1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.18-2016(Revision of ASME B30.18-2011)Stacker Cranes(Top or Under Running Bridge,Multiple Girder With Top orUnder Running Trolley Hoist)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.18-2016(Revision of ASME B30.18-2011
2、)Stacker Cranes(Top or Under Running Bridge,Multiple Girder With Top orUnder Running Trolley Hoist)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: August 26, 2016The next edition of th
3、is Standard is scheduled for publication in 2021. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.o
4、rg/InterpsDatabase.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Page
5、s can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.A
6、SME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals f
7、romcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “appr
8、ove,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against l
9、iability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by f
10、ederal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and polici
11、es, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 100
12、16-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 18-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and References 1Section 18-0.1 Scope of B30.18 1
13、Section 18-0.2 Definitions 1Section 18-0.3 Personnel Competence . 6Section 18-0.4 References to Other Codes and Standards 6Chapter 18-1 General Construction and Installation. 8Section 18-1.1 Marking . 8Section 18-1.2 Clearances . 8Section 18-1.3 General Construction Runways and Supporting Structures
14、 . 9Section 18-1.4 Stacker Crane Construction 9Section 18-1.5 Cabs 9Section 18-1.6 Footwalks and Ladders 10Section 18-1.7 Stops, Bumpers, Rail Sweeps, and Guards 10Section 18-1.8 Brakes . 11Section 18-1.9 Electrical Equipment . 13Section 18-1.10 Hoisting Equipment . 17Section 18-1.11 Warning Devices
15、 . 18Section 18-1.12 Lubrication 18Chapter 18-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 19Section 18-2.1 Inspection . 19Section 18-2.2 Testing 20Section 18-2.3 Maintenance . 20Section 18-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 21Chapter 18-3 Operation. 23Section 18-3.1 Qualifications and Resp
16、onsibilities . 23Section 18-3.2 Conduct of Operators 24Section 18-3.3 Handling the Load . 24Section 18-3.4 Miscellaneous . 25Figures18-0.2.1-1 Cab-Operated Stacker Crane . 218-0.2.1-2 Floor-Operated Stacker Crane 318-0.2.1-3 Underhung Stacker Crane Movement . 418-1.9.3-1 Recommended Arrangement of C
17、ontrollers or Master Switches(Three-Motor Crane) . 1418-1.9.3-2 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches(Four-Motor Crane) 1418-1.9.3-3 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-ButtonStation Arrangement) 1518-1.9.3-4 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane Co
18、ntrolTransmitter Lever Arrangement) . 16iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning
19、 in December 1916 whenan eight-page “Code of Safety Standards for Cranes,” prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, invol
20、ving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (US
21、ASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor Stateof New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the LocomotiveCrane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the
22、U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized No
23、vember 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publishedby ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes,Derricks, and Hoists.” The early drafts of this safety code included requir
24、ements for jacks but,due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to makethe requirements for jacks a separate code.In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published addressing a multitude of equipment typesand in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published addressin
25、g just jacks. Both documents werereaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.Duetochangesindesign,advancementintechniques,andgeneralinterestoflaborandindustryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of YardsandDocks(nowtheNavalFacilitiesEn
26、gineeringCommand)wasreorganizedonJanuary31,1962,with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the formatof ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published inseparate volumes that could completely cover the construction, inst
27、allation, inspection, testing,maintenance,andoperationofeachtypeofequipmentthatwasincludedinthescopeofASAB30.2.This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16being designated as revisions of B30.2 with the remainder of the B30 volumes being published
28、as totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, whichresulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as either “ASA B30,” “USAS B30,”or “ANSI B30” depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization
29、 Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordi-nated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling withini
30、ts scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory andadvisoryprovisions;compliancewithbothtypesmayberequiredbyemployersoftheiremployees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant
31、 variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged t
