ANSI ASTM E691-2016 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method.pdf
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1、Designation: E691 16 An American National StandardStandard Practice forConducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine thePrecision of a Test Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scop
3、e1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning,conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlabo-ratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniquesdescribed in this practice provide adequate information forformulating the precision statement of a test method.1.2
4、This practice does not concern itself with the develop-ment of test methods but rather with gathering the informationneeded for a test method precision statement after the devel-opment stage has been successfully completed. The dataobtained in the interlaboratory study may indicate, however,that fur
5、ther effort is needed to improve the test method.1.3 Since the primary purpose of this practice is the devel-opment of the information needed for a precision statement, theexperimental design in this practice may not be optimum forevaluating materials, apparatus, or individual laboratories.1.4 Field
6、 of ApplicationThis practice is concerned exclu-sively with test methods which yield a single numerical figureas the test result, although the single figure may be the outcomeof a calculation from a set of measurements.1.4.1 This practice does not cover methods in which themeasurement is a categoriz
7、ation; however, for many practicalpurposes categorical outcomes can be scored, such as zero-onescoring for binary measurements or as integers, ranks forexample, for well-ordered categories and then the test resultcan be defined as an average, or other summary statistic, ofseveral individual scores.1
8、.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicabi
9、lity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and S
10、tatisticsE1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness TestsE1402 Guide for Sampling DesignE2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology E456 provides a more exten-sive list of terms in E11 standards.3.1.1 accuracy, nthe closeness of agreement between a
11、test result and an accepted reference value. E1773.1.2 bias, nthe difference between the expectation of thetest results and an accepted reference value. E1773.1.3 interlaboratory study, (ILS) in ASTM, na designedprocedure for obtaining a precision statement for a test method,involving multiple labor
12、atories, each generating replicate testresults on one or more materials.3.1.4 observation, nthe process of obtaining informationregarding the presence or absence of an attribute of a testspecimen, or of making a reading on a characteristic ordimension of a test specimen. E22823.1.5 precision, nthe c
13、loseness of agreements betweenindependent test results obtained under stipulated conditions.E1773.1.6 repeatability, nprecision under repeatabilityconditions. E1773.1.7 repeatability conditions, nconditions where inde-pendent test results are obtained with the same method onidentical test items in t
14、he same laboratory by the same operatorusing the same equipment within short intervals of time. E1771This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E11 on Quality andStatistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test MethodEvaluation and Quality Control.Current edit
15、ion approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E691 15. DOI:10.1520/E0691-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
16、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.8 repeatability limit (r), nthe value below which theabsolute difference between two individ
17、ual test results obtainedunder repeatability conditions may be expected to occur with aprobability of approximately 0.95 (95 %). E1773.1.9 repeatability standard deviation, (sr), nthe standarddeviation of test result obtained under repeatability conditions.E1773.1.10 reproducibility, nprecision unde
18、r reproducibilityconditions. E1773.1.11 reproducibility conditions, nconditions where testresults are obtained with the same method on identical testitems in different laboratories with different operators usingdifferent equipment. E1773.1.12 reproducibility limit (R), nthe value below whichthe abso
19、lute difference between two test results obtained underreproducibility conditions may be expected to occur with aprobability of approximately 0.95 (95 %). E1773.1.13 reproducibility standard deviation (sR), nthe stan-dard deviation of test results obtained under reproducibilityconditions. E1773.1.14
20、 ruggedness test, na planned experiment in whichenvironmental factors or test conditions are deliberately variedin order to evaluate the effects of such variation. E11693.1.15 test determination, nthe value of a characteristic ordimension of a single test specimen derived from one or moreobserved va
21、lues. E22823.1.16 test method, na definitive procedure that producesa test result. E22823.1.17 test observation, nsee observation. E22823.1.18 test result, nthe value of a characteristic obtainedby carrying out a specified test method. E22823.1.19 test specimen, nthe portion of a test unit needed to
22、obtain a single test determination. E22823.1.20 test unit, nthe total quantity of material (containingone or more test specimens) needed to obtain a test result asspecified in the test method; see test result. E22823.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 average of the cell averages
23、, x=,nthe average of thecell averages for a particular material.3.2.2 between-laboratory consistency statistic, h, ntheratio of the cell deviation to the standard deviation of the cellaverages.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThis statistic is an indicator of how onelaboratorys cell average compares with the avera
24、ge of theother laboratories for a particular material (see X1.2.2).3.2.3 between-laboratory standard deviation, sL,nthesample standard deviation attributable to differences of testresult means among laboratories.3.2.4 between-laboratory variance, sL2,nthe sample vari-ance component attributable to d
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