1、 ANSI/ASA S3.442016/Part 1 / ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) (Revision of ANSI S3.441996) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Acoustics Estimation of Noiseinduced Hearing LossPart 1: Method for Calculating Expected Noiseinduced Permanent Threshold Shift (a modified nationally adopted international standard) Secretariat:
2、 Acoustical Society of America Approved on March 4, 2016 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract ANSI/ASA S3.442016/Part 1/ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) specifies a method for calculating the expected noiseinduced permanent threshold shift in the hearing threshold levels of adult populations
3、due to various levels and durations of noise exposure; it provides the basis for calculating hearing disability according to various formulae when the hearing threshold levels at commonly measured audiometric frequencies, or combinations of such frequencies, exceed a certain value. This modified sta
4、ndard allows an equivalent effective level (EEL), with a different exchange rate, to be substituted for LEX,8h. The measure of exposure to noise for a population at risk is the noise exposure level normalized to a nominal 8 h working day, LEX,8h, for a given number of years of exposure. ANSI/ASA S3.
5、442016/Part 1/ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) applies to noise at frequencies less than approximately 10 kHz which is steady, intermittent, fluctuating, or irregular. Use of ANSI/ASA S3.442016/ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) for sound pressures exceeding 200 Pa (140 dB relative to 20 Pa) is recognized as extrapolation. AME
6、RICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON BIOACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide repres
7、entation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Co
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14、ffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 1305 Walt Whitman Road, Suite 300 Melville, New York 11747 Telephone: 1 (631) 3900215 Fax: 1 (631) 9232875 Email: asastdsacousticalsociety.org 2016 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be repro
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17、 this standard should be submitted to the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). i 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved Contents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references .2 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Principle 4 5 Description and measurement of noise exposure .4 6 Prediction of the effects
18、 of noise on hearing threshold .5 6.1 Statistical distribution of hearing threshold levels of a noiseexposed population . 5 6.2 Databases for hearing threshold levels associated with age (HTLA) . 5 6.3 Calculation of noiseinduced permanent threshold shift, N . 6 7 Assessment of noiseinduced hearing
19、loss and disability 9 7.1 Hearing loss 9 7.2 Hearing disability 9 7.3 Risk of hearing disability 9 Annex A (informative) Calculation of database A, statistical distribution of hearing thresholds as a function of age (HTLA) for an otologically normal population (highly screened). 11 A.1 Specification
20、 of database A 11 A.2 Selected values from database A 13 Annex B (informative) Examples for database B . 14 B.1 General . 14 B.2 Selected values from database B2 14 B.3 Selected values from database B3 15 B.4 Selected values from database B4 16 Annex C (informative) Example of assessment of risk of
21、noiseinduced hearing loss and disability 18 Annex D (informative) Tables with examples for NIPTS data . 21 Annex E (informative) Equivalent effective level 24 E.1 Background 24 E.2 Equivalent effective level (EEL) 24 E.3 User defined . 24 E.4 Justification of substituting an EEL for LEX,8h . 24 E.5
22、EEL defined by the 5dB exchange rate . 24 Bibliography 25 ii 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved Tables Table 1 Values of u, v, and L0 used to determine the NIPTS for the median value of the population, N50 .7 Table 2 Values of the multiplier k .8 Table 3 Values of Xu, Yu and Xl,
