API RP 2MET-2014 Derivation of Metocean Design and Operating Conditions (FIRST EDITION).pdf

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1、Derivation of Metocean Design and Operating ConditionsANSI/API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2METFIRST EDITION, NOVEMBER 2014ISO 19901-1:2005 (Modified), Petroleum and natural gas industriesSpecific requirements for offshore structuresPart 1: Metocean design and operating considerationsSpecial NotesAPI publi

2、cations necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation,

3、either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employee

4、s, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in

5、 them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publica

6、tion mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The

7、 formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requi

8、rements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this Recommended Practice should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document.Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety

9、 judgment should be used in employing the information containedherein.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission fr

10、om the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2014 American Petroleum InstituteAPI ForewordThe verbal forms used to express the provisions in this specification are as follows: the term “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in ord

11、er to conform to the specification; the term “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to thespecification; the term “may” is used to express permission or a provision that is optional; the term “can” is used to express possibility or capability.

12、Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against

13、 liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publica

14、tion or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the

15、 material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAP

16、I Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standar

17、dsapi.org.iiiv Contents Page API Foreword iii Foreword vii Introduction viii 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 9 4.1 Main symbols . 9 4.2 Abbreviated terms 11 5 Determining the relevant metocean parameters 12 5.1 General 12 5.2 Expert int

18、erpretation of the metocean database 12 5.3 Selecting appropriate parameters for determining design actions or action effects . 13 5.4 The metocean database 13 5.5 Storm types in a region . 14 5.6 Directionality 14 5.7 Extrapolation to rare conditions . 14 5.8 Metocean parameters for fatigue assessm

19、ents 15 5.9 Metocean parameters for short-term activities . 15 6 Water depth, tides and storm surges . 16 6.1 General 16 6.2 Tides 17 6.3 Storm surge 18 7 Wind . 18 7.1 General 18 7.2 Wind actions and action effects . 19 7.3 Wind profile and time-averaged wind speed . 19 7.4 Wind spectra . 19 8 Wave

20、s 20 8.1 General 20 8.2 Wave actions and action effects 20 8.3 Intrinsic, apparent and encounter wave periods 21 8.4 Two-dimensional wave kinematics 21 8.5 Maximum height of an individual wave for long return periods . 22 8.6 Wave spectra 22 8.7 Wave directional spreading function and spreading fact

21、or 22 8.8 Wave crest elevation 22 9 Currents 23 9.1 General 23 9.2 Current velocities . 23 9.3 Current profile 24 9.4 Current profile stretching 24 9.5 Current blockage 24 10 Other environmental factors . 24 10.1 Marine growth . 24 10.2 Tsunamis 25 10.3 Seiches 25 vi 10.4 Sea ice and icebergs 25 10.

22、5 Snow and ice accretion . 26 10.6 Miscellaneous . 26 Annex A (informative) Additional information and guidance 27 Annex B (informative) Discussion of wave frequency spectra . 66 Annex C (informative) Regional information . 76 Bibliography 160 vii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Sta

23、ndardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the righ

24、t to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International

25、Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an

26、 International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1

27、9901-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 7, Offshore structures. ISO 19901 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries

28、Specific requirements for offshore structures: Part 1: Metocean design and operating considerations Part 2: Seismic design procedures and criteria Part 3: Topsides structure Part 4: Geotechnical and foundation design considerations Part 5: Weight control during engineering and construction Part 6: M

29、arine operations Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile offshore units The following parts are under preparation: Part 8: Marine soil investigations Part 9: Structural integrity management ISO 19901 is one of a series of standards for offshore structures. The full

30、 series consists of the following International Standards. ISO 19900, Petroleum and natural gas industries General requirements for offshore structures ISO 19901 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries Specific requirements for offshore structures ISO 19902, Petroleum and natural gas indus

31、tries Fixed steel offshore structures ISO 19903, Petroleum and natural gas industries Fixed concrete offshore structures ISO 19904, Petroleum and natural gas industries Floating offshore structures ISO 19905, Petroleum and natural gas industries Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units ISO

