1、Designation: D7223 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Certification Turbine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agenciesin formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turb
3、inefuel under contract.1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviationturbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. Thespecification can be used as a standard in describing the qualityof this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not
4、include the fuels that arecommonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed inSpecification D1655.1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specificationmay be used in other than turbine engines that are specificallydesigned and certified for this fuel.1.5 The use of EI/IP (Energy Inst
5、itute/Institute of Petro-leum) test methods is permitted. The user of this specificationis referred to Specification D1655 (latest revision), Specifica-tion for Aviation Turbine Fuels, Paragraph 2, ReferencedDocuments and Table 1, Detailed Requirements of AviationTurbine Fuels, Column 4, Test Method
6、s, to determine thepairing of the IP test method with the particular detailedrequirement, and to Section 11, Test Methods, to identifyjointed standards and referee methods.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6.
7、1 ExceptionUnits of pressure are also given in psi.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued b
8、y the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosivenes
9、s to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298
10、Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine andAviation Turbine Fu
11、elD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescenc
12、e SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur inGasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potent
13、iometric Method)D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation Fuels1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum
14、 Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7223 16a. DOI: 10.1520/D7223-17.2For referenced ASTM sta
15、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Inter
16、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,
17、Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-acteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom-eterD4052
18、Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X
19、-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMet
20、hod)D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for ActiveSulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Eth
21、er Type) in Aviation FuelsD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6378 Test Method for
22、Determination of Vapor Pressure(VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, andHydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple ExpansionMethod)D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digi
23、ts in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Standards:AFRL-RQ-WP-TR-2013-0271 Determination of the Mini-mum Use Level of Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) inJP-8 that will Provide Adequate Icing Inhibition andBiostatic Protection for Air Force Aircraft33. General3.1 This sp
24、ecification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of aviation certification turbine fuel atthe time and place of delivery.4. Classification4.1 One type of aviation turbine fuel is provided, as follows:4.1.1 Jet C-1A relatively wide boiling range volatiledistillate.5. Material
25、s and Manufacture5.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified inthis specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocar-bons (see Note 1) derived from conventional sources includingcrude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil,and oil sands. The use of jet fuel
26、blends, containing compo-nents from other sources, is permitted only on a specific,individual basis (seeAnnexA1 on fuels from non-conventionalsources in Specification D1655).NOTE 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels ofmaterials which are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates,organ
27、osulfur, and nitrogeneous compounds.5.1.1 Fuels used in engines and aircraft are ultimatelyapproved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the typecertification program for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements
28、to an approved fuel mustalso be similarly approved on an individual basis (see Speci-fication D1655).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to this aviation turbine fuel inthe amount and of the composition specified in the followinglist of approved material:45.2.1 AntioxidantsIn amounts not to exceed 24.0 mg Lac
29、tive ingredients (not including mass of solvent):5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol.5.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, plus25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.1.5 55 %
30、minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butylphenol, plus 15 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol, remainder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-butylphenols.5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butylphenol, 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.2 Metal Deactivator
31、 Additive (MDA), in amount not toexceed 2.0 mg L (not including mass of solvent) on initial fuelmanufacture at the refinery. Higher initial concentrations arepermitted in circumstances where copper contamination issuspected to occur during distribution. Cumulative concentra-tion of MDA when retreati