23、Yl used to determine, respectively, the parameters du and dl characterizing the upper and lower parts of the statistical distribution of NlPTS (N50 80 8000 9 3 19 5 11 30 1 23 49 10 39 75 22 60 80 Females 500 6 1 9 5 2 11 4 4 14 3 6 18 1 9 23 1000 6 1 9 5 2 11 4 4 14 2 7 19 0 11 25 2000 6 1 10 5 3 1
24、3 3 6 18 1 11 25 2 16 34 3000 7 1 11 5 4 15 3 8 21 0 13 30 4 20 41 4000 7 1 12 6 4 17 3 9 24 1 16 35 5 24 48 6000 8 2 14 6 6 21 2 12 31 2 21 45 9 32 62 8000 10 2 17 7 7 25 3 15 38 4 27 55 11 41 77 U. S. Modification: Erratum There is an error in the 8000 Hz data for females in the 50year age range f
25、or the 90th percentile. The correct value is shown below in red. 8000 10 2 17 7 7 25 2 15 38 4 27 55 11 41 77 ANSI/ASA S3.442016/Part 1 / ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 14 Annex B (informative) Examples for database B B.1 General This annex includes three
26、examples of database B for an unscreened population. These examples are compiled from data from three industrialized countries: Sweden (B.2), Norway (B.3), and the United States (B.4). B.2 and B.3 represent populations who have not been exposed to occupational noise, while subjects with occupational
27、 noise exposure are included in B.4. U.S. MODIFICATION: The data presented in Tables B.1 and B.2 were determined to be applicable to populations from Sweden and Norway. The representative character of these particular population groups might not be representative of the United States population. The
28、 data in Table B.3 have been representatively sampled in the United States by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and should be used when comparing unscreened populations sampled in the United States. B.2 Selected values from database B2 This example for database B comprises hearing
29、 threshold levels associated as function of age of a typical unscreened population (males and females) of an industrialized country where subjects with occupational noise exposure have been excluded. Data are for all the ears of the subjects tested in this study. NOTE The data are adapted from the r
30、esults of a particular survey (see Reference 17). The hearing threshold values were determined using insert earphones calibrated according to ISO 3892 and the measurements followed the ascending procedure in 5 dB steps according to ISO 82531. ANSI/ASA S3.442016/Part 1/ ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) 15 2016 Ac
31、oustical Society of America All rights reserved Table B.1 Selected values of the statistical distribution of hearing threshold levels in decibels of an unscreened population in Sweden17Frequency Hz Hearing threshold level dB Age years 30 40 50 60 70 Percentages 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 90
32、 50 10 Males 500 1 5 12 0 7 15 2 9 20 5 13 27 8 17 37 1000 0 5 14 1 7 18 3 11 24 5 15 33 8 20 43 2000 0 5 16 1 8 24 4 13 35 7 20 49 11 30 63 3000 2 5 21 0 9 31 4 16 44 10 28 57 19 43 69 4000 2 5 23 1 11 34 5 21 48 13 36 62 25 51 73 6000 2 5 21 1 9 33 2 19 48 10 36 64 22 53 76 8000 2 4 16 1 9 31 4 23
33、 55 16 46 76 35 65 87 Females 500 1 5 13 0 6 15 1 8 21 4 13 30 8 20 42 1000 1 5 12 0 6 14 2 9 20 5 14 32 9 23 48 2000 1 5 13 0 7 17 3 10 26 6 18 39 11 30 53 3000 2 4 13 1 6 18 1 11 27 6 19 41 12 32 55 4000 4 4 13 3 5 17 0 9 27 5 20 43 14 36 59 6000 5 3 12 4 5 17 1 10 28 5 22 48 14 41 66 8000 5 2 12
34、3 5 19 1 13 37 9 31 61 21 55 77 B.3 Selected values from database B3 This example for database B comprises hearing threshold levels as a function of age of a typical unscreened population (males and females) of an industrialized country where subjects with occupational noise exposure have been exclu
35、ded (data are for the more sensitive ears as determined for each test frequency and test subject). NOTE The data are adapted from the results of a particular survey (see Reference 18). The hearing threshold values were determined using supraaural earphones calibrated according to ISO 3891 and the me
