1、Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustriesAPI SPECIFICATION 20E SECOND EDITION, FEBRUARY 2017EFFECTIVE DATE: AUGUST 13, 2017Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, a
2、nd federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained h
3、erein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon p
4、rivately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to ensure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication a
5、nd hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering
6、and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other
7、practices.Users of this specification should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance wit
8、h the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be r
9、eproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2017
10、 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be
11、 construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.Should: As used in a standard, “s
12、hould” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.Thi
13、s document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the pro
14、cedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be address
15、ed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000.
16、 A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Qualification Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Qualification Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Materials and Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 Acceptance of Qualification Bolting. . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 Records of Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 Limits of Bolting Qualifi
23、cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Production of Qualified Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 Qualificati
24、on of Procurement Sources for Raw Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 Qualification of Suppliers for Subcontracted Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.3 Material Specifications . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.4 Manufacturing Process Specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.5 Raw Material. . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.6 Chemical Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . 125.7 Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.8 Metallurgical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.9 Examination and Test Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.10 Nondestructive Examination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.11 Dimensional and Visual Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Calibration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.1 ASTM Product Marking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.2 Marking Required by This Specification. . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Record Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1810 Storage and Shipping . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Annex A (informative) API Monogram Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Tables1 Bolting Test Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 52 Microstructure and Macrostructure Requirements for BSL-2 and BSL-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Sampling for Dimensional and Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use
36、 in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries 1 Scope 1.1 Purpose This standard specifies requirements for the qualification, production, and documentation of alloy and carbon steel bolting used in the petroleum and natural gas industries. 1.2 Applicability This standard applies when referenced by an
37、 applicable API equipment standard or otherwise specified as a requirement for compliance. 1.3 Bolting Specification Levels This standard establishes requirements for three bolting specification levels (BSLs). These three BSL designations define different levels of technical, quality, and qualificat
38、ion requirements, BSL-1, BSL-2, and BSL-3. The BSLs are numbered in increasing levels of requirements in order to reflect increasing technical, quality, and qualification criteria. 1.4 Bolting Types This standard covers the following finished product forms, processes, and sizes: a) machined studs;b)
39、 machined bolts, screws, and nuts;c) cold formed bolts, screws, and nuts with cut or cold formed threads (BSL-1 only);d) hot formed bolts and screws 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter;e) hot formed bolts and screws 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter;f) roll threaded studs, bolts, and screws 1.5 in.
40、(38.1 mm) diameter;g) roll threaded studs, bolts, and screws 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) diameter;h) hot formed nuts 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter;i) hot formed nuts 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter.1.5 Application of the API Monogram If product is manufactured at a facility licensed by API and is inte
41、nded to be supplied bearing the API Monogram, the requirements of Annex A apply. 2 Normative References The following documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated reference
42、s, the latest edition of the reference document (including amendments) applies. 1 2 API SPECIFICATION 20E API Specification Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry API 6A, 20th Edition, Specification for
43、Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment API 6HT, 2nd Edition, Heat Treatment and Testing of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Large Cross Section and Critical Section Components ASTM 1A29/A29M, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought ASTM A193, Standard S
44、pecification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications ASTM A194, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service or
45、 Both ASTM A320, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low Temperature Service ASTM A370, Standard Test Method and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A540, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting for Special Applications ASTM A
46、751, Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products ASTM A941, Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys and Ferroalloys ASTM A962, Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Bo
47、th, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range ASTM B850-98(15), Standard Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Reducing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM E10, Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E18, Standard Test Method for
48、 Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E45, Standard Test Method for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel ASTM E112, Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain Size ASTM E381, Standard Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings ASTM E384, Standard Test
49、 Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials ASTM E1268, Standard Practice for Assessing Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructure ASTM F519, Standard Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments ASTM F606, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets ASTM F1470-12, Standard Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection 1ASTM International, 1
