1、Specification forthe Application of Thermal SprayCoatings toMachine Elementsfor OEM andRepairAWS C2.19/C2.19M:2013An American National StandardAWS C2.19/C2.19M:2013An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 29, 2013Specification for the Application of Therm
2、al Spray Coatings to Machine Elements for OEM and Repair1st EditionPrepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) C2 Committee on Thermal SprayUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard defines requirements for thermal spray
3、coating systems for OEM and repair applications. Included areHVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) coatings that can be used as an alternative to hard chrome plating. The essentialequipment, procedures for surface preparation, and the application of specific thermal spray coatings and sealers aredetailed
4、 with in-process quality control checkpoints. This standard also presents management requirements and proce-dures for qualification, procedure approval, and documentation. Also covered are approved applications for thermal sprayprocesses used for OEM and repair of machinery components along with min
5、imum training requirements for thermalspray operators and inspectors. This specification has several annexes including annexes on safety, protocols for the U.S.Navy shipboard machinery, bend testing, and bond testing.ISBN-13: 978-0-87171-841-9 2013 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrint
6、ed in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photoco
7、py items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
8、01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .AWS C2.19/C2.19M:2013iiAWS C2.19/C2.19M:2013iiiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consens
9、us standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other go
10、vernmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry
11、 the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed thr
12、ough a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or v
13、erify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting
14、 from the publication, use of, or reliance onthis standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information publishedherein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf
15、 of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable c
16、are in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or suppleme
17、nted by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they havethe latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not auth
18、orize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept anyand all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, polic
19、e, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the Ameri
20、can Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36thSt, #130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex G).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to us
21、ers of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations
22、ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray. It must be reviewed everyfive years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or wit
23、hdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or dele-tions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWSHeadquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray and theauthor of the co
24、mments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend allmeetings of the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of anadverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of
25、 the Technical ActivitiesCommittee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36thSt, #130 Miami,FL 33166.Dedication“The C2 Committee on Thermal Spray, humbly dedicates this edition of AWS C2.19/C2.19M: 2013 Specification for theApplication of Thermal Spray Coa
26、tings to Machine Elements for OEM and Repair to Elliot Sampson and Bob Sulit inrecognition of their longstanding dedication to the C2A Sub and C2 Main committee and their efforts in the advancementof the art and science of thermal spray technology. Sampson and Sulit were active members of the C2A su
27、bcommitteesince its creation and were instrumental in the migration of the MIL-STD-1687A(SH), Thermal Spray Processes forNaval Ship Machinery Applications, to this C2.19 document, an ANSI approved AWS Standard.”AWS C2.19/C2.19M:2013ivAWS C2.19/C2.19M:2013vPersonnel PageAWS C2 Committee on Thermal Sp
28、rayD.A. Lee, Chair Kennametal StelliteA.P. Yanski, Vice Chair Praxair TAFAE.H. Abrams, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. Beneteau Centerline LtdM. Froning The Boeing CompanyL.F. Grimenstein Nation Coating Systems Inc.J.O. Hayden Hayden CorpW. Medford ConsultantB. Mosier Polymet CorpK. Sampath Cha
29、rt IndustriesC. Sauer NAVAIR In-Service Support CenterK.L. Sender Sulzer Metco (US) Inc.M.F. Smith Sandia National LaboratoriesS. Szapra Naval Surface Warfare CenterR.Unger Polymet CorpR.J. Wong Naval Surface Warfare CenterAdvisors to the C2 Committee on Thermal SprayC.C. Berndt Swinburne University
30、 of TechnologyM.R. Dorfman Sulzer Metco (US) Inc.A.J. Grubowski DDL OMNID. Guillen INEELA. Roy Quality Calibration therefore, each system must be used independently.1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and healthinformation such as Pers
