API MPMS 22.2-2017 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 22-Testing Protocol Section 2-Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices (SECOND EDITION).pdf

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1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 22Testing ProtocolSection 2Differential Pressure Flow Measurement DevicesSECOND EDITION, APRIL 2017Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal law

2、s and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or as

3、sume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately o

4、wned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereb

5、y expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and op

6、erating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other pra

7、ctices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the

8、 applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API

9、Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2017 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product cover

10、ed by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard,

11、“should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standar

12、d. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 200

13、05. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added

14、to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to

15、 the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General . . . . .

16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Differential Pressure or Head-type Flow Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

17、 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . 54 Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Parameter Variations Affecting Device Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 Flowing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.2 Meter Pipe Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 Meter Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Mandatory Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.1 Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.2 Required Piping Conditions Upstream and Dow

22、nstream of the Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.3 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.4 Baseline Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.5 Non-ideal Condition Testing (Installation Effects Testing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.6 Testing the Gas Expansion Factor for Co

24、mpressible Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.7 Special Installation Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Test and Calibration Facility Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.1 Test Facility Audit Process.

26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.2 In-house Calibration Facility Verification Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.3 Test Facility Qualific

27、ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207.4 Validity/Precision of Test Facility Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207.5 Test a

28、nd Calibration Facility Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Uncertainty and Statistical Significance Analysis and Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.1 Test Facility and Calib

29、ration Facility Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.2 Meter Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.3 Determinat

30、ion of Statistical Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、. . . 239.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.2 Test Facility Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.3 Calibration Facility Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.4 Meter Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.5 Description of the Full Test Matrix and Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.6 Sample Meter Test Reporting Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Annex A (normative) Test Matrices for Section 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Annex B (normative) Uncertainty Estimate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Annex C (informative) Dimensional Parameters for Prototype Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Annex D (informative) Interpolation of Uncertainty for Intermediate Area Ratios and Line Diamete

36、rs. . . . . . 39Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Figures1 Concentric Orifice Flow Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1vContentsPage2 Eccentric and Segmental Orifice Flow Meters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Quadrant-edge and Conical Orifice Plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Venturi Flow Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Flow Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Cone Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Dall Tube Low-loss Meter . . . . .

40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Wedge Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Pitot-st

41、atic Tube Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Multi-port Averaging Pitot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、. . . . . . . 4IntroductionThis document defines a testing and reporting protocol for flow measurement devices based on the detection of a pressure differential that is created by the device in a flowing stream. The overall objectives of this testing protocol are to facilitate the introduction of ne

43、w technologies, provide a standard method for validating manufacturers performance specifications, and define the minimum requirements needed to determine relative performance characteristics of differential pressure metering devices under a standardized testing protocol. This protocol applies to bo

44、th liquids and gases. This protocol achieves these objectives by testing representative meters provided by the manufacturer in order to: Quantify the discharge coefficient uncertainty and the meters sensitivity to flow profile over a range of Reynolds numbers, sizes, area ratios, upstream and downst

45、ream piping installations, and differential pressure to static pressure ratios; Test the gas expansion factor equation provided by the manufacturer and the manufacturers method of determining the individual discharge coefficient for each meter to determine if they are statistically similar; Report t

46、he results of the testing and disclose any results that are not statistically similar as discovered during the testing process. Performance characteristics such as discharge coefficient uncertainty, installation effects, the gas expansion factor equation, and the method of determining the discharge

47、coefficient, can be performed as a type test under this protocol. For these characteristics, the results obtained from the tests described in this protocol can be applied to all meters of the same design that are used within the limits of the parameters tested under this protocol (e.g. size, area ra

48、tio, Reynolds number, differential pressure to static pressure ratio). This is not a type-testing protocol for those meters that use a standard discharge coefficient equation for all meters of the same model, size, and area ratio. This standard requires the discharge coefficient or discharge coeffic

49、ient equation to be determined for each individual meter. Quantifying the uncertainty of a standard discharge coefficient equation based on the statistical variation of dimensions in the manufacturing process is beyond the scope of this protocol. This protocol assumes that the influence of dimensional variation is quantified by individually testing each meter to determine its discharge coefficient under baseline conditions. Examples of flow meters covered in this standard include, but are not limited to, orifice plates, Venturis, nozzles, cone-type meters, wedge meters, and multip

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