1、Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, and Nickel Base Alloy Castings for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustryAPI SPECIFICATION 20ASECOND EDITION, AUGUST 2017EFFECTIVE DATE: FEBRUARY 1, 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to
2、particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, o
3、r usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use
4、of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or
5、guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the
6、 broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intende
7、d in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or
8、 guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written per
9、mission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2017 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture,
10、sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to confo
11、rm to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the de
12、velopmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Pet
13、roleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years
14、. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Sug
15、gested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Foundry Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 Quality Management System (QMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 Qualification Casting. . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 Qualification Test Coupon (QTC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 Casting
21、 Qualification Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 Acceptance of the Qualification Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.
22、7 Records of Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.8 Limits of Casting Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . 175 Production Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.2 Manufacturing Process Specification (MPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.3 Process Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.4 Sample Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.5 Design and Maintenance of Pattern Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.6 Inspection, Quality Control, Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.7 Limits on the Qualification of Production Castings by CSL . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.8 Traceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.9 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.10 Record Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.11 Documentation Provided w
29、ith the Castings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.12 Handling, Storage, and Shipping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.13 Minimum Facility Requ
30、irements for the Foundry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Annex A (informative) API Monogram ProgramUse of the API Monogram by Licensees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figures1 Equivalent Round ModelsSolids of Length L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Equivalent Round ModelsTube (Any Section. . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Equivalent Round ModelsComplex Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Equivalent Round ModelsKeel Block Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Example of Development of Keel Block Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Tables1 As-cast Weight Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Material Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Casting Weld Repair Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Guidance for Qualification Examination/Testing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Surface Examination Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Volumetric Examination Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Limits of CSL Qualification Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Production Casting Weld Repair Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23vContentsPage9 Limits of CSL Production Casting Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2310 Example: Casting Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2511 Minimum Facility Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26vi1 Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, and Nickel Base Alloy Casting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry 1 Scope This specification identifies requirements for the foundry qualification, production, design,
40、marking and documentation of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, and nickel-base alloy castings used in the petroleum and natural gas industries when referenced by an applicable API product standard or otherwise specified as a requirement for compliance. This specification applies to casting
41、s used in the manufacture of pressure containing, pressure-controlling, and primary load-bearing components. Castings manufactured in accordance with this API Standard may be produced using any industry standard casting method. This specification provides manufacturers with a fixed methodology to ex
42、amine a qualification casting and to compare the results of that examination to a defined set of acceptance criteria. The results of the qualification testing by material grouping are then used to establish a baseline Casting Specification Level (CSL) for subsequently produced castings. This specifi
43、cation also provides manufacturers with a fixed production testing methodology to determine if subsequently produced castings conform to the minimum requirements for the intended CSL. The intent is that the production castings meet the minimum CSL requirements established during qualification testin
44、g by material grouping and/or the minimum CSL specified by the purchaser. If product is supplied bearing the API Monogram and manufactured at a facility licensed by API, the requirements of Annex A apply. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application
45、 of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies, except that new editions may be used on issue and shall become mandatory upon the effective date specified by the publish
46、er or six months from the date of the revision (where no effective date is specified). API Specification Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry API Specification 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christ
47、mas Tree Equipment API Standard 20H, Heat Treatment Services Batch Type for Equipment Used in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry ANSI/NACE MR01751/ISO 15156, Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC)2, Section VIII, Div
48、ision 1, Pressure Vessels ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section V, Nondestructive Examination 1 NACE International (formerly the National Association of Corrosion Engineers), 1440 South Creek D
49、rive, Houston, Texas 77084-4906, www.nace.org. 2 ASME International, 2 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016-5990, www.asme.org. 2 API SPECIFICATION 20A ASNT SNT-TC-1A3, Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1APersonnel Qualification and Certification in Non-Destructive Testing ASTM A3704, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A488/A488M, Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel ASTM A609, Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examinati
