1、AWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015An American National StandardSpecification for Thermal Spray Equipment Performance VerificationAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015An American National StandardApproved byAmerican National Standards InstituteOctober 27, 2015Specification forThermal Spray EquipmentPerformance Verification2nd
2、EditionSupersedes AWS C2.21M/C2.21:2003Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) C2 Committee on Thermal SprayingUnder the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by the AWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard specifies the essential elements of a procedure for verifying
3、 the performance of thermal spray equipment to ensure it is capable of operating according to the manufacturers specifications or those established by the User. iiISBN: 978-0-87171-873-02015 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No por
4、tion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroo
5、m use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: .AWS C2.21M/C2.21:
6、 2015iiiAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance wi
7、th the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full l
8、egal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other
9、document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that
10、 brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the sound
11、ness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this
12、standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking
13、 to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumed
14、that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amendments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on
15、 the latest editions of AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name
16、. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard,
17、 nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Di
18、rector, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex D). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not co
19、nstitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are
20、 informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spraying. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations
21、, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spraying and the author of the comments will be informed of th
22、e Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spraying to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activitie
23、s Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.ivAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015This page is intentionally blank.vAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015PersonnelAWS C2 Committee on Thermal SprayingD. A. Lee, Chair Kennametal, IncorporatedA. P. Yans
24、ki, Vice Chair Praxair TAFAJ. M. Rosario, Secretary American Welding SocietyW. J. Arata Carpenter Powder ProductsD. Beneteau Centerline Ltd.M. M. Blasingame Superior Shot Peening, IncorporatedT. J. Connelly Green Belting Industries, Ltd.M. Froning The Boeing CompanyD. T. Haegele Select ArcJ. O. Hayd
25、en Hayden CorporationN. M. Karinchak Platt BrothersI. R. Lasa Florida Department of TransportationW. M. Medford INSPEC, IncorporatedD. R. Moody Plasma Powders and SystemsB. Mosier Polymet CorporationK. Sampath Chart IndustriesC. Sauer NAVAIRK. L. Sender Oerlikon Metco (US), IncorporatedS. Szapra Nav
26、al Surface Warfare CenterR. H. Unger Polymet CorporationAdvisors to the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal SprayingR. Ahmed RasGas Co. Ltd.C. C. Berndt IRISB. T. Costello NAVSEAM. R. Dorfman Oerlikon Metco (US), IncorporatedL. F. Grimenstein Nation Coating Systems, IncorporatedA. J. Grubowski DDL OMNID. Gu
27、illen Idaho National LaboratoryJ. A. Kapur Bay State Surface TechnologiesA. Roy Quality Calibration and ConsultingC. Tudor International MetalFusion CorporationT. H. Via Via TechnologiesM. Weinstein Wall Colmonoy CorporationviAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015AWS C2G Subcommittee on Thermal Spray EquipmentD. Be
28、neteau, Chair Centerline Ltd.J. M. Rosario, Secretary American Welding SocietyM. M. Blasingame Superior Shot Peening, IncorporatedJ. A. Kapur Bay State Surface TechnologiesD. A. Lee Kennametal, IncorporatedC. A. McAfee Hess CorporationD. R. Moody Plasma Powders and SystemsAdvisors to the AWS C2G Sub
29、committee on Thermal Spray EquipmentJ. O. Hayden Hayden CorporationF. S. Rogers Thermion, IncorporatedA. Roy Quality Calibration and ConsultingK. L. Sender Oerlikon Metco (US), IncorporatedD. W. Wright Accuwright Industries, IncorporatedA. P. Yanski Praxair TAFAviiAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015ForewordThis
30、foreword is not a part of AWS C2.21M/C2.21:2015, Specification for Thermal Spray Equipment Performance Verification, but is included for information purposes only.Predictable, consistent, and reliable thermal spray equipment performance is essential for proper application of the thermal spray proces
31、s. Verifying the thermal spray equipment is operating according to the manufacturers specifications, and established standards is an important part of a thermal spray quality assurance program.The first version of this standard, titled Specification for Thermal Spray Equipment Acceptance Inspection,
32、 was published in 2003 as a response to ISO 14231:2000, Thermal SprayingAcceptance Inspection of Thermal Spraying Equipment. The purpose of the standard was to provide a systematic approach to assure a purchaser the equipment has the capability to operate as the manufacturer intended. While verifica
33、tion of function at the time of purchase was a good first step, the industry also has a need to assure ongoing functional capability.The change in title of this second edition reflects an expanded scope, which now includes a definition of the ongoing requirements for verification of equipment perfor
34、mance. Prescriptive design and performance requirements have been eliminated. Calibration considerations, processes, and procedures have been incorporated.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spra
35、ying, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.viiiAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015This page is intentionally blank.ixAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 2015Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword viiList of Tables . x1. General Requirements 11.1 Scope . 11.2 Units of Measure 11.3 Safety . 12. Norm
36、ative References . 23. Terms and Definitions . 24. Performance Verification Procedure 34.1 Scope of Work 34.2 Verification Schedule . 44.3 Responsibilities 45. Inspection Activities 55.1 Equipment Identification . 55.2 General Housekeeping . 55.3 Visual Inspection . 55.4 As-found/As-left Condition .