32、19906, Petroleum and natural gas industries Arctic offshore structures viii Introduction The series of International Standards applicable to types of offshore structure, ISO 19900 to ISO 19906, constitutes a common basis covering those aspects that address design requirements and assessments of all

33、offshore structures used by the petroleum and natural gas industries worldwide. Through their application the intention is to achieve reliability levels appropriate for manned and unmanned offshore structures, whatever the type of structure and the nature or combination of the materials used. It is

34、important to recognize that structural integrity is an overall concept comprising models for describing actions, structural analyses, design rules, safety elements, workmanship, quality control procedures and national requirements, all of which are mutually dependent. The modification of one aspect

35、of design in isolation can disturb the balance of reliability inherent in the overall concept or structural system. The implications involved in modifications, therefore, need to be considered in relation to the overall reliability of all offshore structural systems. The series of International Stan

36、dards applicable to types of offshore structure is intended to provide a wide latitude in the choice of structural configurations, materials and techniques without hindering innovation. Sound engineering judgment is therefore necessary in the use of these International Standards. The overall concept

37、 of structural integrity is described above. Some additional considerations apply for metocean design and operating conditions. The term “metocean” is short for “meteorological and oceanographic” and refers to the discipline concerned with the establishment of relevant environmental conditions for t

38、he design and operation of offshore structures. A major consideration in the design and operation of such a structure is the determination of actions on, and the behavior of, the structure as a result of winds, waves and currents. Environmental conditions vary widely around the world. For the majori

39、ty of offshore locations there are little numerical data from historic conditions; comprehensive data often only start being collected when there is a specific need, for example, when exploration for hydrocarbons is being considered. Despite the usually short duration for which data are available, d

40、esigners of offshore structures need estimates of extreme and abnormal environmental conditions (with an individual or joint probability of the order of 1 102/ year and 1 103to 1 104/ year, respectively). Even for areas like the Gulf of Mexico, offshore Indonesia and the North Sea, where there are u

41、p to 30 years of fairly reliable measurements available, the data are insufficient for rigorous statistical determination of appropriate extreme and abnormal environmental conditions. The determination of relevant design parameters has therefore to rely on the interpretation of the available data by

42、 specialists, together with an assessment of any other information, such as prevailing weather systems, ocean wave creation and regional and local bathymetry, coupled with consideration of data from comparable locations. It is hence important to employ specialists from both the metocean and structur

43、al communities in the determination of design parameters for offshore structures, particularly since setting of appropriate environmental conditions depends on the chosen option for the offshore structure. This part of ISO 19901 provides procedures and guidance for the determination of environmental

44、 conditions and their relevant parameters. Requirements for the determination of the actions on, and the behavior of, a structure in these environmental conditions are given in ISO 19901-3, ISO 19901-6, ISO 19901-7, ISO 19902, ISO 19903, ISO 19904, ISO 19905 and ISO 19906. Some background to, and gu

45、idance on, the use of this part of ISO 19901 is provided in informative Annex A. The clause numbering in Annex A is the same as in the normative text to facilitate cross-referencing. A discussion on wave spectra is provided in informative Annex B. Regional information, where available, is provided i

46、n informative Annex C. ANSI/API Recommended Practice 2MET/ISO 19901-1:20051 Petroleum and natural gas industries Specific requirements for offshore structures Part 1: Metocean design and operating considerations 1 Scope This part of ISO 19901 gives general requirements for the determination and use

47、of meteorological and oceanographic (metocean) conditions for the design, construction and operation of offshore structures of all types used in the petroleum and natural gas industries. The requirements are divided into two broad types: 1) those that relate to the determination of environmental con

48、ditions in general, together with the metocean parameters that are required to adequately describe them; 2) those that relate to the characterization and use of metocean parameters for the design, the construction activities or the operation of offshore structures. The environmental conditions and m

49、etocean parameters discussed comprise extreme and abnormal values of metocean parameters that recur with given return periods that are considerably longer than the design service life of the structure, long-term distributions of metocean parameters, in the form of cumulative, conditional, marginal or joint statistics of metocean parameters, and normal environmental conditions that are expected to occur frequently during the design service life of the structure. Metocean parameters are applicable to the determinatio

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