1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2016Energy Standard forData CentersApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 29, 2016; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 29, 2016;and by the American National Standards Institute on July 27, 2016.This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing St
2、andard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the StandardsCommittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures fortimely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. The change submittal form,instructio
3、ns, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paperform from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from theASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, N
4、E, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (fororders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS)
5、is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected
6、 interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal j
7、urisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Sta
8、ndard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Sen
9、ior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses it
10、s best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated
11、 in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uni
12、form method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by t
13、he need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standards Project Committee 90.4Co
14、gnizant TC: 9.9, Mission Critical Facilities, Data Centers, Technology Spaces and Electronic EquipmentSPLS Liaison: Keith EmersonASHRAE Staff Liaison: Stephanie ReinicheRonald E. Jarnagin*, Chair David F. Kelley* Steven Rosenstock*John H. Bean, Jr.* Robert E. McFarlane* Michael C.A. Schwedler*Timoth
15、y M. Chadwick* Richard L. Pavlak* Jeffrey Sloan*Jack V. Glass* David V. Quirk* Vali Sorell*Gregory R. Jeffers* Terry L. Rodgers* Otto D. Van Geet* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Julie M. Ferguso
16、n Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Michael W. Gallagher David RobinJames D. Aswegan Walter T. Grondzik Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Vinod P. Gupta Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Susanna S. Hanson Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Waller S. Clements Roger L. Hedrick Jack H. ZarourDrury B. Cr
17、awley Rick M. Heiden William F. Walter, BOD ExOJohn F. Dunlap, Srinivas Katipamula Patricia Graef, COJames W. Earley, Jr. Arsen K. MelikovKeith I. Emerson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, di
18、stribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2016,Energy Standard for Data CentersSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Administration and Enforcement.55 Building Envelope
19、 .76 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning.77 Service Water Heating 128 Electrical129 Lighting1410 Other Equipment.1411 Guide to Alternative Compliance Method1412 Normative References.16Informative Appendix A: Informative References17Informative Appendix B: Sample Submittal Forms21Informative A
20、ppendix C: Diagrams for Illustrating Compliance.29Informative Appendix D: Additional Guidance on Telephone Exchanges.38Annex 1: Reference Standard Reproduction AnnexASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1.39NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the
21、 ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American Nat
22、ional Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2016(This foreword is not part of this standard. It
23、is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative
24、 material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDASHRAE SSPC 90.4 is pleased to offer this energy standardfor data centers. The committee has worked hard to craft thestandard in a manner that does not stifle innovation in thedata center industry, while simultaneously offering
25、criteria tohelp ensure energy savings. It is critically important to notethat data centers are mission-critical facilities where riskmanagement is the primary concern.Standard 90.4 was developed to be code-intended, simi-lar to Standard 90.1, and references in Standard 90.4 aremade to Standard 90.1
26、for building envelope, service waterheating, lighting, and other equipment criteria. In addition,Standard 90.4 references Standard 90.1 for mechanical cool-ing equipment efficiencies. Standard 90.4 is a performance-based design standard that offers the design components ofmechanical load component (
27、MLC) and electrical loss compo-nent (ELC). Calculations of MLC and ELC are made and thencompared to the maximum allowable values shown in the stan-dard based on climate zones. Compliance with Standard 90.4is achieved when the calculated values do not exceed the val-ues contained in the standard. An
28、alternative compliance pathis provided that allows tradeoffs between MLC and ELC.The committee initially pursued a Green Grid PUE-likeprocess for setting the criteria in the standard, but the GreenGrids PUE metric is based on measured energy use datarather than design criteria calculations. The comm
29、ittee real-ized that the design calculations contained in Standard 90.4would not likely match the actual energy use data, so thisapproach was abandoned.Standard 90.4 follows ASHRAES continuous mainte-nance process, which allows changes to the standard to bemade on a continuous basis through addenda
30、to the existingstandard. This process allows for frequent changes to thestandard to keep pace with rapidly changing technologies inthe industry. In addition, the chairs of the committees respon-sible for both Standard 90.1 and Standard 90.4 will meet withmembers of the ASHRAE Standards Committee to