37、 65.5 Equipment Isolation . 65.6 Critical Systems Inspection . 65.7 Maintenance 75.8 Preventative Maintenance 75.9 Upgrades 75.10 Calibration . 75.11 Supplemental Training . 95.12 Performance Report . 95.13 Follow-up . 96. Process Controls 96.1 Ambient Conditions . 96.2 Input Voltage 106.3 Gases 106
38、.4 Liquid-Fueled Systems 126.5 Input Energy 126.6 Stabilization Time . 126.7 Feedstock . 126.8 Process Feedback Sensors . 12xAWS C2.21M/C2.21: 20157. Process-Specific Considerations . 127.1 Arc Spraying Systems 127.2 Flame Spraying Equipment for Powder, Wire, Rod, and Cord (including HVOF) . 127.3 P
39、lasma Spraying Equipment . 138. Reporting . 138.1 Labeling . 138.2 Report 13Annex A (Informative)Useful Gas Flow Calculations 15Annex B (Informative)Liquid Properties 19Annex C (Informative)Informative References 21Annex D (Informative)Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquires for AWS Technic
40、al Committees 23List of AWS Documents on Thermal Spraying . 24List of TablesTables Page No.1 Standard Thermal Spray Equipment Classifications 7A.1 Example Gas Flow Conversion Constants . 15A.2 Properties of Common Process Gases at 0C 32F . 16A.3 Properties of Common Process Gases at 20C 68F . 17B.1
41、Properties of Common Process Liquids . 191AWS C2.21M/C2.21: 20151. General Requirements1.1 Scope. This standard describes the essential elements of a procedure to verify performance of equipment and systems used for thermal spraying. These equipment and systems include the thermal spray gun, gas con
42、sole, control apparatus, and feedstock supply system. Other external systems and apparatus such as a gas or fuel management system, sound abatement, dust collection, automation, fire suppression, and finishing systems are beyond the scope of this document.This specification does not address all of t
43、he thermal spray process variations or equipment configurations. However, the principles presented may be a starting point for establishing a customized verification procedure.It is not the intent of this standard to address process validation; to ensure a process is producing, or capable of produci
44、ng, desired coatings. This specification does not address all of the essential process variables necessary for thermal spray process qualification. This specification does not address equipment design standards, provisions, requirements, codes, or regulations that may apply to the thermal spray equi
45、pment or its installation.The standard can be applied at the time of installation and any other times or intervals the User deems appropriate to ensure the equipment is capable of operating to the manufacturers specifications or other specifications deemed applicable by the User. 1.2 Units of Measur
46、e. This standard makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary units. The latter are shown within brackets ( ) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently.1.3 Safety. S
47、afety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and health information is provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein. Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding
48、, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Safety Data Sheets (SDS), Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), or Product Safety Data Sheets (PSDS), supplied by materials manufacturer
49、s(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory AgenciesSpecification for Thermal Spray Equipment Performance Verification2AWS C2.21M/C2.21: 20152. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions of this AWS standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. American Welding Society (AWS)
