1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0600004.2006(R2011) Equipment Surface Temperature ATIS is the leading technical planning and standards development organization committed to the rapid development of global, market-driven standards for the information, entertainment and communi
2、cations industry. More than 200 companies actively formulate standards in ATIS Committees, covering issues including: IPTV, Cloud Services, Energy Efficiency, IP-Based and Wireless Technologies, Quality of Service, Billing and Operational Support, Emergency Services, Architectural Platforms and Emer
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5、tute (ANSI). For more information, please visit . AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in
6、 the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and
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8、 procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American Nat
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11、. Notice of Disclaimer 2) Top and bottom panels isolated by equipment vertically stacked above/below; 3) Protective shields, backplanes inboard of cables/rear; or 4) Internal circuit boards and board components. The surfaces to which craftsperson may be exposed are typically equipment parts that are
12、 as a normal function of the operation or servicing of the equipment: 1) Equipment surfaces that the hands, arms, or face of the craftsperson may contact. 2) Equipment surfaces that could cause burns or result in unexpected reaction of craftsperson. 3) Equipment surfaces such as handles, circuit pac
13、k dislodging levers, or retaining hardware that require a craftsperson to have prolonged exposure shall have lower temperature limits than surfaces with shorter exposure time. These surfaces shall have lower temperature limits than surfaces with shorter exposure time. ATIS-0600004.2006 2 The stated
14、temperature limits do not include the direct exhaust air discharge temperatures of equipment. However, if applicable equipment surface temperatures should become elevated by the heated exhaust airflow, the temperature limits would apply to those surfaces. 1.3 Temperature Limits and Duration of Expos
15、ure The objectives are surfaces that meet the 10-minute criteria shown in Table 1. Thermal conductivity of materials may be used to evaluate and mitigate the surface temperature exposure risks. See Annex A for instruction on how to calculate example limits. Definition of contact or exposure times ar
16、e established in Table 1. Table 1 - Temperature Limits of Touchable Surfaces (Reference BS EN 13202: 2000 and BS EN 563: 1994) Exposure Time C (F) Materials Incidental Contact2Parts Held For Short Periods In Normal Use3Prolonged Use4Uncoated Metal165 (149) 55 (131) 48 (118) Coated Metals 74 (165) 56
17、 (133) 48 (118) Plastics 85 (185) 70 (158) 48 (118) 1. Uncoated metals may be plated and/or have a conversion coating. Conversion coatings are assumed to be thermally conductive 2. Incidental contact may be accidental and is very short in duration: 1 second or less. 3. Parts held in normal use, are
18、expected to be held up to 10 seconds. Examples may include extractor tabs, handles, knobs, and grips. Examples may also include surfaces handled during maintenance, repair, or upgrade. 4. Prolonged use is anywhere between 10 seconds and 10 minutes. Examples may include surfaces handled during more e
19、xtensive maintenance and repair procedures. 1.4 Units of Measure Units of measure in this standard are shown in both SI and American Standard Units. Where a unit of measure is followed by a value enclosed in parentheses, the second value may be a mathematical approximation of the first value. 2 NORM
20、ATIVE REFERENCES This report contains material from other publications. These references are cited at the appropriate places in the text are listed below and available from appropriate standards body publishers. The standards and documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, c
21、onstitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were ATIS-0600004.2006 3 valid. All standards are subject to revision; however, only the editions cited are applicable for this standard. BS EN 13202: 2000, Ergonomics of the Thermal Environme
22、nt - Temperatures of Touchable Hot Surfaces - Guidance for Establishing Surface Temperature Limit Values in Product Standards with the Aid of EN 563. BS EN 563: 1994 + A1:1999, Safety of Machinery - Temperatures of Touchable Surfaces - Ergonomics Data to Establish Temperature Limit Values for Hot Su
23、rfaces. 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 Central Office: An environmentally controlled space in which a telecommunications network facility switching system and other associated operating systems are installed. 3.2 Circuit board: Synonymous with a printed circuit board, a printed wiring board, a line card, or othe
24、r board mounted assembly. 3.3 Coated metals: Painted, enameled, or covered 85% or more with a plastic label. 3.4 Incidental contact: May be accidental or intentional, but momentary. 3.5 Parts held in normal use: May be held up to 10 seconds. 3.6 Plastic material: Non-organic, non-ceramic. Plastics m
25、ay be metalized, painted, or plain resin. 3.7 Prolonged use: Up to 10 minutes in duration. 3.8 Uncoated metals: Untreated aluminum, aluminum with a conversion coating, steel with a metallic coating with or without a conversion coating, or similar material. 4 LAB TEST PROCEDURES Equipment verificatio
26、n tests shall be performed on network equipment to confirm exposed exterior surfaces are in conformance to temperature limits stated in this document. The equipment shall be subjected to temperature measurements using equipment that can detect emitted energies from a materials surface. Instruments s
27、uch as infrared thermometers are recommended to perform these measurements because of their relatively rapid operation, high accuracy, and “non-contact” abilities. These features permit infrared thermometers to measure equipment that has varying surface temperature distributions. These features also
28、 eliminate temperature change resulting from personnel contact, allow measurement of equipment undergoing rapid thermal changes, allow measurements of isolated equipment, and to perform measurements of materials with low thermal conductivity. 4.1 Infrared Thermometer Measurement Method Thermal measu
29、rement equipment shall have adjustment for emissivity between 0.1 to 1.0 to compensate for thermal emittance of the material being measured. The measurement equipment shall be calibrated to the appropriate emissivity settings for materials being measured. If the emissivity value of the material is n
30、ot known, follow the instrument manufacturers instructions to determine the appropriate setting. The surface to be measured by the infrared thermometer shall be an approximately 0.5 inch diameter spot on the target surface. The measurement tool shall be positioned at appropriate distance from equipm
31、ent for the 0.5 inch diameter spot based on the infrared thermometers distance to spot ratio (field of view). For target surfaces smaller than the 0.5 inch ATIS-0600004.2006 4 diameter measuring spot, the infrared spot should be reduced so the target area is at least twice as large as the spot size.
