1、ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum a toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2014Standard Method of Testfor the Evaluation ofBuilding Energy AnalysisComputer ProgramsApproved by ASHRAE on April 30, 2014, and by the American National Standards Institute on May 1, 2017.This addendum was approved by a Standing Standard Project C
2、ommittee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has estab-lished a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, con-sensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and dea
3、dlines may beobtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta,
4、 GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. 2017 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of
5、Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the Ameri
6、can National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity.
7、Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its n
8、ational and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or ma
9、y not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. par
10、ticipation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available informati
11、on and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswi
12、ll be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by p
13、roviding proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in
14、marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 140Cognizant TC: 4.7, Energy CalculationsSPLS Liaison: Keith I. EmersomJoel Neymark*, Chair Ronald Judkoff Eric Sturm*Drur
15、y B. Crawley* David E. Knebel* Michael J. Witte*Krishnan Gowri Timothy P. McDowell* Da Yan*Kamel Haddad James F. Pegues*Tianzhen Hong* Amir Roth* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Michael W. Gallag
16、her Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Walter T. Grondzik David RobinJames D. Aswegan Vinod P. Gupta Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Susanna S. Hanson Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Roger L. Hedrick Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden Jack H. ZarourJohn F. Dunlap, S
17、rinivas Katipamula William F. Walter, BOD ExOJames W. Earley, Jr. Cesar L. Lim Patricia Graef, COKeith I. Emerson Arsen K. MelikovJulie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribut
18、ion, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum a to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2014 1 (This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for conformance t
19、o the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) FOREWORD The pu
20、rpose of this addendum is to add a new set of cases, as new Section 5.5 of Standard 140, for testing the ability of whole-building energy simulation programs to model the air distribution side of typical heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment. These cases test fundamental air-si
21、de system mass flow and heat balance modeling and are complementary to the current HVAC BESTEST and Furnace BESTEST cases of Sections 5.3 and 5.4, respectively, which test the ability to apply performance maps for modeling the working heat-transfer fluid side and combustion side of HVAC equipment. T
22、he new test cases are from Airside HVAC BESTEST: Adaptation of ASHRAE RP-865 Airside HVAC Equipment Modeling Test Cases for ASHRAE Standard 140, Volume 1: Cases AE101AE445A-5,by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in collaboration with the ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 140 (
23、SSPC 140) and other international software developers and simulation-trial participants. NRELs adaptation work builds off of ASHRAE Research Project 865 (RP-865)A-7, conducted at University of Nebraska Omaha, The Pennsylvania State University, and Texas A the CV system further applies multiple (two)
24、 zones, system supply air temperature control, and terminal reheat coils; and the VAV system further applies a variable airflow supply fan and terminal zone supply air dampers. The test cases are conducted at five different sets of steady-state outdoor and zone conditions in heating, dry-coil coolin
25、g, and wet-coil cooling modes, and with temperature and enthalpy economizer outdoor air control strategies applied to selected conditions. Primary compared output for these test cases includes coil sensible, latent, and total loads; zone sensible and latent loads; and cooling-coil leaving-air relati
26、ve humidity. Additional diagnostic outputs at various points in the systems include dry-bulb temperature (and the ability to isolate fan heat effects), humidity ratio, specific volume, enthalpy, and mass flow rate. For these in-depth cases, plant energy use related to coil loads and fan electricity
27、consumption is not considered. Adaptation of ASHRAE RP-865 as a Standard Method of Test The air-side HVAC equipment model test cases are an excellent example of ASHRAE research providing the kernel, in this instance RP-865A-7, for an industry-standard method of test. RP-865 developed a test specific
28、ation, and two independently developed spreadsheet solutions, intended as quasi-analytical solutions for a number of typical air-side HVAC system configurations, such as constant-volume and variable-air-volume reheat systems. At the time RP-865 was developed, the scope for input descriptions in its
29、test specification was limited to two prominent whole-building energy simulation programs. NREL led the collaborative effort by SSPC 140 and other international software developers and participants to (a) reconcile differences in the two analytical solutions to produce a single, final quasi-analytic
30、al solution, (b) rework the test specifications to be unambiguous for the input structures of most whole-building energy simulation programs with time steps of one hour or less, and (c) field test the specifications with a variety of different simulation programs and associated international softwar
