1、Designation: D3753 121An American National StandardStandard Specification forGlass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes and Wetwells1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections added in April 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers glass fiber-reinforced p
3、olyestermanholes and wetwells for use primarily in sanitary and stormsewer applications.1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest meth
4、ods portion, Section 8, of this specification:Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory li
5、mita-tions prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance ofThermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedStructures Intended for Liquid ServiceD695 Test Method for Compressive Pro
6、perties of RigidPlasticsD785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating MaterialsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Term
7、s Relating to Plas-ticsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD3892 Practi
8、ce for Packaging/Packing of Plastics3. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminol-ogy D883 and the abbreviations are in accordance withTerminology D1600 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 bench and invert, ninternal flow channel with a slopedbench extending from the edge of the fl
9、ow channel to themanhole wall designed to facilitate the flow of liquid throughthe manhole between the pipe connectors.3.3 bottom, na flat, domed, dished, or other shaped bottomdesigned to make the manhole or wetwell watertight at its base.3.4 expanded base manhole, na manhole with the additionof ec
10、centric or concentric reducers attached to cylinder sectionsof different diameter than the manhole to allow changes incylinder diameter.3.5 manway reducer, nthe top portion of the manholethrough which entrance to the manhole is made and where thediameter increases from the entrance way to the larger
11、 manholecylinder.3.6 manhole, na constant diameter cylinder attached to amanway reducer designed to handle a manhole cover and ring.3.7 manhole cover and ring, nthose accessories used withthe manhole to close the manway entrance (includes adjust-ment rings).3.8 manhole cylinder, nthe portion below t
12、he manwayreducer that extends in a constant diameter to the manholebase.3.9 pipe connectors, nconnectors that provide access forthe sewer pipe into the manhole.3.10 resin rich, adjdescribes that portion of the glassfiber-reinforced polyester material where the resin-to-glassratio is significantly gr
13、eater than in other portions of themanhole.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved March 15, 2012. Published April 2012.
14、Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3753 051. DOI:10.1520/D3753-12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar
15、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.11 wetwell, na cylinder without a manway reducer,which may be open at the t
16、op or may include a flat top.4. Materials4.1 ResinThe resins used shall be a commercial gradeunsaturated polyester resin.4.2 Reinforcing MaterialsThe reinforcing materials shallbe commercial grade of E-type glass fibers in the form of mat,continuous roving, chopped roving, or roving fabric, having a
17、coupling agent that will provide a suitable bond between theglass reinforcement and the resin.4.3 Surfacing MaterialIf reinforcing material is used onthe surface exposed to the contained substance, it shall be acommercial grade chemical-resistant glass or organic surfacingmat having a coupling agent
18、 that will provide a suitable bondwith the resin.4.4 Fillers and AdditivesFillers, when used, shall be inertto the environment and manhole construction. Additives, suchas thixotropic agents, catalysts, promoters, pigments, etc., maybe added as required by the specific manufacturing process tobe used
19、 to meet the requirements of this standard. The resultingreinforced-plastic material shall meet the requirement of thisspecification.4.5 OtherPolyester continuous roving, polyester scrim,glass scrim, or other material, may be used. The resultingreinforced-plastic material shall meet the requirement
20、of thisspecification.4.6 RibsWhen used, ribs may be manufactured as a solidconstruction or with materials applied over a structural ornon-structural form. The resulting reinforced-plastic materialshall meet the requirement of this specification.5. Manufacture5.1 Manhole, wetwells, manway reducers, e