32、ng the fuel shall not exceed5.7 mg L:5.2.2.1 N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine.5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 4505not toexceed 3 mg L.5.2.3.1 When loss of fuel conductivity necessitates retreat-ment with electrical conductivity additive, the following con-centration limits apply:3
33、Available from Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), 8725 John J.Kingman Road, Ft. Belvoir, VA 220606218, http:/www.dtic.mil/dtic, accessionnumber ADA595127.4Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) havebeen filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obta
34、ined by requestingResearch Report RR:D02-1125.5Stadis 450 is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., InnospecManufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.D7223 172At Manufacture:Stadis 450 3 mg L, maxRetreatment:Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg L, max5.2.4 Lea
35、k Detection AdditiveTracer A (LDTA-A)6maybe added to the fuel in amounts not to exceed 1 mg kg.5.2.5 Other additives are permitted. These include fuelsystem icing inhibitor and special purpose additives such asbiocides. The quantities and types must be declared by the fuelsupplier and agreed to by t
36、he purchaser. Only additivesapproved by the aircraft certifying authority are permitted inthe fuel on which an aircraft is operated.5.2.5.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage.Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval statusof the additive and associated conditions m
37、ust be checked forthe specific aircraft and engines to be operated.5.2.5.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DIEGME), con-forming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III,may be used in concentrations of 0.10 % to 0.15 % by volume.(2) Test Method D5006 m
38、ay be used to determine theconcentration of DIEGME in aviation fuels.5.3 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X3 ofSpecification D1655 concerning the need to control processingadditives in jet fuel production.6. Detailed Requirements6.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the require-me
39、nts prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be lessthan the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowanceshall be made for the precision of the test methods. Todetermine conformance to the specification requirement, a testresult may be rounded to the same number of
40、 significant figuresas in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determina-tions are made, the average result, rounded according toPractice E29, shall be used.6.3 If any additives are used, the aviation turbine fuel shallconform to the Table 2 listed requirements.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appe
41、arance7.1 The aviation turbine fuel herein specified shall bevisually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. The odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating.No substance of known dangerous toxicity under usual condi-tions of handling and use shall be present, except as
42、permittedin this specification.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling proce-dures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate proce-dures in Practice D4057 to obtain a representative sample fromthe batch of fuel for specification compliance testing. Thisrequirement is met
43、by producing fuel as a discrete batch thentesting it for specification compliance. This requirement is notsatisfied by averaging online analysis results.8.2 A number of jet fuel properties including thermalstability, water separation, electrical conductivity, and othersare very sensitive to trace co
44、ntamination that can originatefrom sample containers. For recommended sample containersrefer to Practice D4306.9. Report9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformancewith the requirements of this specification shall be mutuallyagreed upon by the seller and the purchaser of the aviationturb
45、ine fuel.9.2 A suggested form for reporting inspection data onaviation turbine fuel is given in Specification D1655.10. Test Methods10.1 Determine the requirements enumerated in this speci-fication in accordance with the following ASTM test methods.10.1.1 DensityTest Method D1298 or D4052. TestMetho
46、d D4052 shall be the referee test method.10.1.2 DistillationTest Method D86 or D2887 with theconversion to D86 temperatures given in correlation procedure(Appendix X5) in Test Method D2887.10.1.3 Vapor PressureTest Method D6378. Record abso-lute vapor pressure (VPx).10.1.4 Flash PointTest Method D56
47、 or D3828. TestMethod D3828 shall be the referee test method.10.1.5 Freezing PointTest Methods D2386 or D5972. TestMethod D2386 shall be the referee test method.10.1.6 ViscosityTest Method D445 or D7042. TestMethod D445 shall be the referee test method.10.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D4529,
48、D3338,orD4809. Test Method D4809 shall be the referee testmethod.10.1.8 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Test Method D130.10.1.9 Total AcidityTest Method D3242.10.1.10 SulfurTest Methods D1266, D2622, D4294,orD5453. Test Method D2622 shall be the referee test method.10.1.11 Mercaptan SulfurTest Method D3227.
49、10.1.12 MicroseparometerTest Method D3948.10.1.13 Existent GumTest Method D381.10.1.14 Thermal StabilityTest Method D3241.10.1.15 AromaticsTest Method D1319.10.1.16 Smoke PointTest Method D1322.10.1.17 Naphthalene ContentTest Method D1840.10.1.18 Electrical ConductivityTest Method D2624.10.1.19 LubricityTest Method D5001.11. Keywords11.1 aviation certification turbine fuel; aviation turbine fuel;Jet C-1; jet fuel; kerosine6Tracer A (LDTA-A) is a registered trademark of Tracer Research Corp., 3755N. Business Center Dr., Tucson, AZ 85705.D7223 173T