32、 The network equipment to be measured for surface temperature shall be operating and allowed to run at room temperature for 24 hours (or when thermal stabilization has been achieved prior to making measurements; thermal stabilization is when three successive thermal readings of +/- 1C have been made
33、 in a time period of 60 minutes). Measurements should be made at room temperature and normalized to 23 deg. C (73 deg. F). Using the infrared thermometer scan the equipment surfaces and record the following: 1. The maximum temperature and its location on the front surface of the equipment. 2. The ma
34、ximum temperatures and location of surfaces other than the front face of the equipment to which a person may be exposed. 3. After a 15 minute period, re-measure the locations identified in items 1. and 2. above. Record the temperature readings and the emissivity setting. Describe the measured surfac
35、es by part description. State whether the part is a short-term or long-term exposure surface and describe the location. 4.2 Sensor Measurement Method Sensor measurement methods may include Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD), Thermistors, Thermocouples, and Solid State PN Junction devices. For be
36、st possible accuracy, platinum RTD Class A, band 5 devices or equivalent are recommended. Devices used in this method shall be attached to the measured surfaces with thermally conductive adhesive but not electrically conductive paste. Apply measurement sensor to the immediate surface to be measured
37、in an appropriate manner such that any gradients that may result from placement of the sensor are minimized. “Peak heat” location on an exposed surface should be determined and once identified, the temperature measuring sensor shall be placed as near to that location as possible. The network equipme
38、nt to be measured for surface temperature shall be configured and operating to represent a typical system in its fully deployed state. The system should be allowed to run at room temperature for 24 hours (or when thermal stabilization has been achieved prior to making measurements). Measurements sho
39、uld be made at room temperature and normalized to 23 deg. C (73 deg. F). Record the temperature readings. Describe the measured surfaces by part description. State whether the part is a short-term or long-term exposure surface and describe the location. Measurements shall be made in an environment w
40、here the external airflow cannot have an appreciable effect on the test results. 4.3 Calibration Measurement instruments shall be calibrated using industry accepted procedures on an annual basis. The calibration data shall be available if requested. The calibration procedure or methodology should be
41、 such that when accomplished, the objective to achieve temperature measurements within +/- 2.0 degree C accuracy over a 23 degree C to +90 degree C range shall be obtainable. ATIS-0600004.2006 5 Annex A (Informative) A THERMAL INERTIA For short duration contact (less than or equal to 5 seconds), the
42、 temperature limits for a given material may be obtained by using the thermal inertia (product of thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) thermal conductivity of the material and comparing it with materials having known thermal inertias and for which the temperature limits are defined. It
43、should be noted that other material properties, such as softening temperature and the relative thermal index (RTI), might limit the materials use at a particular temperature. A.1 Formula to take into account actual thermal inertia of a particular surface material For the following applicable equatio
44、n, T limit is the surface temperature (oC) prior to touch as a function of epidermal thickness “” (mm), thermal inertia of material (product of thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) “c” (cal2/cm4oC2sec), and duration of contact “t” (sec). Applicable Equation: T-limit = 10 1.094 * * (t -0
45、.184) + log 10(0.49) - 0.412 * log 10t * (kc -1/2+ 31.5) + 41 Calculation of a FACTOR from the equation for different defined temperature limits for metal using the thermal inertia of aluminum as representative of common metals and an epidermal thickness = 0.254. FACTOR Temp Limit of 65C for Metal 6
46、5.00041085 (1 second exposure) substituting 1.65 for t 0.71451 t= 1.65 Temp Limit of 58C for Metal 58.0046659 (4 second exposure) substituting 3.23 for t 0.50624 t= 3.23 Using these factors, the temperature limit for a material that would yield similar results (i.e., reaction, perception of pain, et
47、c.) as metal for a given temperature requirement can be calculated if the thermal inertia (product of thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) is known. T-limit = (FACTOR) ( kc -1/2+ 31.5) + 41 ATIS-0600004.2006 6 Table A.1 - EXAMPLES of Temperature Limits for some Materials using the Equation MATERIAL 1/kpc1/2Temperature Limit for Metal (C) T-Limit (C) Aluminum 2.09 65 65 58 58 Polyetherimide 73.5 65 116.0 58 94.2
