1、Safe Operation of Vacuum Trucks Handling Flammable and Combustible Liquids in Petroleum ServiceAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2219 FOURTH EDITION, JUNE 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal la
2、ws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or a
3、ssume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately
4、owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and here
5、by expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and o
6、perating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other pr
7、actices.Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this Recommended Practice should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Recommended Practice should not rely exclusively on
8、 the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employ
9、ees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained f
10、rom the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in
11、 determining the appropriateness of applying the Recommended Practice. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this Recommended Practice.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an
12、 API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored
13、in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2015 American Petroleum InstituteF
14、orewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyon
15、e against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the sp
16、ecification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions c
17、oncerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein sh
18、ould also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, tel
19、ephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage
20、1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Applicability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Basic Vacuum Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Concept of Hazard vs Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 Job Hazard Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Safe Handling of Hazardous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 Hazardous Materia
25、ls Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 Product Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3
26、 Personal Protective Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 Hazardous Materials Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . 84.5 Emergency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Safe Vacuum Truck Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . 85.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.2 Atmospheric Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.3 Conductive and Non-conductive Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 Bonding and Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.5 Testing of Bonding and Grounding Static Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.6 Vacuum Pumps and Blowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.7 Vacuum Exhaust Venting and Vapor Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 Transfer Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.9 Over-pressure and Under-pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.10 Gauging and Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.11 Non-petroleum Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.12 Operation of Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.13 Personnel Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Annex A (informative) Vacuum Truc
35、k Design and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Annex B (informative) Vacuum Truck Preventative Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Annex C (informative) Safe Vacuum Truck Operations. . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Annex D (informative) Safe Operation of Vacuum Trucks to Remove Flammable and Combustible Liquids from Underground Tanks at Service Station and Commercial Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Ann
37、ex E (informative) Pneumatic Conveyor Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Annex F (informative) Vacuum Truck Operating Experience and Incidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Bibliography . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49FiguresA.1 Typical Vacuum Truck with Rotary Vane Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A.2 Typica
39、l Vacuum Truck with Liquid Ring Pump or Rotary Lobe Blower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21A.3 Typical Sliding (Rotary) Vane Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A.4 Liquid Ring Pump . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23A.5 Rotary Lobe Blower (Two-lobe Impeller) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24vContentsPageA.6 R
41、otary Lobe Blower (Three-lobe Impeller) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24TablesC.1 Example Vacuum/Flow Rate Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C
42、.2 Hose Flow Rate Adjustment Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32C.3 Suggested Vacuum Pump Airflow Rate/Hose Diameter Adjustment Required When the Suction Hose is Partially Submerged (Skimming) to Minimize the Amou
43、nt of Air Entering the Vacuum System32IntroductionVacuum truck personnel working in petroleum facilities shall be trained in the safe operation of the vacuum equipment; familiar with the hazards of the products being handled; and aware of relevant facility permit requirements, safety procedures, and
44、 emergency response requirements. It is the responsibility of the vacuum truck owner and operator to comply with (1) applicable federal, state, and local regulations; (2) this RP; and (3) facility requirements regarding the safe operation of vacuum trucks, including, but not limited to, the followin
45、g items: construction, inspection, maintenance, and certification of the vacuum tank; selection and safe operation of the vacuum truck, vacuum pump, hoses, and accessories; regulatory requirements for safe highway operation of the truck; proper transportation, handling, and disposal of hazardous mat
46、erials; safe vacuum truck loading, unloading, and transport operations within the facility; training and qualification of operators and other assigned vacuum truck personnel.Although the material contained in this document is intended to be consistent with regulatory requirements, API 2219 is not a
47、compliance document. Each user or operator must ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR, specifies the minimum requirements for the design, construction, maintenance, testing, and operation o
48、f vehicles used for handling and transporting hazardous materials within the United States. Criteria for minimum training and qualifications of drivers and operators are also found in 49 CFR. The Department of Labor, Occupational Safety, and Health Administrations (OSHA) requirements for safety, hea
49、lth, and hazard awareness applicable to operators and other personnel working with vacuum truck operations are found in the Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910. U.S. Coast Guard regulations in 33 CFR 154 for bulk transfer of hazardous materials to and from vessels at marine facilities could include certain vacuum truck transfer operations.The procedures contained herein are intended to apply to vacuum trucks, skids, and trailers used in flammable and combustible liquid service. These requirements include, but are not limited to, 49 CFR parts 178.345178.348 as well as DOT 407
