1、Designation: F1871 11Standard Specification forFolded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Pipe Type A forExisting Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methodsfor materials, dimensions, workmans
3、hip, flattening resistance,impact resistance, pipe stiffness, extrusion quality, and a formof marking for folded/formed poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipefor existing sewer and conduit rehabilitation.1.2 Pipe produced to this specification is for use in non-pressure sewer and conduit rehabilitation wh
4、ere the foldedPVC pipe is installed into and then expanded to provide a closefit to the wall of the original conduit, forming a new structuralpipe-within-a-pipe.NOTE 1For installation procedures refer to Practice F1867.1.3 This specification includes pipe made only from mate-rials specified in Secti
5、on 6. This specification does not includepipe manufactured from reprocessed, recycled, or reclaimedPVC.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains on
6、ly tothe test method portion, Section 11, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicabili
7、ty of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.6 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder
8、Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Compounds and Chlorinated Pol
9、y(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) CompoundsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2152 Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of ExtrudedPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings byAcetone ImmersionD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacter
10、istics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1057 Practice for Estimating the Quality of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chlori
11、de) (PVC) Pipe by the Heat ReversionTechniqueF1867 Practice for Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vi-nyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer andConduit Rehabilitation2.2 Federal Standard:3Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.3 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-129 Marking f
12、or Shipment and Storage3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation forpoly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.1This standard is under the jurisdiction of Comm
13、ittee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on TrenchlessPlastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1871-021which waswithdrawn January 20
14、11 and reinstated in April 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F1871-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Avail
15、able from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 The term TYPE A is not an abbrev
16、iation, but rather anarbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimumvalue for modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximumvalue as defined by cell limit 1 of Specification D1784.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 folded pipe, npipe that has been manufactured andcali
17、brated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed intoa folded shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabili-tation (see Fig. 1).3.2.2 formed pipe, nA folded pipe that has been insertedinto an existing sewer or conduit and expanded with steam heatand pressure, and, if required by the manufa
18、cturer, with asqueegee device or similar device to provide a close fit to theexisting pipe (see Fig. 1).3.2.3 formed field sample, nA formed field sample isformed when the folded pipe has been inserted into a mold pipeand expanded with steam heat and pressure, and, if required bythe manufacturer, wi
19、th a squeegee device or similar device toprovide a close fit to the mold pipe.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification is for use by designers and specifiers,regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations whoare involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers andconduits. Modif
20、ications may be required, depending on specificjob conditions to establish a project specification. The manu-facturer of the product should be consulted for design andinstallation information. Industrial waste disposal lines shouldbe installed only with the specific approval of the cognizantcode aut
21、hority, since chemicals not commonly found in drainsand sewers and temperatures in excess of 140F (60C) may beencountered.5. Applications of Material5.1 The nominal folded PVC pipe sizes specified in Section8 can be obtained for use in a range of original pipe insidediameters. Table 1 presents recom
