1、Printed in U.S.A.A SS EAMERICAN SOCIETY OFSAFETY ENGINEERSAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDANSI/ASSE A10.18 2007 (R2012)ANSI/ASSE A10.18 2007 (R2012) Safety Requirements for Temporary Roof and Floor Holes,Wall Openings, Stairways, and Other Unprotected Edges in Construction and Demolition OperationsAmerica
2、n National Standardfor Construction and Demolition OperationsANSI/ASSE A10.18 2007 (R2012)The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredit
3、ed A10 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the A10 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations w
4、ill protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property. ANSI ANSI/ASSE A10.18 2007 (R2012) American National Standard Construction and Demolition Operations Safety Requirements for Temporary Roof and Floor Holes, Wall Openings, Stairways, and Other Unprotected Edges in Construction an
5、d Demolition Operations Secretariat American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 East Oakton Street Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 Approved July 3, 2012 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due pr
6、ocess, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much mor
7、e than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyon
8、e, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any
9、American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on
10、the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American Natio
11、nal Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published September 2012 by American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 East Oakton Street Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2012 by Amer
12、ican Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America American National Standard Foreword (This Fo
13、reword is not a part of American National Standard A10.18-2007 (R2012).) This standard is one of a series of safety standards that have been formulated by the Accredited Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demolition Operations, A10. It is expected that the standards in the A10 series
14、will find a major application in industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor, and equipment manufacturers. For the convenience of users, a list of existing and proposed standards in the A10 series for Safety Requirements in Construction and Demolition Operations follows. A10.1 Pre-Project als
15、o a void or gap 2 inches (5.1cm) or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof or other walking/working surface through which people, equipment or material may fall. 2.7 Inactive Leading Edge. An inactive leading edge is considered to be an unprotected side and edge of leading edge work during pe
16、riods when it is not actively and continuously under construction. 2.8 Leading Edge. The unprotected side or edge during periods when it is actively or continuously under construction. 2.9 Opening. A void or gap 30 or more inches (76.2cm) high and 18 or more inches (45.7cm) wide in a vertical surfac
17、e, such as a wall or partition through which people may fall. 2.10 Platform. An elevated floor or horizontal surface raised above the level of an adjacent area. 2.11 Roof, Low-Sloped. A roof with a maximum slope of 4 inches (10.2cm) vertical in 12 inches (30.5cm) horizontal. 2.12 Runway. A passagewa
18、y above the surrounding floor or ground level. 2.13 Shall. Denotes a mandatory requirement. 2.14 Should. The word should is to be understood as advisory. 2.15 Skylight. A roof accessory that may consist of a flat panel or a domed configuration, and is made of transparent or translucent materials to
19、transmit light into the interior of buildings. Skylights are not designed to be load-bearing structures and should not be stepped, jumped, walked or sat on. 2.16 Stairway. One or more flights of stairs and the necessary landings and platforms connecting them, which form a continuous and uninterrupte
20、d passage from one floor to another. 2.17 Standby Person. An employee whose job duty is to alert other employees to hazards, such as open holes, unprotected skylights or unprotected edges, that are in the vicinity of their active working area. 2.18 Toeboard. A floor-level barrier, which is usually p
21、art of a guardrail system, installed along unprotected edges to prevent people, equipment and materials from falling to a lower level. 2.19 Unprotected Edge. The side or edge of a floor, platform, roof, ramp, runway or other walking/working surface (except at a point of access or exterior trench) wh
22、ere no barrier 39 or more inches (99.1cm) high exists. 2.20 Walking/Working Surface. Floor, stairway, roof, runway, elevated platform or other surface on which persons walk or work. 3. GUARDING UNPROTECTED EDGES ON WALKING / WORKING SURFACES 3.1 Guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems or saf
23、ety net systems shall be used at unprotected sides and edges, including floor perimeters and roofs on walking/working surfaces 6 or more feet (182.9cm) above an adjacent floor or ground level (i.e., lower levels). 3.2 During the installation of protective systems for edges and holes, workers install
24、ing protective systems and workers other than those installing the protective systems shall use personal fall arrest systems or be warned of the need to avoid the area. Warning can be provided by the use of wood, tape or rope barricades, signs, a standby person or an equivalent practice. AMERICAN NA
25、TIONAL STANDARD A10.18-2007 (R2012) 12 4. GUARDRAIL SYSTEMS 4.1 Construction. The guardrail system may be constructed of materials such as wire rope, pipe, wood or plastic that meets the requirements given in 4.1.1 through 4.1.4. The guardrail shall be free of sharp edges, splinters or similar condi
26、tions that may cause injury. Guardrail systems shall be selected and installed by or under the supervision of a competent person. 4.1.1 Guardrail systems shall be constructed to provide protection for open and unprotected sides and edges, and inactive leading edge work. Where guardrail systems are i
27、nstalled for inactive leading edges, provisions shall be made to secure decking, grating or floor panels up to the guardrail. 4.1.2 The top rail shall be 42 inches (106.7cm) plus or minus 3 inches (7.6cm) higher than the finished walking/working surface. 4.1.2.1 If the guardrail system material is w
28、ire rope or other material less than 3/8-inch (0.95cm) nominal thickness or diameter, the top rail shall be flagged at not more than 6-foot (182.9cm) intervals with high-visibility material. 4.1.3 A midrail (or equivalent protection such as screens, mesh, vertical members or panels) shall be install
