1、CRA Clad or Lined Steel PipeAPI SPECIFICATION 5LDFOURTH EDITION, MARCH 2015API MONOGRAM PROGRAM EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPTEMBER 3, 2015Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations sho
2、uld be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or r
3、esponsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publicati
4、ons may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any l
5、iability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publi
6、cations are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking
7、equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Classifie
8、d areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any givensituation. Users of this Specification should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Specification should not rely exclusively on the information contained in th
9、is document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy
10、ing, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2015 American Petroleum Instituteiii Foreword This edition of API Specification 5LD supersedes the Third Edition and in
11、cludes items approved by letter ballot from January 2014. Portions of this publication have been changed from the previous edition. Substantive changes are indicated with gray shading and blue font, but API makes no warranty as to the accuracy of such notations. Nonsubstantive changes will not be in
12、dicated with shading and colored font. Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publicatio
13、n be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this recommended practice are as follows: the term “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the recommended practice; the term “should” denot
14、es a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the recommended practice; the term “may” is used to express permission or a provision that is optional; and the term “can” is used to express possibility or capability. This document was produced under API standardi
15、zation procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was
16、developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director. Generally, API sta
17、ndards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and
18、materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org. v Contents page 1 Scope . 1 1.1 Coverage . 1 1.2 Application of the AP
19、I Monogram 1 2 Normative References . 1 3 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations 3 3.1 Terms and Definitions 3 3.2 Abbreviations . 3 4 General Information . 4 4.1 Pipe Size 4 4.2 Information to be Supplied by the Purchaser . 4 5 Manufacturing of Clad and Lined Steel Pipe . 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Descrip
20、tion of Clad and Lined Steel Pipe 6 6 Chemical Properties and Tests . 7 6.1 Composition 7 6.2 Heat Analyses of the CRA Layer 7 6.3 Product Analyses of Backing Steel, Welds, and CRA 7 6.4 Recheck Analyses 8 7 Mechanical Properties and Tests . 9 7.1 Mechanical Properties (Backing Steel) 9 7.2 Tensile
21、TestsGeneral 9 7.3 Testing Frequency . 9 7.4 Longitudinal Tensile Tests 9 7.5 Transverse Tensile Tests 9 7.6 Weld Tensile Tests . 9 7.7 Control Tensile Tests . 9 7.8 Retests (Tensile) . 11 7.9 Flattening Tests 11 7.10 Guided-bend Tests . 12 7.11 Fracture Toughness Tests 12 7.12 Metallographic Examin
22、ation 13 7.13 Hardness Test . 14 8 Special Tests 16 8.1 Ferrite/Austenite Ratio for Duplex Stainless Steel . 16 8.2 Corrosion Testing 16 8.3 Tests for CRA Cladding Bond Strength and CRA Liner Tightness. 17 8.4 Residual Magnetism . 18 9 Hydrostatic Tests Inspection Hydrostatic Test . 18 10 Dimensions
23、, Weights, and Lengths . 19 10.1 Dimension and Weights . 19 10.2 Diameter 19 10.3 Wall Thickness . 20 10.4 Mass . 20 10.5 Length 20 10.6 Straightness 20 10.7 Jointers 20 10.8 Pipe Ends 21 vi Contents page 11 Nondestructive Inspection 21 11.1 Inspection Methods for Welded Clad Pipe . 21 11.2 Inspecti
24、on Methods for Seamless Clad Pipe . 22 11.3 Inspection Methods for Lined Pipe . 22 11.4 Thickness of Cladding or Lining . 23 12 Workmanship, Visual Inspection, and Repair of Defects . 23 12.1 Workmanship 12.2 Visual Inspection 23 12.3 Defects and Disbonding 23 12.4 Surface Treatment 23 13 Marking 24
25、 13.1 General 24 13.3 Pipe Processor Markings . 25 14 Documentation . 26 14.1 Certification . 26 14.2 Electronic Certificate of Compliance 26 Annex A (informative) API Monogram Program Use of the API Monogram by Licensees 27 Annex B (normative) Manufacturing Procedure Specification . 31 Annex C (nor
26、mative) Welding Procedure Qualification Requirements . 33 Annex D (normative) Manufacturing Procedure Qualification Test . 34 Annex E (normative) Jointer Requirements 36 Annex F (normative) Purchaser Inspection 37 Bibliography . 38 Figures 1 Welded Clad Pipe or Lined Pipe When Process Involves Seam
27、Welding of the CRA . 14 2 Seamless Clad Pipe 15 Tables 1 Purchaser Supplied Information . 5 2 Purchaser Provided Analysis 8 3 Chemical Requirements for Heat Analysis of CRA Layer, Percent (%) 10 4 Acceptance Criteria for Examination of Weld Microstructure . 13 5 Hardness Survey of Four Traverses for
28、 SAW Clad Pipe or Lined Pipe 14 6 Hardness Survey of Two Traverses for Seamless Clad Pipe 15 7 Hardness Test Requirements 15 8 Youngs Modulus and Poissons Ratio at 25 C (77 F) 18 9 Correction Factors . 19 10 Tolerances on Dimensions and Weights . 21 1 CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe 1 Scope 1.1 Coverag
29、e This specification covers seamless and welded clad steel line pipe and lined steel line pipe with enhanced corrosion-resistant properties suitable for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries. The clad and lined steel line pipe specified herein is composed