22、mended ranges that areavailable for each nominal size.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Basic MaterialsThe pipe shall be made from virginPVC compound meeting all the requirements for cell classifi-cation 12111 as defined in Specification D1784 and withminimum physical properties as listed below:Tensil
23、e Strength Test Method D638 3 600 PSI (25 MPa)Tensile Modulus Test Method D638 155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)Flexural Strength Test Method D790 4 100 PSI (28 MPa)Flexural Modulus Test Method D790 145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)Heat Deflection Test Method D648 115F (46C)Temperature tested at264 psi(2 MPa)6.1.1 Compou
24、nds meeting the above minimum propertiesthat have different cell classifications because one or moreNOTE 1This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this specification, and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other foldedpipe shapes may meet the requirements of this sp
25、ecification.FIG. 1 Folded Pipe and Formed PipeClarification of TermsF1871 112properties are greater than those of the specified compoundsare also acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed280 000 psi.6.2 Rework MaterialClean rework material from this typeof pipe, generated from the manuf
26、acturers own productionmay be used by the same manufacturer, provided that therework material meets all the requirements of 6.1 and that thepipe produced meets all the requirements of this specification.7. Other Requirements7.1 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, or brea
27、king when the rounded pipe is testedin accordance with 11.3.7.2 Pipe Impact StrengthThe impact strength of roundedpipe shall not be less than the values given in Table 2 whentested in accordance with 11.4.NOTE 2This test is intended only for use as a quality control test, notas a simulated service t
28、est.7.3 Pipe StiffnessPipe stiffness values for the roundedpipe shall comply with Table 3, when tested in accordance with11.5.7.4 Extrusion QualityThe extrusion quality of the pipeshall be evaluated by both of the following test methods.7.4.1 Acetone ImmersionThe pipe shall not flake or dis-integrat
29、e when tested in accordance with 11.6.1.7.4.2 Heat ReversionThe extrusion quality shall be esti-mated by heat reversion method in accordance with 11.6.2.7.5 Flexural PropertiesFlexural modulus of elasticity val-ues for the rounded pipe shall comply with 6.1.8. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Varia
30、tions8.1 Formed Pipe DiameterThe average outside diameterof the formed pipe shall meet the requirements given in Table4 with a tolerance of plus or minus 1.0 % when measured inaccordance with 11.2.1.8.2 Formed Pipe wall thickness of the rounded pipe, whenmeasured in accordance with 11.2.2, shall not
31、 be less than thevalues specified in Table 4.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The formed pipe shall be homogeneous throughout andfree from visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions, or otherinjurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as commerciallypractical in color, opacity, density,
32、and other physical proper-ties.10. Sampling10.1 The formed pipe sample preparation shall involve theunfolding and expansion of a folded pipe sample within a splitpipe mold with an inside diameter equal to the nominal outsidediameter as shown in Table 4. A folded pipe sample ofsufficient length, 10 f
33、t (3 m) maximum, to complete the testingrequirements shall be inserted into the split pipe mold andsecured at the ends. The assembly shall then be placed in anenclosed chamber for heating.Ambient pressure steam shall beapplied to the chamber for at least a 15-minute period at aminimum temperature of
34、 220F (104C). While maintainingthe minimum 220F temperature, the folded pipe shall then beformed by applying internal steam pressure at 5 psig (34 kPa)for a period of 2 minutes. While maintaining the 5 psig internalpressure, transition to air pressure and cool the sample to 100F(38C) or less. Remove
35、 the rounded sample from the mold fortesting.10.2 The frequency of sampling shall be as agreed upon bythe purchaser and the seller.TABLE 1 Folded PVC Pipe Recommended Size Ranges of UseNOTE 1The minimum and maximum recommended existing pipeinside diameters shown are mean inside diameters along the p