21、ccentric or con-centric reducers, connectors, and bottoms shall be producedfrom glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin with constructiondetermined by the particular process of manufacture andconfiguration. The process may include contact molding,compression molding, pultrusion, filament winding, res
22、intransfer molding, spray up, hand lay-up, centrifugal casting,vacuum bagging, or other methods. Ribs may be attached to theinterior or the exterior surface.5.2 Interior AccessAll manholes or wetwells shall bedesigned so that a ladder or step system can be supported bythe installed manhole or wetwel
23、l.5.3 Manway ReducerManway reducers may be eccentricor concentric with respect to the larger portion of the manhole.5.4 Cover and Ring SupportManholes shall provide anarea from which a typical ring and cover plate can be supportedwithout damage to the manhole.5.5 Assembly JointsProduct segments may
24、be joined to-gether to form a complete manhole or wetwell.5.6 Manhole or Wetwell BottomShall be designed to bewater tight and withstand the external hydraulic pressure ofwater to grade. The bottom design may include methods toanchor the bottom to a concrete base or other external structureto provide
25、 the required resistance to external pressure.5.7 Bench and InvertMay be produced from glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin or other material suitable for thecontents of the manhole. The bench and invert may include oneor more12-in. diameter holes to allow the equalization ofpressure between the m
26、anhole interior and the area under thebench and invert.6. Requirements6.1 Workmanship:6.1.1 Exterior SurfaceThe exterior surface shall be rela-tively smooth with no sharp projections. Hand-work finish isacceptable if enough resin is present to saturate all fibers. Theexterior surface shall be free o
27、f blisters larger than 0.5 in. (12.7mm) in diameter and delamination. Fibers loosely attached(can be removed with wire brush) are allowed if not excessive.6.1.2 Exterior Paint or PigmentationPaint, coatings, orhigh levels of pigmentation that impair the visual inspection ofthe laminate for excessive
28、 amounts of captured air, blisters, orother defects are not allowed.6.1.3 IndentationsIndentations or other shape imperfec-tions that will not affect performance are allowed.6.1.4 Interior SurfaceThe interior surface shall be resinrich with no exposed fibers. The surface shall be free ofcrazing, del
29、amination, blisters larger than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) indiameter, and wrinkles of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) or greater indepth. Surface pits shall be permitted up to 6/ft2(60/m2) if theyare less than 0.75 in. (19 mm) in diameter and less than 0.0625in. (1.6 mm) deep. Voids that cannot be broken with fingerpres
30、sure and that are entirely below the resin surface shall bepermitted up to 4/ft2(40/m2) if they are less than 0.5 in. (12.7mm) in diameter and less than 0.0625 in. (1.6 mm) thick.6.1.5 Interior Paint or PigmentationPaint, coatings, orhigh levels of pigmentation that impair the visual inspection ofth
31、e laminate for excessive amounts of captured air, blisters, orother defects are not allowed.6.2 RepairsAny manhole or wetwell may be repaired tomeet all requirements of this specification.6.3 DimensionsThe dimensions shall be as shown belowwhen measured in accordance with 8.3.1.6.3.1 Minimum cylinde
32、r internal diameter of the manhole orwetwell shall be 42 in. (1057 mm). The minimum reducerinside diameter shall be 21 in. (533 mm).6.3.2 Manhole or wetwell lengths shall be in 6-in. (152-mm)increments 62 in. (51 mm).6.3.3 Nominal inside diameters shall be 42 in. (1067 mm),48 in. (1219 mm), 54 in. (
33、1372 mm), 60 in. (1524 mm), 66 in.(1676 mm) and 72 in. (1829 mm). Tolerance on the insidediameter shall be 61 %. Other diameters as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer are covered bythis specification.6.4 Manhole Performance TestOne complete manholemanufactured in a manner consiste
34、nt in every way with thisspecification shall meet the performance criteria in 6.4.1 6.4.3. If a change in materials or methods of manufacturing ismade and that change may affect the results of these tests, thenD3753 1212the testing shall be repeated. These tests are to be conducted ona representativ
35、e manhole to qualify the finished productcharacteristics. They are not considered to be a quality controlprocedure and are not required for production parts.6.4.1 Load RatingThe complete manhole shall have aminimum dynamic-load rating of 16 000 lbf (71 172 N) whentested in accordance with 8.4. To es