29、ed midway between the top rail and the walking/working surface. 4.1.4 The guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding a force of at least 200 pounds (890N) applied to the top rail at any point in an outward or downward direction and shall not deflect more than 3 inches (7.6cm) in any direction
30、. 4.1.4.1 Guardrails shall not be utilized as anchorage points for the securing of lanyards of personal fall arrest systems unless the guardrail system is designed to meet the anchorage requirements for personal fall arrest systems. Such anchor-ages must be capable of supporting at least 5,000 pound
31、s (22.2kN) per employee attached (OSHA 29 CFR 1926.502(d)(15). 4.1.5 Where there is a danger of tools, materials or other objects falling from the open side of a floor, platform, roof, ramp, runway or other walking/working surfaces, a toeboard shall be installed. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 3-1/
32、2 inches (8.9cm) in vertical height from their top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. They shall be securely fastened and shall not have more than 1/4-inch (0.64cm) clearance above the walking/ working surface. They shall be solid or have openings not over 1 inch (2.54cm) in greatest
33、dimension. 4.2 Removal. Whenever a guardrail system is removed to handle material or to install other work, personal fall arrest systems shall be provided to exposed employees. Immediately upon completion of such work, the guardrail system components shall be replaced. 5. GUARDING STAIRWAYS 5.1 Inst
34、allation. All permanent stair-ways, handrails and guardrails meeting the requirements of existing building codes shall be installed immediately upon commencing work or as soon as practical. 5.2 Open-Sided Stairways and Landings. A guardrail system shall be installed along the open-side(s) of stairwa
35、ys and landings as specified in Section 4. 5.2.1 Toeboards are required on stair landings when there is a hazard of tools or materials being kicked off the landing and possibly striking workers on a lower level. 5.3 Handrails on Stairways. Stair-ways shall be provided with at least one handrail, pre
36、ferably on the right side, while descending (see Section 6). AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.18-2007 (R2012) 13 5.3.1 A top rail of a guardrail system may serve as the handrail if it meets the requirements of Section 6. 5.4 Metal-Pan Stair Treads and Landings. When metal-pan type stair treads and lan
37、dings are used, they shall be filled with lumber or equivalent material for the full length, width and depth of the pan. The filler shall be maintained in place and in good repair until the concrete is placed. This requirement shall not apply during the period of installation of the stairways, but s
38、hall be done prior to use for access to work areas. 5.5 Stair Illumination. All stairways shall be illuminated by not less than five foot-candles of natural or artificial light when they are in use. 5.6 Gates and Doors. Where doors or gates open directly onto a stairway, a platform must be provided
39、that extends at least 20 inches (50.8cm) beyond the swing of the door. 6. HANDRAIL CONSTRUCTION 6.1 A handrail shall be installed so that it is capable of withstanding a force of at least 200 pounds (890N) applied at any point in an outward or downward direction and shall not deflect more than 3 inc
40、hes (7.6cm) in any direction. 6.2 The height of handrails shall be between 36 inches (91.4cm) and 37 inches (94.0cm) above the nosing of the tread or the surface of a ramp. 6.3 Handrails shall provide a handhold for people grasping them to avoid falling. 6.3.1 The diameter or width of the handrail s
41、hall be 1-1/4 inches to 1-1/2 inches (3.2cm to 3.8cm) or the shape shall provide an equivalent gripping surface. 6.3.2 All handrails that will not be a permanent part of the structure shall be provided with a continuous clearance of not less than 3 inches (7.2cm) between the handrail and any other o
42、bject. 7. GUARDING HOLES, OPENINGS, LADDERWAYS, ELEVATOR SHAFTS AND HOISTWAYS 7.1 Holes. All roof and floor holes, as well as skylights both completed and under construction, shall be protected or attended. Protection shall be provided by a hole cover or guardrail system. A standby person may be use
43、d to warn other people until permanent protection is installed. A personal fall arrest system shall be used by the standby person when the hole is large enough for a person to fall through unless the standby person can be positioned away from the hole so as not to be exposed to a fall hazard, and ye
44、t is still able to complete the job duties. 7.1.1 Hole Covers. 7.1.1.1 Hole covers shall be secured against accidental displacement and shall require a deliberate act to remove. Refer to Appendix A for guidance. 7.1.1.2 Hole covers shall be clearly identified as a hole cover utilizing color codes, a
45、ppropriate written warnings such as “Warning: Open Hole” or an appropriate warning symbol. 7.1.1.3 Hole covers shall support, without failure, at least twice the weight of employees, equipment and materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time (OSHA 29 CFR 1926.502(i)(2). 7.1.1.4 Trench
46、and Manhole Covers and Supports. Trench, manhole covers and their supports, when located in construction roadways, shall be designed to carry at least twice the maximum intended load. 7.2 Openings. Guardrail systems (see Section 4) shall be erected to protect people from falling through or into wall
47、 openings AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.18-2007 (R2012) 14 where the outside bottom edge of a wall opening is 6 feet (182.9cm) or more above lower levels and the inside bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39 inches (99.1cm) above the walking/working surface. 7.3 Ladderways. Ladderway holes
48、 shall be protected by a guardrail on all exposed sides (except at the entrance to the opening, see Section 4) with passage through the guardrail protected by a swinging gate, chain or an offset so as to prevent people from walking directly into the opening. 7.4 Elevator Shafts and Hoistways. Where
49、there are active, permanent elevators or active, permanent hoistways piercing a solid floor, and they are adjacent to areas permitting passage of personnel during construction or demolition activity, employees shall be protected from elevator or hoist movement by: 1. The installation or mainte-nance of permanent walls; and/or 2. The installation or mainte-nance of the permanent and fully functioning doors (to include all safety devices); or 3. Temporarily enclosing shaft openings. 7.4.1 Temporary Enclosures. Tempor-ary enclosures shall be constructed such that they shall: 1. Be