36、ipe lengthand are not intended as absolute limits on localized dimensions. Consultthe manufacturer for use of folded PVC pipe for sizes of existing pipebeyond the recommended ranges shown.Folded PipeNominal Out-side Diameter,in. (mm)Recommended ExistingPipeInside Diameter Range,in. (mm)Resulting Ins
37、talled DR RangeMin MaxDR26DR32.5DR35DR414 (102) 3.6 (91) 4.1 (104) 24-27 31-386 (152) 5.7 (145) 6.1 (155) 25-27 31-388 (203) 7.6 (193) 8.2 (208) 25-27 31-38 34-369 (229) 8.6 (218) 9.2 (234) 25-27 31-38 34-3610 (254) 9.5 (241) 10.2 (259) 25-27 31-38 34-3612 (305) 11.6 (295) 12.6 (320) 25-27 31-38 34-
38、3615 (381) 14.5 (368) 15.4 (391) 25-27 31-38 34-3618 (457) 17.6 (447) 18.2 (462) 34-36 40-42TABLE 2 Minimum Impact Strength at 73F (23C)Pipe Size, in. (mm) Impact Strength, ft-lbf (J)4 (102) 150 (203)6 (152) 210 (284)8 (203) 210 (284)9 (229) 220 (299)10 (254) 220 (299)12 (305) 220 (299)15 (381) 220
39、(299)18 (457) 220 (299)TABLE 3 Minimum Pipe Stiffness at 5 % DeflectionPipe Size,in. (mm) Pipe Stiffness, psi (kPa)DR 26 DR 32.5 DR 35 DR 414(102)18(457) 41(281.9)22(151.3)16.5(113.7)11(75.6)TABLE 4 Formed Pipe DimensionsNominalOutsideDiameter,in. (mm)Minimum Wall Thickness, in. (mm)DR 26 DR 32.5 DR
40、 35 DR 414.00 (102) 0.154 (3.91) 0.123 (3.12)6.00 (152) 0.231 (5.87) 0.185 (4.70)8.00 (203) 0.308 (7.82) 0.246 (6.25) 0.229 (5.8)9.00 (229) 0.346 (8.79) 0.277 (7.04) 0.257 (6.5)10.00 (254) 0.385 (9.78) 0.308 (7.82) 0.286 (7.3)12.00 (305) 0.462 (11.73) 0.369 (9.37) 0.343 (8.7)15.00 (381) 0.576 (14.63
41、) 0.462 (11.73) 0.429 (10.9)18.00 (457) 0.439 (11.15)F1871 11310.3 Initial and retest samples shall be drawn from the sameproduction shift.11. Test Methods11.1 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the Standard Labo-ratory Atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, with test specime
42、ns conditioned in accor-dance with Procedure A of Test Methods D618, unless other-wise specified in the test methods or in this specification.11.2 Formed Pipe Dimensions:11.2.1 Pipe DiametersMeasure the outside diameter ofthe pipe in accordance with the applicable section of TestMethod D2122. Either
43、 a tapered sleeve gage or a verniercircumferential wrap tape accurate to 60.001 in. (60.02 mm)may be used.11.2.2 Wall ThicknessMeasure the wall thickness in ac-cordance with the applicable sections of Test Method D2122.Make sufficient readings, a minimum of six, to ensure that theminimum thickness h
44、as been determined. Use a cylindricalanvil tubing micrometer accurate to 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).11.3 Pipe FlatteningFlatten three specimens of roundedpipe, 6 in. (152 mm) long, between parallel plates in a suitablepress until the distance between the plates is 40 % of theoutside diameter of the pipe.
45、 The rate of loading shall beuniform and such that the compression is completed within 2 to5 minutes. Remove the load and examine the specimens forevidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking.11.4 Impact ResistanceDetermine the impact resistance ofthe rounded pipe in accordance with the applicable s
46、ection ofTest Method D2444, using a 20-lb (9 kg) Tup A and the flatplate Holder B. Test six specimens each 6 in. (152 mm) long atthe impact levels given in Table 2. All shall pass. If one fails,test another six specimens. Eleven passes out of 12 tested shallbe acceptable.11.5 Pipe StiffnessDetermine
47、 the pipe stiffness forrounded pipe specimens using Test Method D2412. Test threespecimens, each 6 in. (152 mm) long. The pipe stiffness of eachspecimen at 5 % deflection shall equal or exceed the minimumvalue listed in Table 3.11.6 Extrusion Quality:11.6.1 Acetone ImmersionTests shall be run in acc
48、ordancewith Test Method D2152 on rounded samples, every produc-tion lot run. This procedure is used for determining theextrusion quality of extruded PVC plastic pipe as indicated byreaction to immersion in anhydrous acetone. It is applicableonly for distinguishing between unfused and properly fusedP
49、VC.11.6.2 Heat ReversionTests shall be run in accordancewith Practice F1057 on rounded pipe samples, every produc-tion lot run. The rounded pipe shall not exhibit any of theeffects listed in the suggested Interpretation of Results inPractice F1057.11.6.3 Flexural PropertiesTests shall be run on roundedpipe samples in accordance with Test Method D790, Method I,Procedure A, every production lot run.12. Inspection12.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed uponby the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.13. R
