1、24Steel Design GuideHollow Structural Section Connections24Steel Design GuideAMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONHollow Structural Section ConnectionsJEFFREY PACKER, Ph.D., D.Sc., P.Eng. University of TorontoToronto, OntarioDONALD SHERMAN, Ph.D., P.E. University of WisconsinMilwaukeeMilwaukee, W
2、isconsinMAURA LECCE, Ph.D. University of TorontoToronto, OntarioAISC 2010byAmerican Institute of Steel ConstructionAll rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. The AISC logo is a registered trademark of AISC.Th
3、e information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional
4、examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction or of a
5、ny other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use.Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specificatio
6、ns and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference a
7、t the time of the initial publication of this edition.Printed in the United States of AmericaAuthorsJeffrey Packer, Ph.D., D.Sc., P.Eng., is a Bahen/Tanenbaum Professor in Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto. He has a bachelors degree from the University of Adelaide, Australia (1972), a m
8、asters degree from the University of Manchester, U.K. (1975), and doctorates from the University of Nottingham, U.K. (1978, 2006). His research and publications have concentrated on the behavior and design of hollow structural section (HSS) connections.Donald Sherman, Ph.D., P.E., is professor emeri
9、tus at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee. He has bachelors and masters degrees from Case Institute of Technology (1957, 1960) and a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois (1964). His research and publications include HSS member behavior and simple connections to HSS columns.Maura Lecce, Ph.D. is a
10、 postdoctoral fellow at the University of Toronto. She has bachelors and masters degrees from the University of Toronto (2000, 2001) and a Ph.D. from the University of Sydney, Australia (2006). Her research and publications include HSS connections and stainless steel light gage members.PrefaceThis D
11、esign Guide is a supplement to the 13th edition of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Steel Construction Manual and its companion CD. The Manual contains sections on bolting to hollow structural sections (HSS), welding considerations for HSS, simple shear connections to HSS columns,
12、 fully restrained moment connections to HSS columns, and design considerations for HSS-to-HSS truss connections. The companion CD has seven examples of simple shear connections to HSS columns. Therefore, this Guide does not have a chapter on simple shear connections. The CD also has examples of a tr
13、ansverse plate on a rectangular HSS, a longitudinal plate on a round HSS, and HSS braces with end gusset plates, as well as examples of the design of cap plates, base plates and end plates on HSS members. The examples in this Guide conform to the 2005 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Building
14、s. Both load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and allowable strength design (ASD) solutions are presented. References are given to applicable sections of the Specification and to design tables in the Manual. This Guide contains a few additional tables that are applicable to HSS connections. It is
15、 recommended that readers of this Guide first become familiar with the Specification provisions for HSS connections and the accompanying Specification Commentary.Some of the material in this Guide is based on the AISC Hollow Structural Sections Connections Manual published in 1997. However, because
16、the AISC Specification has evolved from that in effect in 1997, the 13th edition Manual and this Guide supersede the previous HSS Manual. Chapter K of the Specification presents the criteria for forces (axial force, in-plane moment and out-of-plane moment) in branch members framing into a main membe
17、r. In this Guide, these same equations appear in a tabular format with drawings showing the connection configuration. This format is easier to follow than the descriptive text in the Specification. The design examples of direct HSS-to-HSS connections refer to both the appropriate tables in this Guid
18、e and the Specification equations.iiiiiiCHAPTER 6 BRANCH LOADS ON HSS AN INTRODUCTION . 736.1 PRINCIPAL LIMIT STATES . 736.1.1 Chord or Column Wall Plastification 736.1.2 Chord Shear Yielding (Punching Shear) . 736.1.3 Local Yielding Due to Uneven Load Distribution . 746.1.4 Chord or Column Sidewall
19、 Failure . 756.2 DESIGN TIPS 76CHAPTER 7 LINE LOADS AND CONCENTRATED FORCES ON HSS 777.1 SCOPE AND BASIS 777.2 LIMIT STATES . 777.3 CONNECTION NOMINAL STRENGTH TABLES 797.4 LONGITUDINAL-PLATE AND CAP-PLATE CONNECTIONS 837.5 CONNECTION DESIGN EXAMPLES . 84CHAPTER 8 HSS-TO-HSS TRUSS CONNECTIONS 918.1
20、SCOPE AND BASIS 918.2 NOTATION AND LIMIT STATES 918.3 CONNECTION CLASSIFICATION 928.4 TRUSS MODELING AND MEMBER DESIGN 938.5 CONNECTION NOMINAL STRENGTH TABLES 968.6 CONNECTION DESIGN EXAMPLES . 100CHAPTER 9 HSS-TO-HSS MOMENT CONNECTIONS 1239.1 SCOPE AND BASIS 1239.2 NOTATION AND LIMIT STATES 1239.3
21、 CONNECTION NOMINAL CAPACITY TABLES 1259.4 CONNECTION DESIGN EXAMPLES . 128SYMBOLS 141REFERENCES 144Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 HSS AND BOX-SHAPED MEMBERS . 11.2 HSS CONNECTION DESIGN STANDARDS AND SCOPE 31.3 ADVANTAGES OF HSS 31.4 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 41.4.1 Notch Toughness . 41.4.
