1、An American National StandardPublished by the American Nuclear Society 555 N. Kensington AveLa Grange Park, IL 60526ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015Criteria for Assessing Tectonic Surface Fault Rupture and Deformation at Nuclear FacilitiesANSI/ANS-2.30-2015ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015 American National Standard Criteria fo
2、r Assessing Tectonic Surface Fault Rupture and Deformation at Nuclear Facilities Secretariat American Nuclear Society Prepared by the American Nuclear Society Standards Committee Working Group ANS-2.30 Published by the American Nuclear Society 555 North Kensington Avenue La Grange Park, Illinois 605
3、26 USA Approved May 26, 2015 by the American National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Standard ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015 American National Standard Designation of this document as an American National Standard attests that the principles of openness and due process have been followed in the app
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11、Society Headquarters. Published by American Nuclear Society 555 North Kensington Avenue La Grange Park, Illinois 60526 USA This document is copyright protected. Copyright 2015 by American Nuclear Society. All rights reserved. Any part of this standard may be quoted. Credit lines should read “Extract
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13、andard ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015 Inquiry Requests Inquiry Format The American Nuclear Society (ANS) Standards Committee will provide responses to inquiries about requirements, recommendations, and/or permissive statements (i.e., “shall,” “should,” and/or “may,” respectively) in American National Standards
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18、ue La Grange Park, IL 60526 or standardsans.org American National Standard ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015 American National Standard ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015 i Foreword (This foreword is not a part of the American National Standard “Criteria for Assessing Tectonic Surface Fault Rupture and Deformation at Nuclear Faci
19、lities,” ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015.) This standard provides criteria and guidelines for assessing permanent ground deformation (PGD) hazard due to tectonic surface fault rupture and deformation at nuclear facilities. Specifically, the purpose of this standard is to provide an outline of procedures and meth
20、ods for performing probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA) and probabilistic tectonic deformation hazard analysis (PTDHA). This standard replaces ANSI/ANS-2.7-1982, “Criteria and Guidelines for Assessing Capability for Surface Faulting at Nuclear Power Plants,” which is obsolete bec
21、ause of changes in the state-of-knowledge, technical methods, public concerns, and regulatory programs. This new standard includes updated information to make it useful for siting/licensing nuclear facilities in the U.S. This standard is one of a series of national standards designed to provide crit
22、eria and guidelines to promote uniform and effective assessment of seismic hazards at nuclear facilities. These hazards must be properly identified and characterized commensurate with the level of risk and design-requirements associated with each nuclear facility as specified in ANSI/ANS-2.26-2004 (
23、R2010), “Categorization of Nuclear Facility Structures, Systems, and Components for Seismic Design.” Two complementary standards describe procedures for performing site characterization and assessing seismic hazards, respectively: ANSI/ANS-2.27-2008, “Criteria for Investigations of Nuclear Facility
24、Sites for Seismic Hazard Assessments,” and ANSI/ANS-2.29-2008, “Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis.” This standard might reference documents and other standards that have been superseded or withdrawn at the time the standard is applied. A statement has been included in the references section that
25、 provides guidance on the use of references. The ANS-2.30 Working Group of the Standards Committee of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) had the following membership: I. Wong (Chair), URS Corporation W. Bryant, California Geological Survey R. Chen, California Geological Survey K. Kelson, URS Corpora
26、tion (now at U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) J. Kimball, Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board (now at Rizzo Associates) J. Litehiser, Bechtel Corporation S. Olig, URS Corporation D. Schwartz, U.S. Geological Survey A. Stieve, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission D. Wells, AMEC Environment thus, criteri
27、a and guidelines have not been defined previously. PGD due to fault rupture is a potential hazard for nuclear facilities founded across or near a fault. In this standard, only coseismic PGD hazard related to movement on crustal faults is addressed. Deformation in the form of creep or afterslip and u
28、plift and subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes is not addressed. Non-tectonic deformation, as described in Section 5.1, is not addressed in this standard. Methods to investigate and characterize surface fault displacement and tectonic deformation hazards have advanced significantly, justify
29、ing a new standard. Specifically, it is possible to quantify the expected PGD from surface or near-surface fault rupture due to advances in geologic, geomorphic, and paleoseismic techniques used to identify and quantify the location, rate, and amount of Quaternary deformation as well as empirical ob
30、servations of PGD resulting from historical earthquakes. Modern engineering practice has developed sufficiently such that the design or retrofit of structures, systems, or components (SSCs) might be able to accommodate or resist certain amounts of earthquake-induced surface rupture or other types of
