1、Impact of Hydrogen Embrittlement on Minimum Pressurization Temperature for Thick-wall Cr-Mo Steel Reactors in High-pressure H2 ServiceInitial Technical Basis for RP 934-FAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 934-F, PART 1FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2017Impact of Hydrogen Embrittlement on Minimum Pressurization Temperat
2、ure for Thick-wall Cr-Mo Steel Reactors in High-pressure H2 ServiceInitial Technical Basis for RP 934-FAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 934-F, PART 1FIRST EDITION, 6(37(0%(5 2017Prepared under contract for API by:Dr. Richard P. GangloffEmeritus Ferman W. Perry Professor of Materials Science and EngineeringDepar
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16、shington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPageExecutive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Objective and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Technical Analysis. . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
20、Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Figures1 Effect of loading format on: (top) the threshold for IHAC and (bottom) the growth rate vs stress intensity factor re
21、lationship for a modern pure 2Cr-1Mo steel containing 5 wppm predissolved H (CH-Total) and stressed at 23 C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 The effect of measured predissolved total H concentration (CH-Total)
22、 on KIH forthe onset of IHAC under rising CMOD (dK/dt = 0.007 MPa m) for laboratory step-cooled 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal of several purity levels and tested at 23 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 The effect of test temperature on KIH for the onset of IHAC under ris
23、ing CMOD (dK/dt = 0.007 MPa m)for 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal of moderate purity and a single CH-Total of 5 wppm . . . . . . . 34 The slotted compact tension specimen developed in Phase II for laboratory characterization of KIH and da/dt vs K for IHAC without H loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Crack growth rate vs applied stress intensity for the slotted compact tension specimens of 2 Cr-1Mo weld metal stressed under slow-rising CMOD at 25 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Effect of
25、temperature on the rising CMOD threshold, KIH, for standard H2-precharged specimens of 2Cr-1Mo weld metal from Figure 3, as well as for the slotted compact tension specimen with three levels of electrochemically fixed total H concentration; 3.0 wppm (0.5 M H2SO4 + 103 M K2SO4,5.0 mA/cm2), 1.8 wppm (
26、0.1 M NaOH, 15 mA/cm2), and 1.1 wppm (0.5 M H2SO4,10 mA/cm2) on the slot surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Effect of applied dK/dt, during rising CMOD, on KIH fo
27、r low-J factor base plate and both low and moderate XB factor weld metal of 2Cr-1Mo steel, containing either 5 wppm or 3 wppm of precharged H (CH-Total) and stressed at 23 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 An ex
28、ample of the intended pressurization vs temperature profile for safe-reactor startup, with the MPT of 150 C established to minimize the likelihood of both catastrophic fracture due to temper embrittlement and subcritical crack propagation due to IHAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . 89 Critical temperature for IHAC vs total dissolved H concentration, predicted specifically for a compact tension specimen fabricated from moderate-purity (“High Impurity”) 2Cr-1Mo weld metal. . . . . . . . . . 910 Correlation between measured KIH vs model-predicted concentratio
30、n of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field, at a reference distance of GFPZ = 9 m ahead of the tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal subjected to laboratory step cooling to promote a typical level of
31、temper embrittlement . . . . . . . . . . . 14vContentsPage11 Correlation between measured KIH vs model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 59 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field, at a reference distance of GFPZ = 9 m ahead of the
32、tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal subjected to laboratory step cooling to promote a typical level of temper embrittlement . . . . . . 1512 Literature data for the effective diffusivity of H in the presence of trapping effects, DEff, for 2Cr-1Mo weld metal (WM SMAW and WM SAW)
33、 and base plate (MB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 Amplification of the Figure 10 correlation between measured KIH and model-predicted concentration of H, CTV (EB = 38 kJ/mol) at a reference distance of GFPZ = 9 m ahead of the tip for two similar heats of moderate-purity
34、 2Cr-1Mo weld metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2514 Schematic diagram of the H concentration profile likely to be present in a stainless steel clad Cr-Mo steel reactor wall, after programmed outgassing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2615 Figure 10 correlation between measured KIH vs model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field, at an FPZ reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip
36、 for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo steel. . . . . . . . . . 2816 Model-predicted critical temperature for a cracked compact tension specimen of Cr-Mo steel, fabricated from either weld metal or base plate of moderate purity and H2 precharged to produce a homogeneously distributed total H concentration ava
37、ilable for diffusion to the crack tip during loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2917 Standard Phase I compact tension specimen (1T-CT, 25 mm thick) and the novel 90-mm-thick compact tension speci
38、men employed by Japan Steel Works researchers for Phase II IHAC laboratory testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3218 Measured values of KIH as a function of test temperature for 90-mm-thi
39、ck compact tension specimens of 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal subjected to slow-rising displacement rate at the indicated levels of dK/dt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3319 The effect of test temperature on the ex
40、tent of subcritical IHAC produced by slow-rising CMOD of 90-mm-thick compact tension specimens of H2-precharged 2Cr-1Mo Phase II weld metal (, dK/dt = 0.014 MPa m/s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3420 Correlation between mea
41、sured KIH vs the 2-D finite element model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tiphydrostatic stress field, at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3821 Correlation between measured KIH vs the 2-D finite element model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tiphydrostatic
43、stress field, at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3922 Replot of the data presented in Figure 18, intended to show that KIC
44、is very high for H-free 2Cr-1Mo steel, even when temper embrittled, provided that temperatures are greater than upper shelf values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4023 Phase I steels examined showin
45、g the three broad categories of degree of temper embrittlement represented by Charpy impact FATT range for both weld metal and base plate of 2Cr-1Mo steel . 4124 High-purity 2Cr-1Mo steels examined in JIP Phase I research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43viContentsPag
46、e25 Experimentally measured dependence of KIH on total dissolved H concentration from high-temperature precharging in high-pressure H2 for high-purity and laboratory step-cooled 2Cr-1Mo weld metal and base plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. 4426 Experimentally measured dependence of KIH on total dissolved H concentration from high-temperature precharging in high-pressure H2 for high-purity and laboratory step-cooled 2Cr-1Mo weld metal and base plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . 4527 Correlation between measured KIH vs the concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field (VH = 2.5VYS and VHVH = 2.5 kJ/mol), at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for modern h
49、igher-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal data presented in Figure 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4728 Correlation between measured KIH vs the concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field (VH = 2.5VYS and VHVH = 2.5 kJ/mol), at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for the low-FATT 2 Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal data presented in Fi