22、2 Galvanizing Issues 41.4.3 Internal Corrosion . 4CHAPTER 2 WELDING 52.1 TYPES OF HSS WELDS . 52.1.1 Fillet Welds . 52.1.2 PJP and CJP Groove Welds . 62.1.3 Flare-Bevel and Flare-V Groove Welds 62.2 WELD INSPECTION . 72.3 EFFECTIVE SIZE OF FILLET WELDS . 82.4 EFFECTIVE WELD LENGTH 82.5 WELDED JOINT
23、DESIGN EXAMPLES 10CHAPTER 3 MECHANICAL FASTENERS 153.1 FASTENERS IN SHEAR . 153.2 FASTENERS IN TENSION . 153.3 BOLTED JOINT DESIGN EXAMPLES . 16CHAPTER 4 MOMENT CONNECTIONS 294.1 W-BEAMS TO HSS COLUMNS . 294.2 CONTINUOUS BEAM OVER HSS COLUMN 294.3 THROUGH-PLATE CONNECTIONS . 304.4 DIRECTLY WELDED CO
24、NNECTIONS 304.5 CONNECTION DESIGN EXAMPLES . 31CHAPTER 5 TENSION AND COMPRESSION CONNECTIONS 495.1 TYPES OF END CONNECTIONS 495.2 END TEE CONNECTIONS . 505.3 SLOTTED HSS/GUSSET CONNECTION . 515.4 END PLATE ON ROUND HSS . 515.5 END PLATE ON RECTANGULAR HSS WITH BOLTS ON TWO SIDES 525.6 END PLATE ON R
25、ECTANGULAR HSS WITH BOLTS ON FOUR SIDES 535.7 CONNECTION DESIGN EXAMPLES . 55ivAISC DESIGN GUIDE 24 / HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS / 1Chapter 1 IntroductionIn recent years, the popularity of hollow structural sections (HSS) has increased dramatically. The pleasing aesthetic appearance gener
26、ated by architecturally exposed hollow sections is much favored by architects, and HSS also can provide reduced weight and surface area when compared to equivalent open sections. Some stunning examples of ex-posed HSS in building interiors are shown in Figure 1-1.Connections usually have been the ch
27、allenging aspect for the designer of structures that involve HSS. This AISC Design Guide demonstrates design methods for a wide range of connection types. Note that, in many cases, the local strength of the HSS at the connection is an integral partand perhaps a limitationof the design. Moreover, not
28、e that reinforcing the connections of HSS assemblies often is not an available option, for either architectural or fabrication reasons.1.1 HSS AND BOX-SHAPED MEMBERSHSS manufactured according to American Society for Test-ing and Materials (ASTM) standard A500 (ASTM, 2007a) are cold-formed in tube mi
29、lls, and have an electric resistance welded (ERW) continuous seam weld. This “weld” is pro-duced without the addition of any additional consumable. The weld bead on the outside is always removed, but the weld bead that results on the inside of the HSS is generally left in place. However, this inside
30、 weld bead can be removed at the point of manufacture if this requirement is specified to the tube mill; this may be desirable if one HSS is inserted into another, for example with telescoping poles.Round, square and rectangular HSS produced in accor-dance with the ASTM A500 Grade B standard are rea
31、dily available throughout North America. Rectangular HSS are also frequently termed “shaped” sections. ASTM A500 Grade C is increasingly available, and many HSS products are now dual-certified as meeting the requirements in both ASTM A500 Grade B and Grade C. The relative material strengths of these
32、 ASTM A500 HSS are shown in Table 1-1. Note that a particular grade has different yield strengths for round versus rectangular shapes.In some parts of the United States, various pipe products are readily available and used in lieu of round HSS. ASTM A53 (ASTM, 2007c) Grade B pipe, which is included
33、in the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Specifica-tion for Structural Steel Buildings, hereafter referred to as the AISC Specification (AISC, 2005a), has a lower yield strength than its ASTM A500 counterpart (see Table 1-1). All load tables in the 13th edition AISC Steel Construction
34、Manual, hereafter referred to as the AISC Manual (AISC, 2005b), for HSS are based on ASTM A500 Grade B strengths, and the load tables for pipe use ASTM A53 Grade B strengths.Other North American HSS products that have properties and characteristics similar to the approved ASTM products are produced
35、in Canada (CSA, 2004). This standard allows for two types of finished product: Class C (cold-formed) and Class H (cold-formed and stress relieved by heat treatment). Class H HSS have reduced levels of residual stress, which en-hances their performance as compression members and may provide better du