36、asurements followed the ascending procedure in 5 dB steps according to ISO 82531. ANSI/ASA S3.442016/Part 1 / ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 16 Table B.2 Selected values of the statistical distribution of hearing threshold levels in decibels of an unscreen
37、ed population in Norway18Frequency Hz Hearing threshold level dB Age years 30 40 50 60 70 Percentages 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 Males 500 5 3 13 3 5 14 2 6 16 1 8 19 2 12 25 1000 5 2 11 4 3 13 3 5 15 2 7 19 1 12 30 2000 7 1 13 6 3 16 4 6 19 1 10 28 5 20 46 3000 8 1 13 5 4 19 3 8 2
38、6 1 15 45 9 31 60 4000 9 2 15 4 7 25 1 13 35 6 24 56 17 45 68 6000 4 9 23 2 13 29 5 19 41 12 31 61 23 53 76 8000 6 4 19 2 10 28 2 16 42 10 31 63 24 58 81 Females 500 3 5 14 2 6 16 0 8 20 2 11 24 5 16 31 1000 5 2 11 4 4 14 2 6 18 0 9 23 3 15 33 2000 7 2 12 5 4 15 3 7 20 0 11 28 5 20 41 3000 8 0 10 6
39、2 14 4 6 20 0 12 29 6 21 45 4000 8 1 12 6 4 16 3 8 23 2 14 34 8 26 52 6000 3 8 21 0 12 25 3 16 32 9 22 46 15 36 65 8000 5 7 17 1 10 25 4 16 39 10 26 58 16 48 74 U.S. MODIFICATION: Erratum The 8000 Hz data for females in Table B.2 are incorrect in the ISO 1999:2013 standard. The source of this data,
40、Dr. Bo Engdahl, has informed the working group in a direct communication that the correct values for 8000 Hz are 8000 5 5 17 2 9 22 2 14 34 7 24 54 18 46 73 B.4 Selected values from database B4 This example for database B comprises hearing threshold levels as a function of age of a typical unscreene
41、d population (males and females) of an industrialized country (data are for the more sensitive ears as determined for each test frequency and test subject). These data represent a completely unscreened group that also ANSI/ASA S3.442016/Part 1/ ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) 17 2016 Acoustical Society of Ameri
42、ca All rights reserved includes subjects with occupational noise exposure. The argument for such a control group is that occupational noise exposure may be significantly associated with a number of factors, including educational level, nonoccupational noise exposure, and smoking (see Reference 20).
43、In such cases, a control population that simply excludes people with occupational noise exposure will have lower prevalence of these and other risk factors for hearing loss than are found in the general population and especially in typical occupationally exposed populations. Such associations may, h
44、owever, differ from country to country. NOTE The data are adapted from the results of a particular survey (see Reference 19). The hearing threshold values were determined using supraaural earphones calibrated according to ISO 3891 unless potential for collapsing ear canals was noted on the otoscopic
45、 examination. In such case, insert earphones were used, calibrated according to ISO 3892. The measurements followed the ascending procedure in 5 dB steps according to ISO 82531. Table B.3 Selected values of the statistical distribution of hearing threshold levels in decibels of an unscreened populat
46、ion from the United States1922Frequency Hz Hearing threshold level dB Age years 30 40 50 60 70 Percentages 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 90 50 10 Males 500 1 7 16 1 8 19 1 10 20 2 11 23 4 15 28 1000 2 4 14 1 6 17 1 9 18 1 11 23 4 14 31 2000 5 4 14 3 6 20 0 10 24 3 14 38 6 21 54 3000 5 4 17 1 9
47、 29 3 15 45 7 25 57 13 37 66 4000 2 7 23 2 13 39 6 22 57 13 35 65 20 49 73 6000 0 11 27 4 17 41 9 25 64 16 40 74 26 56 84 8000 2 8 21 2 14 41 7 23 61 13 42 78 30 60 86 Females 500 0 7 17 1 7 19 1 9 21 4 13 27 5 17 32 1000 3 4 12 2 5 15 1 7 19 1 10 26 3 13 33 2000 4 4 12 2 5 16 1 7 21 1 11 28 4 17 35
48、 3000 6 2 11 2 4 15 2 7 21 2 12 33 8 20 42 4000 5 4 14 2 7 19 0 10 26 4 16 40 10 27 48 6000 0 10 22 3 12 27 4 17 34 9 24 49 17 37 61 8000 2 7 17 1 10 25 4 16 39 10 26 58 16 48 74 ANSI/ASA S3.442016/Part 1 / ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 18 Annex C (informative) Example of assessment of risk of noiseinduced hearing loss and disability Calculate the risk of noiseinduced hearing loss for a highly screened male population, 50 years of age, which was exposed to an average daily noise exposure level, LEX,8h = 90 dB (EA,8h = 11.5 103Pa2s)