31、e development groups to ensure their suitability as a standard method of test that can be integrated into ASHRAE Standard 140. Further discussion of the ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permi
32、tted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum a to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2014 process for revising the test specifications and developing the final quasi-analytical solutions and example simulation results is provided in the Executive Summary, Part II, and Part III of the A
33、irside HVAC BESTEST final reportA-5. Summary of Changes in this Addendum Adds new Section 5.5, “Input Specification for Air-Side HVAC Equipment Analytical Verification Tests.” (This is the major substantive portion of the addendum.) Updates Section 6, “Class I Output Requirements,” to include output
34、 requirements related to Section 5.5. Updates Section 3, “Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms” for language of Section 5.5. Updates Section 4, “Methods of Testing” (overall Standard 140 roadmap), to summarize new Section 5.5 test cases. Updates Section 5.1, “Modeling Approach,” to include requi
35、rements related to Section 5.5. Updates Normative Annex A1, “Weather Data,” to include weather data used for Section 5.5. Updates Normative Annex A2, “Standard Output Reports,” to include Section 5.5 results template. Updates the following informative annexes to include new information relevant for
36、Section 5.5 test cases: o B1, “Tabular Summary of Test Cases” o B10, “Instructions for Working with Results Spreadsheets Provided with the Standard” o B16, “Analytical and Quasi-Analytical Solution Results and Example Simulation Results for HVAC Equipment Performance Tests of Sections 5.3, 5.4, and
37、5.5” o B17, “Production of Analytical and Quasi-Analytical Solution Results and Example Simulation Results for HVAC Equipment Performance Tests of Sections 5.3, 5.4, and 5.5” o B20, “Example Results for Section 7 Test Procedures” (to provide editorial cross-referencing changes) o B24, “Informative R
38、eferences” Updates accompanying electronic files as referenced in this addendum ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum a to A
39、NSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2014 3 Addendum a to Standard 140-2014 Make the following changes to Section 3.1. 3.1 Terms Defined for This Standard adiabatic: without loss or gain of heat. Informative Note: (eE.g., an adiabatic boundary does not allow heat to flow through it). altitude: vertical elevation
40、 above sea level. apparatus dew point (ADP): the effective coil surface temperature when there is dehumidification. On the psychrometric chart, this is the intersection of the condition line and the saturation curve, where the condition line is the line going through entering air conditions with slo
41、pe defined by the sensible heat ratio (SHR) ratio of sensible heat transfer to total (sensible + latent) heat transfer for a process. For the test cases of Section 5.3, SHR is calculated as SHR = (gross sensible capacity)/(gross total capacity). (Also sSee sensible heat ratio, gross sensible capacit
42、y, and gross total capacity.) Informative Note: The ADP is the temperature to which all the supply air would be cooled if 100% of the supply air contacted the coil. bypass factor (BF): the percentage of the distribution air that does not come into contact with the cooling coil; the remaining air is
43、assumed to exit the coil at the average coil temperature (apparatus dew point). (See apparatus dew point.) combined radiative and convective surface coefficient: a constant of proportionality relating the rate of combined convective and radiative heat transfer at a surface to the temperature differe
44、nce across the air film on that surface. combined surface coefficient: see combined radiative and convective surface coefficient. conductance: thermal conductance. convective surface coefficient: a constant of proportionality relating the rate of convective heat transfer at a surface to the temperat
45、ure difference across the air film on that surface. cooling-coil latent load: the rate of heat extraction required to condense the moisture in cooling-coil entering air that becomes condensate. Informative Note: For example equation, see the 2012 ASHRAE HandbookHVAC Systems and EquipmentA-1, Chapter
46、 23, Equation 38. cooling-coil sensible load: the sum of the rate of heat extraction required to cool the leaving moist air mass from the cooling-coil entering air temperature to the cooling-coil leaving air temperature, cool any to-be-condensed vapor from the cooling-coil entering air temperature t
47、o the condensation temperature, and cool any condensate from the condensation temperature to the leaving condensate temperature. Informative Note: For example equations, see the 2012 ASHRAE HandbookHVAC Systems and Equipment,A-1Chapter 23, Equations 39 and 39a. cooling-coil total load: the sum of co
48、oling-coil sensible load and cooling-coil latent load. Informative Note: For example equations, see the 2012 ASHRAE HandbookHVAC Systems and Equipment,A-1Chapter 23, Equations 36 and 37. design nominal zone supply airflow rate: the maximum zone supply volumetric airflow rate using air conditions at
49、the supply fan inlet. Informative Note: The actual design zone supply air volumetric flow varies as supply fan heat and terminal reheat increase the specific volume of the air away from the supply fan inlet. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.4 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum a to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2014 design system return airflow rate: the volumetric return airflow rate calculated