31、addressany conflicts in scope between the two standards.The input we received from the data center industry wasinvaluable in helping to bring the standard to fruition, and itis the hope of the committee that knowledgeable peoplewithin the data center industry will continue to offer their tal-ents in
32、 order to sustain and improve the quality and accuracyof the standard moving forward.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to establish the minimumenergy efficiency requirements of data centers fora. design, construction, and a plan for operation and mainte-nance; andb. utilization of on-site or
33、 off-site renewable energy resources.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies toa. new data centers, or portions thereof, and their systems;b. new additions to data centers, or portions thereof, andtheir systems; c. and modifications to systems and equipment in existingdata centers or portions thereof.2.2
34、The provisions of this standard do not apply toa. telephone exchanges,b. essential facilities, andc. information technology equipment (ITE).2.3 Where specifically noted in this standard, certain otherbuildings or elements of buildings shall be exempt.2.4 This standard shall not be used to circumvent
35、 any safety,health, or environmental requirements.3. DEFINITIONS3.1 General. Certain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms aredefined in this section for the purposes of this standard. Thesedefinitions are applicable to all sections of this standard. 3.1.1 Coordination. Where terms are not defined in t
36、hisstandard but are defined in ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1,those terms shall have the meanings as assigned to them inANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1. Where terms are notdefined in either document, they shall have their ordinaryaccepted meanings within the context in which they are used.Ordinarily accepte
37、d meanings shall be based on standardAmerican English language usage as documented in anunabridged dictionary accepted by the adopting authority.Informative Notes: 1. See Annex 1 for ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 defi-nitions.2. Only terms that appear in Section 3 of this stan-dard are italicized through
38、out the document. Termsthat appear Annex 1 are not italicized.3.2 Definitionsair, ambient: the air surrounding a building or space; thesource of outdoor air brought into a building.air, exhaust: air removed from a space and discharged to out-side the building by means of mechanical or natural ventil
39、a-tion systems.air, recirculated: air removed from a space and reused as sup-ply air.air, return: air removed from a space, then to be recirculatedor exhausted.air, supply: air delivered by mechanical or natural ventilationto a space, composed of any combination of outdoor air,recirculated air, or t
40、ransfer air. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2016 3alteration: a replacement not in kind or addition to a buildin
41、gor its systems and equipment. Routine maintenance, repair,replacement in kind, and service, or a change in the buildingsuse classification or category shall not constitute an alter-ation. Alterations exclude ITE adds, moves, and changes.annualized mechanical load component (annualized MLC):the sum
42、of all cooling, fan, pump, and heat rejection annualenergy use divided by the data center ITE energy.automatic: self-acting, operating by its own mechanism whenactuated by some nonmanual influence and without humanintervention, such as a change in current strength, pressure,temperature, or mechanica
43、l configuration. cabinet: a container that encloses connection devices, termi-nations, apparatus, wiring, and equipment.circuit breaker: a device designed to open and close a circuitby nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automaticallyat a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself whe
44、nproperly applied within its puter room: a room or portions of a building serving anITE load less than or equal to10 kW or 20 W/ft2(215 W/m2)or less of conditioned floor area. conditioned floor area: floor area of a building or structurethat is conditioned space. See space, conditioned (Annex 1).con
45、struction: the fabrication and erection of a new buildingor any addition to or alteration of an existing building.construction documents: drawings and specifications used toconstruct a building, building systems, or portions thereof.cooling energy: the sum of all site energy in kilowatt-hoursrequire
46、d to provide cooling via vapor compression, ventila-tion, dehumidification, humidification, evaporation, absorp-tion, adsorption, or other means. data center: a room or building, or portions thereof, includ-ing computer rooms being served by the data center systems,serving a total ITE load greater t
47、han 10 kW and 20 W/ft2(215 W/m2) of conditioned floor area. data center energy: annual energy use of the data center,including all ITE energy plus energy that supports the ITE anddata center space.data center ITE design power: the combined power in kilo-watts of all the ITE loads for which the ITE s
48、ystem wasdesigned. The data center ITE power shall not include anyadditional loads, such as cabinet fans or other devices, thatare not inherent parts of the ITE, even if the loads are part ofthe UPS operational design load.data center ITE energy: the sum of all energy, in kilowatt-hours, consumed by
49、 the ITE on an annual basis. data center point of presence (PoP): the location where thecommon carrier connects to the data center telecommunica-tion equipment.data center systems: HVAC systems, electrical systems,equipment, or portions thereof, used to condition ITE or elec-trical systems. Data center systems may also be shared, serv-ing other data center additions or non-data-center loads. design electrical loss component (design ELC): the designelectrical loss component for the data center or data centeraddition shall be the combined losses (or the lo
