1、Designation: F1447 12 An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance requirements forhelmets manufactured for use by recreation
3、al bicyclists orroller skaters. This specification recognizes the desirability oflightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is aperformance standard and is not intended to restrict design.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F1446,
4、 except where notedherein.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the product meets all of the requirements ofthe specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet anyone of the requirement
5、s of this specification is considered tohave failed the standard and should not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHea
6、dgearF2043 Classification for Bicycle Usage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 recreational bicycling, nbicycling in conditions upto Condition 3 as specified in Classification F2043.3.1.2 in-lines, nroller skates with all wheels on each skatearranged along a single
7、 longitudinal line.3.1.3 quads, nroller skates with four wheels on each skatearranged in a rectangular pattern.3.1.4 recreational roller skating, nskating horizontallyusing quads or in-lines but not roller hockey or trick rollerskating such as ramp jumping, sliding sideways, or skating onstairs.4. H
8、eadforms4.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are asspecified in the section on Test Headforms of Test MethodsF1446, using the variable mass drop assembly configuration.The appropriate size headform shall be selected in accordancewith the section on Headform Size of Test Methods F1446 forth
9、e helmet to be tested.4.2 In addition to the provisions of Test Methods F1446, thecenter of gravity of the headform must be within a 10 verticalcone from the center of impact and lie within a rectangular area28 by 12.8 mm oriented as shown in Fig. 1. The center ofgravity of the drop assembly shall l
10、ie within 6.4 mm millime-ters of the Z-X plane, which is defined for twin wire systems asthe plane containing the axes of the two guide wires, and formonorail systems as the plane containing the design center ofthe headform and the axis of the monorail. The center ofgravity of the drop assembly shal
11、l lie within 6.4 mm of the Y-Zplane on the side opposite the arm of the ball arm and within21.6 mm of the Y-Z plane on the side containing the ball armwhere the Y-Z plane is perpendicular to the Z-X plane andcontains the design center of the headform. Please see Fig. 1.The center of the anvil must b
12、e fixed in alignment with thecenter vertical axis of the accelerometer.5. Anvils and Impact Velocities5.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specificationare the flat, hemispherical, and curbstone anvils described inthe section on Apparatus of Test Methods F1446.5.2 The helmet shall be dropp
13、ed onto the flat anvil toachieve an impact velocity of 6.2 m/s (corresponding to atheoretical drop height of 2.0 m).5.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the hemispherical andcurbstone anvils to achieve an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s(corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.2 m).5.4 The impact
14、velocity shall be measured during the last 40mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 63 % of thevelocities specified in 5.2 and 5.3.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility ofSub
15、committee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1447 06. DOI:10.1520/F1447-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Se
16、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Marking the Test Line (Area of Required
17、Coverage)6.1 Place the helmet on the appropriate size headform inaccordance with the section on Headform Size Selection ofTest Methods F1446 and preload with a preload ballast weightof 5 kg.6.2 Position the helmet as specified by the manufacturershead positioning index (HPI) with the brow parallel t
18、o the basicplane.6.3 Draw a line A-B-C-D on the helmet as shown in Fig. 2.This represents the test line defined in Test Methods F1446.7. Conditioning, Number of Samples and LaboratoryEnvironment7.1 The test normally requires eight samples of each shell/liner combination.7.2 Conditioning of the sampl
19、es to be tested is described inthe section on Conditioning Environment of Test MethodsF1446, except that the ambient sample may be conditioned inan environment at 17 to 27C with a relative humidity of 20 to80 %, and the wet sample is to be submerged inverted inpotable water at a temperature of 17 to
20、 27C to an externalcrown depth of at least 305 6 25 mm.8. Impact Sites and Projections8.1 Impact sites are described in the section on Impact Sitesand Anvils of Test Methods F1446.8.2 ProjectionsAny unfaired projection extending morethan 7 mm from the helmets outer surface shall break away orcollaps
21、e when impacted with forces equivalent to those pro-duced by applicable impact-attenuation tests in Section 5.There shall be no fixture on the helmets inner surfaceprojecting more than 2 mm into the helmet interior exceptoccipital stabilizers and foam fit pads.9. Impacting Schedule9.1 All impacting
22、shall be performed in accordance withTest Methods F1446.9.2 Helmets shall be impacted with the anvils centered on orabove the test line described in Section 6.9.3 The test anvils can be oriented in any horizontal,centered position.9.4 One each hot, cold, wet, and ambient helmet shall beimpacted usin
23、g the flat and hemispherical anvils only.9.5 The curbstone anvil shall be used to impact one timeeach of the second set of four samples, one conditioned undereach of the four conditioning environments.9.6 In accordance with the section on Test Schedule of TestMethods F1446, retention system testing
24、(see Section 11) shallbe completed prior to impact testing.10. Peak Acceleration Requirements10.1 The peak acceleration (g, max) of the impulse duringthe impact shall be measured with equipment described in thesection on Apparatus of Test Methods F1446.10.2 The peak acceleration of any impact shall
25、not exceed300 g.11. Retention System Testing11.1 The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positionalstability (roll-off) test in accordance with Test Methods F1446,usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m.11.2 Dynamic Strength Retention TestThe hot, cold, andwet helmets shall be subjected to th
26、e dynamic retention testdescribed in Test Methods F1446, using a drop mass of 4 kgdropped a distance of 0.6 m.NOTE 1Overview of ball-arm as installed on impact test apparatus.NOTE 2Coordinate system as defined in FMVSS 218, revised April 6, 1988. Z axis positive downward (into page).FIG. 1 Center of
27、 Gravity for Drop AssemblyF1447 12211.2.1 The helmet shall satisfy the requirements of TestMethods F1446 and the retention system shall not elongatemore than 30 6 0.8 mm.12. Labels and Warnings12.1 In addition to the labeling requirements outlined in TestMethods F1446, the helmet shall have one of t
28、he followinginscriptions on an interior permanent label:”For use in recreational bicycling but not trick bicycling ordownhill mountain bike racing.”For use in recreational roller skating but not trick rollerskating or roller hockey.”For use in recreational bicycling or roller skating but nottrick bi
29、cycling or roller skating, downhill mountain bikeracing, or roller hockey.”13. Keywords13.1 bicycling; protective headgear ; roller skating; helmetASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users o
30、f this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fiv
31、e years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical c
32、ommittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
33、 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy th
34、e standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ YRSTA 24.0 88.0 89.7 38.0 23.0 137.0C 25.0 91.0 92.7 38.5 23.5 141.5E 26.0 94.5 96.0 39.0 24.0 146.5J 27.5 101.0 102.5 41.0 25.0 155.0M 29.0 106.0 107.0 41.0 27.0 161.0O 30.0 108.5 110.0 42.0 27.0 164.5FIG. 2 Marking the Test LineF1447 123