32、o consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewiththeformatdescribedinSectionIXoftheintroduction,beforerenderingdecisionsondisputedpoints.ivSafetycodesandstandardsareintendedtoenhancepublicsafety.Revisionsresultfromcommit-teeconsiderationoffactorssuchastechnologicaladvances,newdata,andchangingenvironmen
33、taland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.The first edition of B30.18 was issued in 1987, and new editions were published in 1993, 1998,2004, and 2011. This 2016 Edition includes revisions to add personnel competence requirements,revised definitions and ref
34、erences, updated inspection and testing requirements, and revisedoperator responsibilities.This Edition of the B30.18 volume was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, andwas approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on July 8, 2016.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for C
35、ableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. D. Closson, ChairT. L. Blanton, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, LTS Cranes Mecha
36、nicalM. Eggenberger, Alternate, Berry Contracting, Inc.G. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.E. E. Lutter, Alternate, The Crosby Group, Inc.P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServicesJ. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.B. M. Casey,
37、 Alternate, General Dynamics Electric BoatD. R. Decker, Becket, LLCL. D. DeMark, Equipment Training Solutions, LLCD. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine Melting andPouring; and Cleaning and FinishingPublisher: ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken, PA 19428
38、-2959 (www.astm.org)7CMAA Specification No. 70-2010, Specifications for TopRunning Bridge thus, special consideration should begiven to confinement in the cab by screening.(c) Outdoor cabs should be enclosed. All cab glazingshall be safety-glazing material as defined inANSI Z26.1.(d) Construction sh
39、all offer protection from fallingobjects. The protection shall support a minimum staticload of 50 lb/ft2(2.4 kPa).(16)(16)ASME B30.18-2016(e) Thecabdoorshallbe interlockedsocranemotionswill not commence until the door is closed.(f) Vertically traveling stacker cabs shall be equippedwith a device(s)
40、to minimize free-fall in the event ofmalfunction of cab support hoist ropes or hoistmachinery.18-1.5.2 Access to Stacker CraneAccess to the stacker crane cab or bridge walkwayshall be by a fixed ladder, stairs, or platform requiringno step over any gap exceeding 12 in. (305 mm). Fixedladders shall b
41、e in conformance with ANSI-ASC A14.3.18-1.5.3 Tool BoxIf a receptacle is provided for the stowing of tools andoil cans, it shall be metal and securely fastened in thecab or on the walkway.18-1.5.4 Fire ExtinguisherA portable fire extinguisher, with a basic minimumextinguisher rating of 10 BC, shall
42、be installed in thecab or at the machinery housing.18-1.5.5 LightingCab lighting, either natural or artificial, shall providea level of illumination that enables the operator toobserve the operating controls.SECTION 18-1.6: FOOTWALKS AND LADDERS18-1.6.1 Location of Footwalks(a) A footwalk should be
43、provided on the drive sidealong the entire length of the bridge of all stacker craneshaving the trolley running on the top of the girders. Togive access to the opposite side of the trolley, bridgeconductors, or other equipment, there should be pro-vided a footwalk mounted on the trolley, a footwalk
44、orplatform in the building, or a footwalk on the oppositeside of the bridge at least twice the length of the trolley.Footwalks should be located to give a headroom ofnot less than 78 in. (1 981 mm). In no case shall less than48 in. (1 219 mm) be provided. If 48 in. (1 219 mm)of headroom cannot be pr
45、ovided, footwalks should beomittedfromthestackercraneandastationaryplatformor landing stage built for workers making repairs.(b) On other than cab-operated cranes, a footwalk orother means (including mobile equipment or measuresto protect workers from the hazard of falls) should beprovided for worke
46、rs to make repairs and inspect thecrane.18-1.6.2 Construction of Footwalks(a) Footwalks shall be designed to sustain a distrib-uted load of at least 50 lb/ft2(2.4 kPa).(b) Footwalks shall have a slip-resistant walkingsurface.10(c) Footwalks should have a clear passageway at least18 in. (457 mm) wide
47、 except opposite the bridge cranedrive mechanism and controls, where they should benot less than 15 in. (380 mm).18-1.6.3 Toeboards and Handrails for FootwalksToeboards and handrails shall be in compliance withANSI A1264.1.18-1.6.4 Ladders and Stairways(a) Stacker cranes should be provided with ladd
48、ersor stairways extending from the runway elevation to thefootwalk or cab platform.(b) Stairways shall be equipped with metal handrailsand should be at an angle of not more than 50 degwith the horizontal. Walking surfaces shall be of a slip-resistant type.(c) Ladders shall be fastened in place and s
49、hall beconstructed in compliance with ANSI-ASC A14.3.18-1.6.5 EgressThere should be means of egress from cab-operatedstacker cranes to permit departure under emergencyconditions. The means of egress should depend on thefacts of the situation.SECTION 18-1.7: STOPS, BUMPERS, RAILSWEEPS, AND GUARDS18-1.7.1 Trolley Stops(a) Stops shall be provided at the limits of travel ofthe stacker trolley.(b) Stops shall be designed to withstand the forcesapplied to the bumpers as specified in para. 18-1.7.3.(c) If a stop engages the tread of the wheel, it shallnot be of a height less than the