36、ctility in the corners of rectangular HSS. (a) Opryland Hotel, Nashville, Tennessee.Fig. 1-1. Contemporary examples of HSS in construction.(b) Interior of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, Ohio.2 / HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS / AISC DESIGN GUIDE 24It should also be noted that very lar
37、ge diameter tubular sec-tions are available to American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications; many different grades are available, and speci-fied outside diameters range from 0.405 in. to 84 in. (API, 2007).The designation used to identify square and rectangular HSS is, for example:HSS8t4t)In th
38、is designation, the whole numbers are the height and width, and the fraction is the nominal thickness. Decimal numbers are used for the outside diameter and nominal thickness in the designation of round HSS, for example:HSS6.000t0.375The designation for pipe is a traditional form for three grades, i
39、ncluding:Standard; Std. Extra Strong; x-strong Double Extra Strong; xx-strongThe diameter designated for pipe is a nominal value be-tween the specified inside and outside diameters, for example:Pipe 8 x-strongThe dimensions and geometric properties of HSS and pipe are included in Part 1 of the AISC
40、Manual in the following tables:Table 1-11: Rectangular HSS Table 1-12: Square HSS Table 1-13: Round HSS Table 1-14: PipeDimensional tolerances of the products are also included in the following tables:Table 1-27: Rectangular and Square HSS Table 1-28: Round HSS and PipeThe ASTM cold-formed material
41、standard tolerances per-mit the wall thickness to be 10% under the nominal wall thickness. Consequently, the mills consistently produce HSS with wall thicknesses less than the nominal wall thickness. Section B3.12 in the AISC Specification accounts for this by designating a design wall thickness of
42、0.93 times the nominal thickness. The design wall thickness is included in the tables of dimensions and properties in the AISC Manual, and all properties (A, D/t, I, Z, S, etc.) are based on the design wall thickness.Round, square and rectangular HSS manufactured accord-ing to the ASTM A500 standard
43、 are available in perimeters up to 64 in. and in thicknesses up to h in. Larger sizes in square and rectangular sections are classified as box-shaped members in the AISC Specification. A standard product line of these box sections up to 128-in. perimeter is produced by placing two flat strips in a b
44、rake press to form two identical halves of a finished tube size. A backing bar is tack welded to each leg of one of the half sections. Then, the two half sec-tions are fitted together toe-to-toe and submerged arc welded together to complete the square or rectangular section. These sections are produ
45、ced with the full nominal thickness so that the design wall thickness of 0.93t does not apply.The standard sizes of HSS and larger box-shaped mem-bers produced appear in HSS availability listings on the AISC website (www.aisc.org) and periodically in AISCs Modern Steel Construction magazine. Tables
46、of dimensions and section properties for larger box-shaped members can be obtained from the manufacturer.Table 1-1. North American Manufacturing Standards for HSSwith Mechanical Properties of Common GradesProduct Specification Grade Fy , ksi (MPa) Fu , ksi (MPa)Cold-formed HSSASTM A500 RoundB 42 (29
47、0) 58 (400)C 46 (315) 62 (425)RectangularB 46 (315) 58 (400)C 50 (345) 62 (425)Pipe ASTM A53 B 35 (240) 60 (415)Hot-formed HSSASTM A501 B 50 (345) 70 (483)Cold-formed and cold-formed stress-relieved HSSCAN/CSA-G40.20/G40.21 350W 51 (350) 65 (450)AISC DESIGN GUIDE 24 / HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNE
48、CTIONS / 3The scope of the AISC Specification, and hence this De-sign Guide, for HSS connections is limited to:r 4UBUJDEFTJHOr 4JOHMFQMBOBSEFTJHOr 4ZNNFUSZQFSQFOEJDVMBSUPUIFQMBOF OPPGGTFUFMFNFOUTr 6OMMFEBOEVOSFJOGPSDFE)44Guidelines for conditions outside the scope of the AISC Specification appear in other codes and design guides:r BUJHVF “84 ;IBPFUBM r 4FJTNJDEFTJHO ,VSPCBOFFUBM r .VMUJQMBOBS DPOOFDUJPOT “84 1BDLFS BOE Henderson, 1997)r 0GGTFUDPOOFDUJPOT “84 r $POOFDUJPOT UP DPODSFUFM
