1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013 (RA 2016)(Reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013)Methods of Testingthe Floc Point ofRefrigeration-Grade OilsApproved by ASHRAE on November 30, 2016, and by the American National Standards Institute on November 30, 2016.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated
2、on a five-year cycle; the date following the Standard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax:
3、678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under
4、 the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of mo
5、re than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation
6、. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be m
7、embers of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for
8、a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for
9、the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or tha
10、t any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting s
11、afe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely vol
12、untary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 86Cognizant TC: 3.4, LubricationSPLS Liaison: Boggarm S. SettyWarren Cloug
13、h, Chair* Richard L. Hall*Corey Anderson* Ngoc Dung T. Rohatgi*William Bradford Boggess* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Michael W. Gallagher Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Walter
14、 T. Grondzik David RobinJames D. Aswegan Vinod P. Gupta Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Susanna S. Hanson Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Roger L. Hedrick Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden Jack H. ZarourJohn F. Dunlap, Srinivas Katipamula William F. Walter, BOD ExOJames W. Ear
15、ley, Jr. Cesar L. Lim Patricia Graef, COKeith I. Emerson Arsen K. MelikovJulie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is n
16、ot permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013 (RA 2016),Methods of Testing the Floc Point of Refrigeration-Grade OilsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Apparatus . 25 Test Procedure. 36 Reproducibility of Results. 47 Significan
17、ce of Results . 48 References . 4Informative Annex ARound Robin Test Results4Informative Annex BBibliography5NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atla
18、nta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additio
19、nal reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013 (RA 2016)(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor confor
20、mance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis s
21、tandard describes a standard test method for measuringthe floc point (waxing tendency) of refrigeration-grade oils.Petroleum-derived oils are mixtures of large numbers ofchemically distinct hydrocarbon molecules. At the low tem-peratures encountered in the low-pressure side of refrigera-tion units,
22、some of the larger molecules separate from thebulk of the oil in the form of wax-like deposits. Wax deposi-tion of these molecules in refrigeration systems is undesir-able, as they are known to clog capillary tubes and to causeexpansion valves to stick. The floc point procedure requires,in addition
23、to the oil, a fluid in which the oil is completelymiscible to a temperature below that at which floc will form.Refrigerant-12 (R-12) was selected because it fits thisrequirement. Refrigerant-22 (R-22), for example, cannot beused because phase separation would, generally, resultbefore the floc point
24、was reached. The ensuing hazing, cloud-ing, and separation into two different layers precludes obtain-ing a floc point. The industry has a great deal of experience insuccessfully extrapolating floc point data from the test tube tofield application. Development of a floc point using some other fluidb
25、esides R-12 is feasible. However, it would require a researchproject and extrapolation of the data from another fluid with-out the field correlation, which has been available for R-12floc point data, could result in major field problems.This 2016 reaffirmation of Standard 86-2013 was pre-pared under
26、 the auspices of ASHRAE. It may be used inwhole or in part by an association or government agencywith due credit to ASHRAE. Adherence is strictly on a volun-tary basis and merely in the interest of obtaining uniformguidelines throughout the industry. This version of the reaffir-mation has no changes
27、. 1. PURPOSEThis standard provides a method for measuring the waxingtendency of refrigeration-grade oils.2. SCOPEThe floc point measurement indicates the waxingtendency of refrigeration-grade oils at low temperatures. Thefloc point is defined as the highest temperature at which wax orother solid sub
28、stances precipitate when a mixture 10% byvolume of oil and 90% by volume of R-12 is cooled under spec-ified conditions. The results can be used to compare the waxingtendency of several different oils.3. DEFINITIONSfloc point: the highest temperature at which solid substancesprecipitate when a mixtur
29、e 10% by volume of oil and 90% byvolume of R-12 is cooled under specified conditions.flocculent: containing, or occurring in the form of, looselyaggregated particles or soft flakes.refrigeration-grade oil: a naphthenic/paraffinic type oil that isstable with system components, will form a friction-re
30、ducingfilm between rubbing surfaces and seal critical clearances, andhas low-temperature transport properties suitable for the appli-cation for which it is used. wax: higher molecular weight materials that are not soluble inR-12/mineral oil mixtures at a particular temperature.4. APPARATUS4.1 Coolin
