1、Field Testing Protocol for Characterization of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Organics (TGNMO), Methane, and Ethane in AirVapor Mixture During Filling of a Cargo Vessel with Crude OilAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 2574 FIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general
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14、ement of letters patent.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Field Sampling Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 General . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 Sampling Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . 22.3 Water Condensate Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 VOC Condensate Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 Metering Valve and Rate Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 Sample Canister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 Mercury Manometer or Absolute Pressure Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.8 Vacuum Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Sampling Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Time-Integrated Field Sampling Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 Sampling Train Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 Sample Train Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.3 Sample Train Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Instantaneous Field Sampling Procedure . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.1 Sampling Train Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.2 Sampling Train Operation. . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.3 Sampling Train Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Nomenclature and Calc
26、ulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 146.2 Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.3 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Annex A (informative) Federal Reference Method 25 (FRM 25) Determination of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Organic Emissions as Carbon (Abridged and Modified) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Annex B (informative) Protocol for Sampling and A
29、nalysis of Vapors from Marine Loading of Crude Oil: Field Testing for Proof-of-Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Annex C (informative) Analytical Sample Canister Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . 45Annex D (informative) Laboratory Analytical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Figures1 Analytical Diagram of Gas Chromatograph (CG), Oxidizing and Reducing Catalysts, and Flame Ionization Detector (FID) Specified in FRM 25 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Analytical Chromatogram Assoc
32、iated With FRM 25 Analysis for Quantifying TGNMO, Methane, and Ethane Emissions in an AirVapor Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Typical Time-Integrated Sampling Train Used for Measuring TGNMO, Methane, and Ethane in AirVapor Mixture During Fillin
33、g of a Cargo Vessel with Crude Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Close-up View of Water Condensate Trap and VOC Condensate Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5B.1 Meteorological Data: New Orleans Lakefront, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36B.2 Meteorological Data: Baton Rouge, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36B.1 Barge Hatch with Sampling Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37vPageB.2 TGNMOC Concentration (ppm) vs Time (hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39B.3 Methane Concentration (ppm) vs Time (hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39B.4 Ethane Concentration (ppm) vs Time (hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Tables1 Various Project Activities to be Completed by Host Facility and Testing Contractor. . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . 62 Various Project (Sampling) Activities to be Completed by Host Facility and Testing Contractor . . . . . . 83 Various Project (Clean up) Activities to be Completed by Host Facility and Testing Contractor . . . . . . . 84 QC Checklist Associated with Sampling and Analytical Even
38、t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 QC Checklist for Equipment and Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Field Test Data Sheet (FTDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B.1 Results for Only Location at Which Both Grab Samples and a Valid Integrated Sample Were Obtained . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . 40B.2 Results From Other Sample Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B.3 Summary of Data Comparing Grab Sample Average Results to All Integrated Sample Results Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B.4 Barge A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43B.5 Barge B .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44vi1Field Testing Protocol for Characterization of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Organics (TGNMO), Methane, and Ethane in airvapor Mixture During Fi
43、lling of a Cargo Vessel with Crude Oil1 Scope1.1 ApplicabilityThis method applies to the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) as total gaseous nonmethane organics (TGNMO), methane and ethane from the airvapor mixture that is expelled during filling of a cargo vessel with crude oil. This p
44、rotocol utilizes a modified version of U.S. EPA Federal Reference Method 25 (FRM 25) entitled: “Determination of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Organic Emissions as Carbon.” Annex A contains an abridged and modified version of FRM 25 to meet specific project quality objectives (PQOs).While the field testi
45、ng in support of this protocol (see Annex B, Annex C, and Annex D) was performed only for the loading of crude oil into barges, the method could be suitable for loading of any volatile organic liquid into any type of vessel or compartment from which vapors are exhausted through a single vent opening
46、 where the field sampling can take place.The objective of this field testing protocol is to provide standardized testing methodology for quantifying TGNMO, methane and ethane emissions in the airvapor mixture that is expelled from cargo compartments during filling with crude oil.The characteristics
47、and composition of the airvapor mixture expelled from a cargo vessel into the atmosphere during filling with crude oil is dependent upon the characteristics of the crude oil, including such variables as volatility, temperature, etc. The changing characteristics of the exhausted airvapor mixture can
48、affect the application of FRM 25 in quantifying the concentration of TGNMO, methane, and ethane in the airvapor mixture. This field testing protocol provides guidance on utilizing various configurations of FRM 25 in the characterization process. They are: Time-Integrated Sampling: The traditional FR
49、M 25 sampling train configuration is used but modified by adding a water condensate trap in front of the volatile organic compound (VOC) condensate trap to drop out the water content found in the airvapor mixture. The water condensate trap prevents freezing of the VOC condensate trap by the water molecules which would lead to reduced gas flow through the sampling system. Instantaneous Sample: In this configuration, the FRM 25 condensate trap(s) i.e. water and VOC traps are removed from the sampling train and instantaneous samples of the airvapor mixture are acquired period
