1、Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, and Nickel Base Alloy Castings for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustryAPI SPECIFICATION 20AFIRST EDITION, MARCH 2012ADDENDUM 1, OCTOBER 2013ADDENDUM 2, APRIL 2015Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, and Nickel Base Alloy Castings for Use i
2、n the Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustryUpstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 20AFIRST EDITION, MARCH 2012ADDENDUM 1, OCTOBER 2013ADDENDUM 2, APRIL 2015Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws
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10、ublishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2012 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covere
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12、should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard
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14、5. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added t
15、o this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to
16、the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Purpose. . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Casting Specification Levels (CSL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Foundry Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Qualification Casting. . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Qualification Test Coupon (QTC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 Casting Qua
23、lification Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 Acceptance of the Qualification Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.6 R
24、ecords of Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.7 Limits of Casting Qualifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . 145 Production Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.2 Manufacturing Procedure Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.3 Process Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.4 Sample Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.5 Design and Maintenance of Pattern Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.6 Inspection, Quality Control, Marking, and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.7 Limits on the Qualification of Production Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.8 Traceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.9 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.10 Record Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.11 Handling, Storage, and Shipping.
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Annex A (informative) Purchasing Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Annex B (informative) API Mon
32、ogram Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Figure
33、s1 Equivalent Round ModelsSolids of Length, L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Equivalent Round ModelsTube (Any Section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Equivalent Round M
34、odelsComplex Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Equivalent Round ModelsKeel Block Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Example of Development of Keel Block Dimensio
35、ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9vContentsPageTables1 Material Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Qualification Casting
36、Weld Repair Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Examination/Testing Requirements for Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Modified JK Inclusion Rating Limits .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Surface Examination Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Volumetric Examination Acceptance Crite
38、ria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 As-cast Weight/Thickness Range Classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Limits of CSL Qualification Summary. . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Limits of CSL Production Casting Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610 Wall Thickness up to 2 Inches, in Accordance with ASTM E44
40、6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2111 Wall Thicknesses from 2 Inches to 4.5 Inches, in Accordance with ASTM E186 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2112 Wall Thicknesses from 4.5 Inches to 12 Inches, in Accordance with ASTM E280 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. 21vi1Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, and Nickel Base Alloy Castings for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry1 Scope1.1 PurposeThis standard specifies requirements for the design, foundry qualification, production, marking and documentation of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainle
42、ss steel and nickel base alloy castings used in the petroleum and natural gas industries when referenced by an applicable API equipment standard or otherwise specified as a requirement for compliance.1.2 ApplicabilityThis standard applies to castings used in the manufacture of pressure containing, p
43、ressure controlling and primary load bearing components. Castings manufactured in accordance with this API Standard may be produced using any industry standard casting method.1.3 Casting Specification Levels (CSL)This standard establishes requirements for four casting specification levels (CSL). The
44、se four CSL designations define different levels of cast product technical, quality and qualification requirements. See Annex A for additional information on purchasing API 20A castings.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. F
45、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) 1, Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure VesselsASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section
46、 IX, Welding and Brazing QualificationsASME B31.3, Process PipingASTM A370 2, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsASTM A488/A488M, Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelASTM A609, Standard Practice for Casti
47、ngs, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination ThereofASTM E10, Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness Test of Metallic MaterialsASTM E18, Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness Test of Metallic MaterialsASTM E45, Standard Test Method for Determining the Inclu
48、sion Content of SteelASTM E94, Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination1ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA, www.asme.org.2ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, www.astm.org.2API SPECIFICATION 20AASTM E110, Standard Test Meth
49、od for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness TestersASTM E112, Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain SizeASTM E125, Standard Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous CastingsASTM E165, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryASTM E186, Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 41/2-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsASTM E280, Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (41/2 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsASTM E340, Standard Test Method for Macroetching Metals an
