is used
40、 in applications requiring compliancewith Eastern and Western Range Safety Regulations 127-1.Hot Bridge Wire Device (HBW) . Another name for a electro explosive device.High Explosive (HE) . Secondary explosives are also known as high explosives.HMX . A secondary explosive chemically known as cyclo t
41、etra methylene tetra nitramine, and is also known aseither Her or His Majesties Explosive. HMX is by-product from the manufacture of RDX and can exhibit DDTcharacteristics.HNS . A secondary explosive which is chemically known as hexa nitro stilbene.High Voltage Initiator (HVI) . Another name for a E
42、BW device.Ignition System . The initial element of an explosive system that provides power, command and control ofelectrical, optical or mechanical input stimuli to the first element of an explosive train.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,
43、-,-MIL-HDBK-835786Inadvertent Separation Destruct System (ISDS) . An explosive system that ignites explosive charges whenan un-planned separation of a specific portion of a space vehicle occurs. An ISDS may be required forcompliance with Eastern and Western Range Safety Regulation 127-1.Initiator .
44、An initiator is the first element in an explosive train. Upon receipt of the proper mechanical orelectrical impulse it produces a deflagration or detonation action. The deflagration or detonation action istransmitted to other elements in the train. An initiator may be a shock actuated percussion pri
45、mer, electricallyactuated EED or optically initiated LID.Laser Initiated Device (LID) . A first element containing secondary explosives that are ignited by energyproduced from collimating coherent light excited in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thisenergy density is optically t
46、ransmitted by way of silicone fibers from crystalline rod or semiconductor diodelasers onto secondary explosives altered to enhance thermal absorption properties. The incident energydensity is absorbed into the explosive allowing it to undergo DDT. The output energy of a LID can beconfigured to be e
47、quivalent to an EED.Laser Initiated Ordnance System (LIOS) . An explosive system whose ignition system and explosive train areconfigured to use lased light energy sources to actuate a LID.Lead . A lead is an explosive charge contained in a can or in pellet form used within a device to transfer adetonation from one point to another downstream of the first element.Linear Explosive Assembly (LEA) . Another name for a ETA.Linear Shaped Charge (LSC) . A linear explosive charge in a metal sheath whose cross section is formed intoa chevron shape. The chevron shape results in
