1、Valve Inspection and TestingAPI STANDARD 598NINTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009Valve Inspection and TestingDownstream SegmentAPI STANDARD 598NINTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, a
2、nd federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained h
3、erein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon p
4、rivately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication a
5、nd hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering
6、and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other
7、practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to th
8、e applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API
9、 Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2009 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product cover
10、ed by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “
11、should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard.
12、 Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. R
13、equests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this
14、 review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Stan
15、dards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Inspect
17、ion, Examination, and Supplementary Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Inspection at the Valve Manufacturers Plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Inspection Outside the Va
18、lve Manufacturers Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Inspection Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Extent of Inspe
19、ction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . 44.6 Supplementary Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Pressure Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Test Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Tests Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 High-pressure Closure Test . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 High-pressure Pneumatic Shell Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 Test Fluid . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . 65.8 Test Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 Test Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Pressure Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 Backseat Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 Shell Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 Low-pressure Closure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.5 High-press
29、ure Closure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.6 Double Block and Bleed High-pressure Closure Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Valve Certific
30、ation and Retesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.1 Certificate of Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
31、7.2 Retesting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Tables1 Pressure Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Pressure Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Shell Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Other Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Duration of Required Test Pressure . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Maximum Allowable Leakage Rates for Closure Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10vNotes to Purchaser1) Deviations from this standard shall be specificall
35、y stated in the purchase order. This requirement includes anydeviation such as those on the following list.2) If no deviations are specified, then the purchase order needs only to specify testing per API 598. 3) If this standard is used for valves not covered by this standard, the purchaser will spe
36、cify the extent to which thestandard is to be applied.Purchaser Specified Deviation Lista) Inspections by the purchaser at the valve manufacturers plant (see 4.1).b) Inspections by the purchaser outside the valve manufacturers plant (see 4.2).c) Address for inspection notices (see 4.3).d) Any supple
37、mentary examination required (see 4.6).e) Type of backseat test (see 5.3.2).f) Low-pressure closure test (see 5.3.3, 5.3.4 and 6.4).g) High-pressure closure test (see 5.3.3, 5.3.4, 5.4 and 6.5).h) High-pressure pneumatic shell test (see 5.5).i) Double block and bleed high-pressure closure test (see
38、6.6).j) Test fluid (see 5.6). k) Use of a wetting agent in the test water (see 5.6.4).l) Certificate of compliance (see 7.1).vi1Valve Inspection and Testing1Scope1.1 This standard covers inspection, examination, supplementary examinations, and pressure test requirements forresilient-seated, nonmetal
39、lic-seated (e.g. ceramic), and metal-to-metal-seated valves of the gate, globe, plug, ball,check, and butterfly types. Resilient seats are considered to be:a) soft seats, both solid and semi-solid grease type (e.g. lubricated plug);b) combination soft and metal seats;c) any other type valve designed
40、 to meet resilient seat leakage rates as specified in Table 6.API 598 supplements the API standards that reference it, but it may also be applied to other types of valves byagreement between the purchaser and the valve manufacturer.1.2 The inspection requirements pertain to examinations and testing
41、by the valve manufacturer and anysupplementary examinations that the purchaser may require at the valve manufacturers plant. The test requirementscover both required and optional pressure tests at the valve manufacturers plant, or at a facility mutually agreeable toboth the manufacturer and purchase
42、r.1.3 The following tests and examinations are specified in this standard:a) shell test,b) backseat test,c) low-pressure closure test,d) high-pressure closure test,e) double block and bleed high-pressure closure test,f) visual examination of castings by the manufacturer,g) high-pressure pneumatic sh
43、ell test.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies. API Standard 594, Ch
44、eck Valves: Flanged, Lug, Wafer and Butt-weldingAPI Standard 599, Metal Plug ValvesFlanged, Threaded and Welding EndsAPI Standard 600, Steel Gate ValvesFlanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted BonnetsAPI Standard 602, Steel Gate, Globe and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 and Smaller for the Petroleum and
45、 NaturalGas Industries2 API STANDARD 598API Standard 603, Corrosion-Resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate ValvesFlanged and Butt-Welding EndsAPI Standard 608, Metal Ball ValvesFlanged, Threaded and Butt-Welding EndsAPI Standard 609, Butterfly Valves: Double-flanged, Lug- and Wafer-typeAPI Recommended Practi
46、ce 591, Process Valve Qualification ProcedureAPI Recommended Practice 621, Reconditioning of Metallic Gate, Globe, and Check ValvesASME B16.11 1, Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and ThreadedASME B16.34, ValvesFlanged, Threaded, and Welding EndMSS SP-45 2, Bypass and Drain ConnectionsMSS SP-55, Quali
47、ty Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping ComponentsVisual Method for Evaluation of Surface IrregularitiesMSS SP-91, Guidelines for Manual Operation of Valves3 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1backseat t
48、estA pressure test used to verify leakage past the stem or shaft to bonnet seal (backseat).3.2classA dimensionless number used to designate the pressure-temperature rating of a valve or piping component.3.3closure testPressure test used to confirm leakage past or through a valves closure mechanism.3
49、.4cold working pressureCWPRated pressure at ambient temperature.3.5diameter nominalDNAn alpha numeric designation of size that is common for components used in a piping system, used for referencepurposes, comprising the letters DN followed by a dimensionless number indirectly related to the physical size of thebore or outside diameter of the end connection as appropriate. The dimensionless number following DN does notrepresent a measurable value and is not used for calculation purposes except where specified in ASME B16.34. DNusage is applicable to steel valves bearing PN des