30、 of a carbon steel backing or base material outside (in some cases inside and/or outside) and a corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) layer or lining inside of the pipe. The base material conforms to API 5L (45th Ed.), product specification level (PSL) 2 and applicable annex(es), except as modified herein
31、. Grades of base material covered by this specification include X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80, and grades intermediate to these. Grades of the CRA layer are LC 1812, 2205, 2506, 2242, 2262, unified numbering system (UNS) S31703, UNS N08904, UNS N10276, Alloy 311(UNS N08031), Alloy 59 (UNS N
32、06059), Alloy 254 SMO 11(UNS S31254), Alloy 400 (UNS N04400), AL6NX (UNS N08367), and EN 1.4529 (UNS N08926). Other grades are subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. The delivered product usually has square ends, but other special ends may be furnished by agreement between
33、the purchaser and manufacturer. Included are nominal pipe sizes (NPS) 25 mm (1 in.) through 2134 mm (84 in.). Sizes greater than 2134 mm (84 in.) are outside of the range of API 5L (45th Ed.) but may be supplied up to 2500 mm (100 in.) by agreement, including requirements for materials. 1.2 Applicat
34、ion of the API Monogram If product is manufactured at a facility licensed by API and it is intended to be supplied bearing the API Monogram, the requirements of Annex A apply. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
35、references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. For a list of other documents and articles associated with this standard, please see the Bibliography. API Specification 5L, Specification for Line Pi
36、pe, 45th Edition, December 2012 (Effective July 1, 2013) API Specification 5LC, Specification for CRA Line Pipe, Fourth Edition API Specification Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, Ju
37、ne 2013 ANSI 2/NACE 3MR0175/ISO 15156-3:2009(E), Petroleum and natural gas industriesMaterials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas productionParts 1, 2, and 3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) 4, Section II, Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler M
38、etals (2013.07.01) 1This term is used as an example only, and does not constitute an endorsement of this product by API. 2American National Standards Institute, 1899 L Street, NW, 11th Floor, Washington, DC 20036, www.ansi.org. 3NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084, www.n
39、ace.org. 4ASME International, 2 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016-5990, www.asme.org. 2 API SPECIFICATION 5LD ASME BPVC, Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications (2013.07.01) ASTM A240-14 5, Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for
40、 Pressure Vessels and for General Applications ASTM A262-13, Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility of Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels ASTM A263-12, Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Plate ASTM A264-12, Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel S
41、teel Clad Plate ASTM A265-12, Standard Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate ASTM A578-07, Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications ASTM A751-14, Standard Test Methods, Practices and Terminology for Chem
42、ical Analysis of Steel Products ASTM B424-11, Standard Specification for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy (UNS N08825 and UNS N08221) Plate, Sheet, and Strip ASTM B443-00, Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy (UNS N06625) and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Silicon Alloy (UNS N06219)
43、 Plate, Sheet, and Strip ASTM B619-10, Standard Specification for Welded Nickel and Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Pipe ASTM B622-10, Standard Specification for Seamless Nickel and Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Pipe and Tube ASTM B675-01 (2013), Standard Specification for UNS N08367 Welded Pipe ASTM E18-14, Standard Tes
44、t Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E165-12, Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination ASTM E353-1993, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys ASTM E384-11, Standard Test Meth
45、od for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials ASTM E562-11, Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count ASTM G28-02, Standard Test Methods of Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion in Wrought, Nickel-Rich, Chromium-Bearing Alloys ASTM G48-11, S
46、tandard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution ISO/TR 9769:1991 6, Steel and ironReview of available methods of analysis 5ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, www
47、.astm.org. 6International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, www.iso.org. CRA CLAD OR LINED STEEL PIPE 3 3 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations 3.1 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this specification the following definitions apply.
48、3.1.1 backing steel The outer wall thickness pipe of a clad or lined pipe (for pipe clad on the outside and inside, the backing steel is the core material). NOTE Backing steel is sometimes referred to as base material or steel backing. 3.1.2 clad cladding Refers to a metallurgically bonded CRA layer
49、 produced by roll bonding, weld overlaying, powder metallurgy, or explosively cladding a carbon steel plate or pipe. 3.1.3 CRA layer A general term referring to any internal corrosion-resistant alloy layer. 3.1.4 lined Refers to a mechanically expanded, fitted or installed (“mechanical bond”) CRA layer with a carbon backing steel. 3.1.5 manufacturer As used throughout this specification refers to the firm, company, or corporation responsible for marking the product and warrants that the product conforms to the specification. NOTE The manufacturer may be either a pipe m