36、tablish this rating, thecomplete manhole shall not leak, crack, or suffer other damagewhen load tested to 40 000 lbf (177 929 N) and shall notdeflect vertically downward more than 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) atthe point of load application when loaded to 24 000 lb (106 757N).6.4.2 StiffnessThe manhole cylind
37、er shall have the mini-mum pipe-stiffness values shown in Table 1 when tested inaccordance with 8.5. Stiffness requirements for other manholelengths may be interpolated between the values in Table 1.6.4.3 SoundnessThe manholes shall not leak when testedin accordance with 8.6.6.5 Wetwell StiffnessThe
38、 wetwell cylinder shall have theminimum pipe-stiffness values shown in Table 1 when tested inaccordance with 8.5. Stiffness requirements for other wetwelllengths may be interpolated between the values in Table 1.These tests are to be conducted on a representative wetwell toqualify the finished produ
39、ct characteristics. They are notconsidered to be a quality control procedure and are notrequired for production parts.6.6 Chemical ResistanceManhole or wetwell samplesmanufactured in a manner consistent in every way with thisspecification shall be tested in accordance with 8.7. The log ofpercent ret
40、ention of each property after immersion testingwhen plotted against the log of immersion time, and extrapo-lated to 100 000 h shall assure retention of at least 50 % ofinitial properties. If a change is made in the manhole construc-tion and that change may affect the results of the chemicalresistanc
41、e testing, then the testing shall be repeated. Chemicaltesting is conducted to determine the applicability of thematerials used in the manufacture of the manhole to thespecified use conditions. It is not considered to be a qualitycontrol procedure.6.7 Material PropertiesThe following properties shal
42、l beestablished for each type of construction used in the manholeor wetwell. If a change in materials or methods of manufac-turing is made and that change may affect the results of thefollowing tests, then the testing shall be repeated. Materialproperties tests are conducted to qualify the finished
43、productcharacteristics. They are not considered to be a quality controlprocedure and are not required for production parts.6.7.1 Material CompositionThe material composition ofthe manhole or wetwell in percent by weight shall be deter-mined in accordance with 8.8.1.6.7.2 Compressive StrengthThe comp
44、ressive strength inthe hoop and axial directions of the manhole or wetwell shallbe determined in accordance with 8.8.2.6.7.3 Flexural Strength and ModulusThe flexural strengthand flexural modulus of elasticity, in the hoop and axialdirections of the manhole or wetwell, shall be determined inaccordan
45、ce with 8.8.3. Where part geometry will adverselyaffect the test results (an example would be flexural testing oncurved samples taken in the hoop direction), hand fabricatedsamples made consistent with the materials and construction ofthe manhole or wetwell may be used for testing.6.8 HardnessThe su
46、rface hardness of the manhole orwetwell shall be determined in accordance with 8.8.4.6.9 ThicknessThe thickness of each manhole or wetwellcomponent part shall be determined in accordance with 8.3.2.6.10 Field Vacuum Test CapabilityEach manhole orwetwell shall be capable of withstanding a field appli
47、ed testvacuum of -5 psi (-34 kPa) gauge.7. Quality Control7.1 ExaminationEach manhole or wetwell componentpart shall be examined for workmanship dimensions, hardness,and thickness in accordance with Section 6.7.2 Composition ControlControls on glass and resin con-tent shall be maintained for all man
48、hole or wetwell manufac-turing processes. Records shall be maintained as needed toensure products meet the requirements of the specification.Proper glass content may be shown by glass usage checks, byglass and resin application rate checks, or material compositiontesting in accordance with 8.8.1.8.
49、Test Methods8.1 ConditioningSpecimens tested shall be representativeof the actual manufacturing process. Conditioning of thespecimens is not allowed unless specified by this specification.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct at ambient temperature with-out any special controls on temperature unless otherwisespecified.8.3 Dimensions:8.3.1 Measure dimensions other than thickness with a steeltape with graduations of 0.125 in. (3 mm) or less.8.3.2 ThicknessMeasure to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm)with a micrometer, caliper, gauge, or other s
