1、An American National StandardPublished by the American Nuclear Society 555 N. Kensington AveLa Grange Park, IL 60526ANSI/ANS-2015HWHUPLQLQJ0HWHRURORJLFDO,QIRUPDWLRQDW1XFOHDU)DFLOLWLHVANSI/ANS-2015ANSI/ANS-3.11-2015American National StandardDetermining MeteorologicalInformation at Nuclear FacilitiesS
2、ecretariatAmerican Nuclear SocietyPrepared by theAmerican Nuclear SocietyStandards CommitteeWorking Group ANS-3.11Published by the American Nuclear Society555 North Kensington AvenueLa Grange Park, Illinois 60526 USAApproved August 20, 2015by theAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.American Na
3、tional Standard ANSI/ANS-3.11-2015American National StandardDesignation of this document as an American National Standard attests that the principles of openness and due process have been followed in the approval procedure and that a consensus of those directly and materially affected by the standar
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16、he following:(1) the name, company name if applicable, mailing address, and telephone number of the inquirer;(2) reference to the applicable standard edition, section, paragraph, gure, and/or table;(3) the purposes of the inquiry; (4) the inquiry stated in a clear, concise manner; (5) a proposed rep
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18、2015i(This foreword is not a part of American National Standard, “Determining Meteorologi-cal Information at Nuclear Facilities,” ANSI/ANS-3.11-2015.)Meteorological data collected at nuclear facilities play an important role in determining the effects of radiological and toxic chemical ef uents on w
19、orkers, facilities, the public, and the environment; and these data have many other useful applications, such as deter-mining the effects of non-radiological/non-toxic water vapor releases (e.g., cooling tower plumes) and implementing emergency response plan Emergency Action Levels (e.g., in instanc
20、es of high winds). Accordingly, meteorological program design should be based on the needs and objectives of the facility and the guiding principles for making accurate and valid meteorological measurements. ANSI/ANS-2.5-1984 (R1990) (withdrawn), “Deter-mining Meteorological Information at Nuclear P
21、ower Sites,” was issued in 1984 to address nuclear power facility meteorological data acquisition programs. ANSI/ANS-2.5-1984 (R1990) (withdrawn) was referenced by second proposed Revision 1 to Regulatory Guide 1.23, “Meteorological Measurement Program for Nuclear Power Plants.” ANSI/ANS-2.5-1984 (R
22、1990) (withdrawn) was, however, narrowly focused on commercial nuclear power plant siting considerations and did not provide adequate guidance on meteorological data application from startup to operations to decommissioning (i.e., life cycle). In 1996, the Nuclear Utility Meteorological Data Users G
23、roup and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Meteorological Coordinating Council jointly undertook comprehensive reviews of the applicability of ANSI/ANS-2.5-1984 (R1990) (withdrawn) and recom-mended major re nements in the following areas:(1) operational data applications (especially emergency prep
24、aredness) in addition to siting applications;(2) availability of guidance for both public and private sector entities;(3) life cycle considerations of meteorological monitoring systems;(4) the need to monitor multiple locations to acquire suf cient data for models to characterize three-dimensional o
25、ws in regions of complex terrain;(5) inclusion of state-of-the-art meteorological monitoring equipment, including re-mote sensing instrumentation.The meteorological data that are acquired, according to ANSI/ANS-2.5-1984 (R1990) (withdrawn) principles, are primarily used in supporting licensing appli
26、cations of com-mercial nuclear power plants. More common operational applications to support pro-tection of the health and safety of site personnel and the public, such as emergency preparedness consequence assessments and environmental compliance analyses, were not addressed because these programs
27、had not fully matured at that time. Meteorological data required to support consequence assessments associated with emergency response differ signi cantly from the archived data used for climate characterization, environmen-tal impact assessment, and compliance analysis purposes in that data must be
28、 available in real time. Real-time meteorological data availability may require signi cant upgrades to existing monitoring systems to limit data loss and to focus attention on the diurnal and seasonal effects that complex terrain, if present, have on the meteorological wind elds (and therefore plume
29、 trajectory) in the region of transport.Nuclear facilities in the public sector and non-regulatory domains of the DOE and the U.S. Department of Defense were not represented in ANSI/ANS-2.5-1984 (R1990) (withdrawn). Government agencies resorted to issuing their own technical guidance (such as “Envir
30、onmental Radiological Ef uent Monitoring and Environmental Surveillance Handbook,” DOE-HDBK-1216-2015, in which Chapter 5 addressed meteorological mea-surements). The need to develop a standard that was also applicable to the public sector ForewordAmerican National Standard ANSI/ANS-3.11-2015iiwas e
31、nhanced by the recent DOE initiative, through its Technical Standards Program, which set a goal of operating DOE facilities under voluntary standards by 2000, in com-pliance with the Federal guidance contained in the Of ce of Management and Budgets circular OMB-119A, “Federal Participation in the De