31、onal Protective Equipment is provided in clause 6, but such issues are not fully addressed herein.Annex A provides more comprehensive safety and health information specific to thermal spray.Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1,
32、 Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Material Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufactu
33、rersAWS C2.19/C2.19M:20132Applicable Regulatory AgenciesU.S. Department of Labor Regulations:(1) CFR-29, Part 1910.107 Spray Finishing using Flammable and Combustible LiquidsWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, andmay invol
34、ve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safetyand health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program toaddress such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements
35、. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when devel-oping the safety program.2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this AWS stan-dard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall appl
36、y. For dated references, subsequentamendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. A list of informative references are provided inAnnex G.AMS Standards:1AMS 2447, Coating, Thermal Spray High Velocity Oxygen/Fuel ProcessASTM Standards:2ASTM 633, Test Method for Adhesive/Cohes
37、ive Strength of Flame Sprayed Coatings.ASTM 4285, Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air.ASTM E527.07, Standard Practice for numbering Metals and their Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS).AWS Standards:3AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding terms and Definitions Including Terms for
38、 Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal SprayingAWS A5.7, Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrode.AWS C2.16/C2.16M, Guide for Thermal-Spray Operator QualificationAWS C2.21M/C2.21, Specification for Thermal Spray Equipment Acceptance Inspec
39、tion.AWS C2.25/C2.25M, Specification for Thermal Spray FeedstockSolid and Composite Wires, and Ceramic RodsSSPC Standards:4SSPC-SP 1, Solvent Cleaning.SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1, White Metal Blast Cleaning.SSPC-VIS 1, Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Blast Cleani
40、ngU.S. DOD Specifications:5MIL-A-18455C NOT 1, Argon, Technical.1AMS standards are published by SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096. Web: http:/www.sae.org2American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Web: http:/www.
41、astm.org.3American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36thSt, #130, Miami, FL 33166. Web: http:/www.aws.org.4Available from SSPC, Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15222. Web: http:/www.sspc.org.5Available from Department of Defense Single Stock Point (DODSSP), Document Automatio
42、n and Production Service, 700Robbins Ave., Bldg. 4-D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone: (215) 697-2971, Fax: (215) 697-1485, Internet:http:/U.S. Federal Specifications:6A-A-59315 Series, Powder Materials for Flame and Plasma Sprayed Coatings.BB-A-106, Acetylene, Technical, Dissolved.BB-H-866,
43、Gaseous Hydrogen Grades for Cutting and Welding and as a Lifting Medium for BalloonsBB-H-1168, Helium, Technical.BB-0-925A, Oxygen, Technical, Gas and LiquidU.S. Department of Labor Regulations:7CFR-29, Part 1910.107, Spray Finishing using Flammable and Combustible Liquids.3. Terms and DefinitionsAW
44、S A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, provides the basis for terms and definitions used herein. However,the following terms and definitions are included to accommodate usage specific to th
45、is document.abrasive blasting. A method of cleaning or surface roughening by a forcibly projected stream of abrasive particles.AW. Arc wire thermal spray process, also known as electric arc spraying or twin wire arc process in this document andthe thermal spray community; not to be confused with arc
46、 welding by the traditional welding community.blister. A raised area, often domed shaped, resulting from a loss of adhesion between the coating and the substrate.bond coat. A preliminary (or prime) coat of material that improves adherence of the subsequent thermal spray coating.coating. A nonstandar
47、d term when used for thermal spray deposit. (see AWS A3.0M/A3.0)coating system. One or more thermal spray coatings that are qualified for use singly or in combination. An example of aone-coating system is a stainless steel coating applied for restoration of dimensions. An example of a two-coating sy
48、s-tem is a nickel-base bond coat and ceramic finish coat for a steam posite powder. Powder particles that are formed by physically combining two or more materials in intimate contact,so that the end particles function as a unit.electric arc spraying. A thermal spray process wherein the heat source i
49、s an electric arc struck between two consumableelectrodes of a coating feedstock, and compressed gas (usually air) is used to atomize and propel the feedstock mate-rial to the workpiece.feedstock. Any consumable form of spray material used in application of a coating.flame spraying. A thermal spray process wherein an oxyfuel gas flame is utilized as the source of heat for melting thecoating materials in powder, wire, rod, or cored form. Compressed gas may or may not be used for atomizing and pro-pelling the material to the workpiece.FP. Flame powder.fused ther
