1、Closed Die Forgings for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustryAPI STANDARD 20CSECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2015EFFECTIVE DATE: NOVEMBER 1, 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws a
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11、ould” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard.
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14、this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to th
15、e Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Purpose . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Forging Specification Levels (FSLs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 Qualification Forging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 Qualification Forging Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 Limits of Forging Qualifications
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5 Records of Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Production Forg
23、ings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.1 Qualification of Procurement Sources for Starting Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.2 Material Speci
24、fications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.3 Manufacturing Process Specification (MPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.4 Proc
25、ess Control Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5 Forging Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . 155.6 Inspection, Quality Control, Marking, and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.7 Repair Welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . 165.8 Traceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.9 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.10 Records Type and Retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.11 Handling, Storage, and Shipping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Facility Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.1 Minimum Facility Requirements for the Forging Manufactu
30、rer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.2 Activities Applicable to a Forging Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex A Use of the API Monogram by Licensees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Tables 1 Material Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 As-forged Weight Range Classes (weight in pounds) . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 ASTM E45 Method A Inclusion Rating Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Minimum Facility Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18vContentsPagevi1Closed Die Forgings for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry1 Scope1.1 PurposeThis API standard specifies requirements for the qualification and production of closed die forgings for use in API service comp
34、onents in the petroleum and natural gas industries when referenced by an applicable equipment standard or otherwise specified as a requirement for compliance.1.2 ApplicabilityThis standard is applicable to equipment used in the oil and natural gas industries where service conditions warrant the use
35、of closed die forgings. Examples include pressure-containing or load-bearing components.1.3 Forging Specification Levels (FSLs)This standard establishes requirements for four different FSLs. These FSL designations define different levels of forged product technical, quality, and qualification requir
36、ements.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASTM A3701, Standard
37、 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A388/A388M, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsASTM A604, Standard Practice for Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets ASTM E10, Standard Test Method for Brinell
38、Hardness Test of Metallic Materials ASTM E18, Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness Test of Metallic MaterialsASTM E45, Standard Test Method for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel ASTM E110, Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers
39、 ASTM E112, Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain Size ASTM E165, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryASTM E381, Standard Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms and ForgingsASTM E428, Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Me
40、tal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic TestingASTM E562, Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count1ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, www.astm.org.2API SPECIFICATION 20CASTM E709, Standa
41、rd Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingASTM G48, Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride SolutionANSI/NCSL Z540.32, Requirements for the Calibration of Measuring and Test Equipment DNV-RP-F1123, Design of Dupl
42、ex Stainless Steel Subsea Equipment Exposed to Cathodic ProtectionISO 2859-14, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes-Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection3 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this document
43、, the following definitions apply.3.1 Terms and Definitions3.1.1 acceptance criteriaDefined limits placed on characteristics of materials, processes, products, or services.3.1.2 as-forgedThe condition of a forging as it comes out of the finisher cavity without any subsequent operations.3.1.3 blankA
44、piece of stock for forging that is cut from bar or billet with length to provide the exact amount of material needed for a single forging.3.1.4 bloom/billetA semi-finished, cogged, hot-rolled, or continuous-cast metal product of uniform section, usually rectangular with radiused corners or round.3.1
45、.5 calibrationComparison and adjustment to a standard of known accuracy. 3.1.6 closed die forgingThe shaping of hot metal completely within the walls or cavities of two or more dies that come together to enclose the work piece on all sides. The impression for the forging can be entirely in either di
46、e or divided between the two dies. Impression die forging, often used interchangeably with the term closed die forging, refers to a closed die operation in which the dies contain a provision for controlling the flow of excess material, or flash, that is generated.2NCSL International, 2995 Wilderness
47、 Place, Suite 107, Boulder, Colorado 80301-5404, www.ncsli.org.3Det Norske Veritas, Veritasveien 1, NO-1322 Hovik, Norway, 4International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, www.iso.org.CLOSED DIE FORGINGS FOR USE IN THE PETRO
48、LEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY 33.1.7 cropRemoval of the end(s) of ingot, billet, or bloom that can contain primary pipe or other defects.3.1.8 diesThe metal blocks into which forging impressions are machined and from which forgings are produced.3.1.9 discontinuitiesIncludes cracks, laps, folds, cold
49、 shuts, and flow-through as well as internal defects such as inclusion, segregation, and porosity. Discontinuities are not necessarily considered to be defects. Internal discontinuities can be detected and evaluated using volumetric NDE techniques such as ultrasonic or radiographic examination.3.1.10 final forgingThe last heating and/or deformation operation in the forging sequence.3.1.11 final inspectionThe final dimensional and documentation release of the forging.3.1.12 flakesRandomly oriented internal thermal cracks (shatter cracks) in steels resulting from critical combina
