1、Standard Guide for Sediment and Water Determination in Crude OilAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 2573FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be revi
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17、treet, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、26 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Appendix X1 (Nonmandatory Information) Sediment and Water Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Ta
21、blesX1.1 Water Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6X1.2 Sediment Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.3 Sediment and Water Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7vDesignation: D7829 131Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Technical Report 2573Standard Guide fo
23、rSediment and Water Determination in Crude Oil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
24、 reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAPI information was added editorially in September 2013.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a summary of the water and sedimentdetermination methods from the API MPMS Chapter 10 forcrude oils. The
25、 purpose of this guide is to provide a quickreference to these methodologies such that the reader can makethe appropriate decision regarding which method to use basedon the associated benefits, uses, drawbacks and limitations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other
26、units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of r
27、egulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oilsby the Extraction Method (API MPMS Chapter 10.1)D4006 Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation(API MPMS Chapter 10.2)D4007 Test Method for Water and Sedime
28、nt in Crude Oil bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) (APIMPMS Chapter 10.3)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D4377 Test Method for Water
29、in Crude Oils by Potentiomet-ric Karl Fischer TitrationD4807 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Mem-brane FiltrationD4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by CoulometricKarl Fischer TitrationD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPM
30、S Chap-ter 8.3)2.2 API Standards:3API MPMS Chapter 8.1 Standard Practice for Manual Sam-pling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTMD4057)API MPMS Chapter 8.2 Standard Practice for AutomaticSampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTMD4177)API MPMS Chapter 8.3 Standard Practice for Mixing a
31、ndHandling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and PetroleumProducts (ASTM D5854)MPMS Chapter 10.1 Standard Test Method for Sediment inCrude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method(ASTM D473)MPMS Chapter 10.2 Standard Test Method for Water inCrude Oil by Distillation (ASTM D4006)MPMS Chapter 10.3 Sta
32、ndard Test Method for Water andSediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Labo-ratory Procedure) (ASTM D4007)MPMS Chapter 10.4 Determination of Water and/or Sedi-ment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (FieldProcedure)MPMS Chapter 10.7 Standard Test Method for Water inCrude Oils by Potentiom
33、etric Karl Fischer Titration(D4377)MPMS Chapter 10.8 Standard Test Method for Sediment inCrude Oil by Membrane Filtration (D4807)MPMS Chapter 10.9 Standard Test Method for Water inCrude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration (D4928)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on P
34、etroleumProducts and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement, and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTM-APICommittee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published July 2013. DOI: 1
35、0.1520/D7829-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Petroleum Institu
36、te (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.C13. Significance and Use3.1 Theoretically, all of the sediment and water determina-tion methods are valid for crude oils containing from 0 to100 % by volume sediment and water; the range of applicationis specified within the sco
37、pe of each method. The round robinsfor all methods were conducted on relatively dry oil. Allprecision and bias statements included in the methods arebased upon the round robin data. Analysis becomes morechallenging with crude oils containing higher water contentsdue to the difficulty in obtaining a
38、representative sample, andmaintaining the sample quality until analysis begins.3.2 Currently, Karl Fischer is generally used for dry crudeoils containing less than 5 % water. Distillation is mostcommonly used for dry and wet crude oils and where separatesediment analysis is available or in situation
39、s where thesediment result is not significant. The laboratory centrifugemethods allow for determination of total sediment and water ina single analysis. The field centrifuge method is used whenaccess to controlled laboratory conditions are not available.3.3 In the event of a dispute with regard to s
40、ediment andwater content, contracting parties may refer to the technicalspecifications table to determine the most appropriate refereemethod based upon knowledge of and experience with thecrude oil or product stream.4. Procedure4.1 To obtain the total sediment and water results when thetwo are deter
41、mined by separate methods: First, add the raw,unrounded results together, and then round the sum to thecorrect significant figure.4.2 It is critically important that the analytical samples arecollected and handled with careful regard to ensure that theyare representative of the entire parcel. The cr
42、ude oil or productstream should be homogenous at the sampling point, and thesample properly mixed prior to analysis. Sub-samples shouldnot be allowed to settle prior to transfer into an analyticaldevice such as a centrifuge tube, distillation apparatus, orextraction thimble. Refer to API MPMS Chapte
43、r 8.1 (ASTMD4057) Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleumand Petroleum Products, API MPMS Chapter 8.2 (ASTMD4177) Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petro-leum and Petroleum Products, API MPMS, and Chapter 8.3(ASTM D5854) Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling ofLiquid Samples
44、 of Petroleum and Petroleum Products forappropriate sample collection and mixing.4.3 It is imperative that every sample is mixed sufficiently toensure that it is homogeneous. However, with prolongedmixing the temperature of the sample will increase. This willdecrease the representative nature of the
45、 sample due toevaporative losses. The mixing system must be evaluated todetermine that the mixing time is sufficient without unduetemperature increases.4.4 Sampling error can be a source of bias in analyticalmethods. This is reflected in the precision and bias statementfor each method, but it should
46、 be considered when evaluatingmethods. A larger sample size will increase the probability thata sample is representative of the entire parcel and can minimizethe potential bias arising from a less homogenous samplestream. Measuring sample size by weight using an analyticalbalance is not subject to h
47、uman error; measuring sample sizeby volume using analytical glassware is a source of humanerror.4.5 When sample size is determined by weight, consider thetype of analytical balance used to weigh the sample. Ensurethat the resolution is appropriate, having sufficient significantfigures, for the analy
48、sis.5. ReportWater Only Determination Methods5.1 MPMS Chapter 10.4, Determination of Water and/orSediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (FieldProcedure):NOTE 1ASTM Test Methods D96 for Water and Sediment in CrudeOil By Centrifuge (Field Procedure), the technically equivalent ASTMstandard was
49、 withdrawn without replacement in 2000.5.1.1 Range of Application:5.1.1.1 There is no approved precision and bias statementfor this method.5.1.1.2 The practical minimum detection limit is 0.025 %v/v water. Lower concentrations of water should be reported asless than 0.025 % v/v or 0 % v/v.5.1.1.3 This scope of the method indicates that it applies tocrude oil, there is no water content specified in the scope.5.1.2 Interferences, Biases, and Limitations:5.1.2.1 The round robin for this method was conducted forcombined sediment and water, not the sediment or waterfractions separate