31、g Bath. A cooling bath is required for obtainingthe necessary temperature. It is prepared by using dry ice or arefrigeration system as the cooling source. The cooling bathshall be large enough for testing three sample tubes at onetime. A large, wide-mouthed, clear Dewar flask is one coolingbath opti
32、on. Dry ice in a liquid such as ethanol or acetone isrequired. The use of liquids such as ethanol is necessarybecause this liquid has the advantage of reduced frosting whenthe sample tube is raised from the bath for observation. Amechanical stirrer shall be provided for stirring the bath.Proper stir
33、ring is important to eliminate temperature differ-ences. A small piece of aluminum foil in the liquid will indi-cate the degree of stirring obtained. If an electric motor is used,it is required to be of a type safe for use above the flammablecooling medium. A wire mesh basket with small openingsshal
34、l be provided in the bath for the introduction of the dry iceso small pieces of dry ice cannot come into contact with thesample tube and cause local cold spots. The wire mesh basketcan be raised or lowered to control the bath temperature.4.2 Temperature-Measuring Devices. The temperatureis measured
35、with a precision electrical digital thermometer,a mercury thermometer, or an alcohol thermometer. ASTMstandard thermometers 6F or 6C shall be used for this pur-pose. Thermometers shall be calibrated as prescribed byASTM E1-07.14.3 Sample Tube. The sample tube consists of a thick walledborosilicate g
36、lass tube with a flared end and round bottom, asshown in Figure 1. Tube dimensions are 0.375 in. (9.5 mm)ID 0.600 in. (15 mm) OD 9 in. (228 mm) long. The tubeshall be permanently graduated at the 0.34 oz (10.0 mL) vol-ume (calibrated at room temperature).4.4 Metal Connector Fittings. The metal conne
37、ctor fittingsshall be as shown in Figure 1.4.5 Graph Paper. In certain instances, graph paper is usedwith a glass plate to judge the cloudiness of the test sample.The graph shall have 20 lines per 1.0 in. (25.4 mm).4.6 Mechanical Vacuum Pump. A mechanical vacuumpump that provides an absolute pressur
38、e of 13.3 Pa(0.1 mm Hg) shall be used. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 86-2013 (RA 2016) 35. TEST PROCEDURE5.1 Use pro
39、per personal protective equipment (PPE), suchas a face mask, protective shield, and heavy gloves when han-dling the charged pressure tube outside the cooling bath orwhen evacuating the tube. The glass tube is under pressureand a hazard exists whenever the temperature is above 21F(30C). When using et
40、hanol or acetone, take appropriateprecautions to prevent fire. These solvents and their vaporsare very flammable.Do not use a glass tube at a pressure exceeding 80 psig(552 kPa) or temperature exceeding 200F (93C). The tubeshall not be subjected to any bending strain. Inspect the glasscomponents for
41、 wear on a regular basis. Erosion, stress,cracks, nicks, or deep scratches provide early warning of theneed for glass replacement. The glass may erode evenly sowear is not visibly noticeable. If wear is detected, replace thecomponent to eliminate the potential cause of breakage.5.2 The sample tube s
42、hall be cleaned, dried, and stored in adesiccator prior to use. Appropriate precautions shall be takento eliminate the introduction of water into the sample tubewhile charging with oil or refrigerant. Prepare a manifold orother system for evacuating and charging the sample tube.The refrigerant tubin
43、g shall be dried before use.5.3 Make sure that stirring of the liquid is adequate forobtaining uniform temperature within the cooling bath. Installthe thermometer in a tube with the same tube dimensions asthe floc tube. Immerse the tube in the bath, and fill it with thesame fluid used in the cooling
44、 bath.5.4 Transfer 0.03 oz (1.0 mL) of the sample oil into the sam-ple glass tube using a 0.07 oz (2.0 mL) syringe for precise oilmeasurement (at room temperature). Attach a small brassvalve to the sample tube using the metal connector fittings.Evacuate the sample tube to 13.3 Pa (0.1 mm Hg) absolut
45、epressure to de-gas the oil.5.5 Introduce a quantity of liquid R-12 so that the totalvolume of oil and R-12 is 0.34 oz (10.0 mL). The methodof introduction shall preclude the introduction of waterinto the tube. This addition of R-12 and the measurementof the volume shall be done in the cooling bath
46、at a tem-perature of 25F to 30F (32C to 34C).5.6 The tube shall be disconnected from the charging assem-bly and allowed to warm up to the point where the refrigerant/oil mixture may be made homogeneous by shaking.CAUTION: Use proper PPE. Any excess R-12 can thenbe bled off at a temperature above 20F
47、 (29C). In this way,the volume of the refrigerant/oil mixture can be adjusted to0.34 oz (10.0 mL) when measured at 25F to 30F (32Cto 34C). 5.7 The sample tube containing the refrigerant/oil mixtureshall then be immersed in the cooling bath, which has previ-ously been adjusted to a temperature of app
48、roximately 0F (18C). Then the temperature of the cooling bath shall belowered at a rate of 1F to 2F (0.5C to 1C) per minute bycareful addition of dry ice or use of a controlled chillingdevice. Temperature readings with the thermometer or ther-mocouple in the test tube in the bath give values compara
49、bleto the temperature in the test sample tube.5.8 If an oil shows a cloud at 0F (18C), the test shall berepeated to make certain that water has not been inadvertentlyintroduced into the oil during the charging operation. If an oilis wet, it can be dried by heating the oil under vacuum or in anopen container at 302F (150C) for 1 hour while bubblingnitrogen into the oil.5.9 The tube shall be observed as the temperature is low-ered, beginning at 0F (18C). If a clear Dewar flask is used,the tube may be viewed through the Dewa