31、 ground deformation. Therefore, characterization of PGD is a critical step during the siting and design of engineered facilities that are to be located in areas where such deformation may occur. This standard replaces ANSI/ANS-2.7-1982 (withdrawn), “Criteria and Guidelines for Assessing Capability f
32、or Surface Faulting at Nuclear Power Plant Sites,” 11which is obsolete because of changes in technical methods, public concerns, and regulatory programs. This new standard includes updated information to make it useful for siting/licensing nuclear facilities in the U.S. This standard does not specif
33、y methods for estimating the probability of other seismically induced hazards such as soil liquefaction, soil settlement, landsliding, and earthquake-induced flooding. These hazards may be applicable for certain sites and need to be evaluated and included in design requirements. This standard is one
34、 of a series of national standards designed to provide criteria and guidelines to promote uniform and effective assessment of seismic hazards at nuclear facilities. These hazards must be properly identified and characterized commensurate with the level of risk and design 1Numbers in brackets refer t
35、o corresponding numbers in Sec. 11, “References.” American National Standard ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015 2 requirements associated with each nuclear facility, as specified in ANSI/ANS-2.26-2004 (R2010), “Categorization of Nuclear Facility Structures, Systems, and Components for Seismic Design” 2. As defined
36、in ANSI/ANS-2.26-2004 (R2010) 2, a nuclear facility is a facility that stores, processes, tests, or fabricates radioactive materials in such form and quantity that a significant nuclear hazard to the workers, to the off-site public, or to the environment may exist. These include, but are not limited
37、 to, commercial nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel manufacturing facilities, nuclear material waste processing, storage, fabrication, and reprocessing facilities, uranium enrichment facilities, tritium production and handling facilities, and radioactive materials laboratories. Additional criteria ma
38、y be specified by an applicable regulatory authority such as the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The guidelines and requirements provided in this standard are applicable for the design and evaluation of Seismic Design Category (SDC)-3, SDC-4, and SDC-5 facilities. These can also be applied
39、 to SDC-1 and SDC-2 or other non-U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, if, for safety, economic, or other reasons, a site-specific seismic hazard evaluation is necessary. Two complementary standards describe procedures for performing site characterization and assessing seismic hazards: ANSI/AN
40、S-2.27-2008, “Criteria for Investigations of Nuclear Facility Sites for Seismic Hazard Assessments,” 3 and ANSI/ANS-2.29-2008, “Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis” 4. ANSI/ANS-2.27-2008 3 provides criteria and guidelines for conducting geological, seismological, and geotechnical investigations ne
41、eded to provide information to support the following: (1) seismic source characterization input to a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA); (2) evaluation of surface fault rupture hazard; (3) site response analysis; and (4) evaluation of seismic-induced ground failure hazard. ANSI/ANS-2.29-20
42、08 4 outlines standard criteria and procedures to perform a PSHA for earthquake ground shaking hazard at nuclear facilities. Appropriate criteria and guidelines are outlined herein to ensure that the current state-of-the-art methodology is being used for completing either PFDHA or PTDHA. The selecti
43、on of specific techniques and level of detail required to assess seismic-induced hazards are dependent on both the nature of the nuclear facility (i.e., SDC), as defined by ANSI/ANS-2.26-2004 (R2010) 2, and site-specific conditions. Execution of this standard requires two prior conditions: (1) defin
44、ing the seismic design category for the facility; and (2) executing a site characterization program following the requirements and guidelines given in ANSI/ANS-2.27-2008 3 and in Section 5 of this standard. 2 Definitions and acronyms 2.1 Shall, should, and may shall, should, and may: The word “shall
45、” is used to denote a requirement; the word “should” is used to denote a recommendation; and the word “may” is used to denote a permission, neither a requirement nor a recommendation. 2.2 Definitions aleatory uncertainty: The uncertainty inherent in a nondeterministic (i.e., stochastic, random) phen
46、omenon. Aleatory uncertainty, sometimes referred to as “aleatory variability,” is accounted for by modeling the phenomenon in terms of a probability model. In principle, aleatory uncertainty American National Standard ANSI/ANS-2.30-2015 3 cannot be reduced by the accumulation of more data or additio
47、nal information, but the detailed characteristics of the probability model can be improved. Sometimes aleatory uncertainty is called “randomness.” blind fault: A buried fault or fault zone that does not rupture to the ground surface but can cause surface deformation. coseismic deformation: Movement
48、of the ground surface due to fault displacement during an earthquake. epistemic uncertainty: Uncertainty attributable to incomplete knowledge about a phenomenon that affects the ability to model it. Epistemic uncertainty is captured by considering a range of model parameters within a given expert in
49、terpretation or multiple expert interpretations, each of which is assigned an associated weight representing statistical confidence in the alternatives. In principle, epistemic uncertainty can be reduced by the accumulation of additional information associated with the phenomenon. The uncertainty in the parameters of the probability distribution of a physical phenomenon is epistemic. fault/fault zone: A fracture in the earth along which blocks on either side have moved with respect to one another. Faulting may occur along multiple planes (see Fault Displacement) and inclu