32、velopment and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities.”Meteorological data monitored at public sector nuclear facilities are used for(1) routine radiological and chemical release consequence analyses;(2) operating procedures, with respect to severe weather;(3) op
33、erations and maintenance considerations for heat sinks (e.g., cooling towers, ponds);(4) real-time consequence assessments of accidental releases of radiological and chemical species;(5) potential environmental and control room habitability impacts resulting from de-sign-basis accidents from project
34、ed new facilities or from modi cations to exist-ing facilities.The use of meteorological data can also play an important role in various types of envi-ronmental, decontamination and decommissioning, air quality, wind loading, and engi-neering studies. Other uses of meteorological data include assess
35、ments of environmental remediation activities, industrial hygiene, construction, and waste management. Ideally, meteorological data needed to design or evaluate nuclear facilities complying with the requirements of ANSI/ANS-2.3-2011, “Estimating Tornado, Hurricane and Extreme Straight Line Wind Char
36、acteristics at Nuclear Facilities,” and other applicable standards should be collected and analyzed in accordance with this standard. A comprehensive meteorological monitoring system requires instrumentation that will meet the program-matic purposes for which it is intended.Meteorological measuremen
37、ts are most commonly taken with in situ sensors that are mounted on towers and are directly in contact with the atmosphere. Additionally, atmo-spheric properties can be inferred with “remote” sensors, which emit or propagate elec-tromagnetic or acoustic waves into the atmosphere. The criteria for up
38、grading a sensor include improved accuracy, durability, and/or dependability, or a decrease in required maintenance that would increase the level of data recovery and cost-effectiveness of the measurement system while maintaining or improving appropriate measurement capabili-ties. When it becomes ne
39、cessary to replace, upgrade, or supplement the meteorological monitoring system equipment, the most effective technology available that is appropri-ate to meet the objectives is normally employed. In the case where a new type of sensor replaces an existing sensor, a demonstration of the effectivenes
40、s of the new sensor is necessary before the replacement is completed (see ASTM D4430-96, “Standard Practice for Determining the Operational Comparability of Meteorological Measurements”). The following document provided useful information related to the subject of this standard: “National Technology
41、 Transfer and Advancement Act,” PL 104-113; accessible online at http:/gsi.nist.gov/global/docs/pubs/NISTIR_5967.pdf.ANSI/ANS-3.11-2000 was developed to address life cycle issues associated with meteo-rological monitoring programs at nuclear facilities. This standard was also developed to address te
42、chnological advances for in situ and remote sensing instrumentation to monitor meteorological parameters (e.g., sonic anemometers, lidar, Doppler sodar, radar wind pro lers, etc.), modi cations in analytical requirements, and other considerations. The aforementioned remote sensing systems provide th
43、e nuclear facility meteorologist American National Standard ANSI/ANS-3.11-2015iiior meteorological program manager with additional means to acquire suf cient data to characterize the three-dimensional wind eld in the vicinity of the facility and within the region of transport. ANSI/ANS-3.11-2000 als
44、o provides additional information on instru-ment siting and measurement issues, based on the results of wind tunnel studies, which have given insight into the aerodynamic effects of obstacles on a local wind eld.ANSI/ANS-3.11-2000 was designed with suf cient depth and breadth to address the needs of
45、 the entire meteorological monitoring community associated with all nuclear facilities nationwide, including commercial electric generating stations and nuclear installations at federal sites, ranges, and reservations. It does not attempt to de ne the exact monitor-ing criteria for every possible ty
46、pe of facility or site environment. It does identify the minimum information that comprises a successful monitoring program and requires that the details of such programs be delegated to subject matter expert meteorologists who analyze each particular site and application in order to arrive at an ac
47、ceptable program for that particular application.The ANS-3.11 Working Group was reconstituted in February 2003 to evaluate the cur-rency of the three-year-old standard and to determine whether it should be simply reaf- rmed on its February 18, 2005, sunset or it needed to be updated to account for n
48、ew reference standards, advances in ex situ and in situ instrumentation, advances in data management equipment and techniques, advances in meteorological program manage-ment, integration with facility programs (e.g., con guration management), and other con-siderations. The Working Group unanimously
49、determined to update the standard, and ANSI/ANS-3.11-2005 is a result of this work. In 2008, the ANS-3.11 Working Group again reevaluated the actions to be taken on the standard prior to its ve-year sunset in December 2010. The Working Group unanimously determined to reaf rm the standard, and ANSI/ANS-3.11-2005 (R2010) is a result of this work.The ANS-3.11 Working Group
