1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 19.3Evaporative Loss MeasurementPart DFugitive Emission Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Seam Loss Factors for Internal Floating-Roof TanksFIRST EDITION, JUNE 2001REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2012Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 19.3Evapo
2、rative Loss MeasurementPart DFugitive Emission Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Seam Loss Factors for Internal Floating-Roof TanksMeasurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, JUNE 2001REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2012SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respe
3、ct to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precau
4、tions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material
5、 safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as i
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7、five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Measurement Coordination Departmenttelephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishe
8、d annu-ally and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the int
9、erpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the standardization manager, American Petroleum Institute,1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to r
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11、y-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequ
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13、d in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum Inst
14、ituteFOREWORDThis standard provides rules for testing the deck seams or deck joints of internal floatingroofs under laboratory conditions to provide evaporative deck-seam loss factors or deck-jointloss factors. It was prepared by Task Group II of the API Committee on Evaporative LossEstimation (CELE
15、).A testing program was conducted in 1982 that used the pilot tank test method for measur-ing the deck-seam loss factors of mechanically-joined, contact and non-contact internalfloating roofs. The deck-seam loss factor that is published in API Publication 2519, Evapo-rative Loss From Internal Floati
16、ng-Roof Tanks, and in API Manual of Petroleum Measure-ment Standards, Chapter 19.2, “Evaporative Loss From Floating-Roof Tanks,” is based onthese tests. This deck-seam loss factor and the test method that was used to develop it havebeen widely accepted by oil companies, manufacturers, industry group
17、s, regulatory agen-cies, and general interest groups. API has not, however, tested or developed deck-seam lossfactors for proprietary designs of individual manufacturers.A second testing program was conducted in the period from 1994 through 1996 that usedthe weight loss test method for measuring dec
18、k-seam loss factors. These tests were directedat developing a test protocol that would eventually be published in the API Manual of Petro-leum Measurement Standards, Chapter 19.3, Part C, “Weight Loss Test Method for the Mea-surement of Deck-Seam Loss Factors for Internal Floating-Roof Tanks.” The f
19、irst edition ofthis publication is still under development.A third testing program was conducted in 1999 that used the fugitive emission test methodfor measuring deck-seam loss factors. These tests were directed at developing the test proto-col that is described in this publication.By publishing thi
20、s fugitive emission test method, the API is making this test method avail-able to interested parties who wish to test particular deck seams or deck joints under the aus-pices of the API.API certification of an evaporative loss factor developed through this program is subject tothe following three-st
21、ep process:a. The testing shall be performed in laboratories licensed by the API. The requirements toqualify for licensure are presented in the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards,Chapter 19.3, Part G, “Certified Loss Factor Testing Laboratory Registration;”b. Testing and determination of
22、test results shall be performed as specified herein; andc. The evaluation of these test results and the certification of an evaporative loss factor forthe item tested shall be conducted in accordance with the API Manual of Petroleum Mea-surement Standards, Chapter 19.3, Part F, “Evaporative Loss Fac
23、tor for Storage TanksCertification Program.”API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection w
24、ith this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the stand
25、ardization manager,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 API References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . 12.2 ASTM References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . 44 SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 LIMITATIONS TO TEST METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 Evaluation of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 Low Loss Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 T
31、EST APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 Test Apparatus Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 Test Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 Test Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 Test Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . 77.5 Test Apparatus Air Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 TEST ITEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 Test Item Construction. . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 Test Item Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 Test Item End Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . 99 PREPARATION OF APPARATUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1 Test Item Placement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.2 Test Liquid Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 Instrumentation Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 Test Room Air Temperature Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.5 Sample Pu
37、mp Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 Steady-State Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 INSTRUMENTATION AND CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . 910.1 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.2 Data Acquisition System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010.3 Temperature Measurements. . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010.4 Pressure Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110.5 Atmospheric Pressure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
40、0.6 Pressure Difference Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110.7 Flow Rate Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410.8 Total Hydrocarbon Concentration Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . 14vPage11 TEST PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411.1 Levels of Pressure Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411.2 Data to be Recorded. . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411.3 Duration of Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512 CALCULATION OF TEST RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . 1512.1 Calibration Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512.2 Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512.3 Vapor Pressure Function . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1612.4 Vapor Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1612.5 Test Enclosure Loss Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . 1612.6 Test Enclosure Loss Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1612.7 Deck-Seam Loss Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1712.8 Deck-Joint Loss Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1712.9 Uncertainty Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713 REPORT OF TEST RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713.1 R
47、eport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713.2 Data Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713.3 Loss Factor Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1714 PRECISION AND BIAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18APPENDIX A UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21APPENDIX B ME
49、TRIC UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29APPENDIX C BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figures1 Flow Diagram of the Test Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Plan View of the Fugitive Emission Test Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Test Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Typical Test Enclosure Loss Rate Cur
