1、Specification for Induction BrazingAWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1An American National StandardAWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1An American National StandardApproved by American National Standards Institute December 15, 2015Amendment: June 16, 2017Specification for Induction Brazing4th EditionSupersedes AWS C3.5M/C
2、3.5:2007Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingUnder the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by the AWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the minimum fabrication, equipment, and process procedure requirements, a
3、s well as inspec-tion requirements for the induction brazing of steels, copper, copper alloys, and heat- and corrosion-resistant alloys and other materials that can be adequately induction brazed (the induction brazing of aluminum alloys is addressed in AWS C3.7M/C3.7, Specification for Aluminum Bra
4、zing). This specification provides criteria for classifying induction brazed joints based on loading and the consequences of failure and quality assurance criteria defining the limits of acceptability in each class. The specification defines acceptable induction brazing equipment, materials, and pro
5、cedures, as well as the required inspection for each class of joint.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1iiISBN: 978-0-87171-875-4 2016 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval syste
6、m, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use o
7、nly of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropri-ate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: .AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1iiiStatement on Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll
8、 standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American Nationa
9、l Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be a
10、pproved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, chang
11、es in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consen
12、sus. While the AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any inju
13、ry to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness
14、of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these
15、 documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately quali
16、fied and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publica-tion of amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards including amendme
17、nts, errata, and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilitie
18、s for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so. On occasion,
19、 text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate
20、technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may b
21、e rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral o
22、pinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. It must be re
23、viewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive caref
24、ul consideration by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments.Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering to express their comments verbally. Procedures for a
25、ppeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1ivThis page is intentionally b
26、lank.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1vPersonnel (Amendment)AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingG. L. Alexy, Chair Alexy MetalsC. M. Volpe, 1stVice Chair Senior Aerospace Metal Bellows DivisionR. R. Xu, 2ndVice Chair Rolls-Royce CorporationJ. R. Douglass, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. E. Budinger
27、 General Electric AviationJ. A. Bush The Prince therefore, a series of five independent specifications on brazing have been written, all in the same format. These are AWS C3.4M/C3.4, Specification for Torch Brazing; the present document, AWS C3.5M/C3.5, Specification for Induction Brazing; AWS C3.6M
28、/C3.6, Specification for Furnace Brazing; AWS C3.7M/C3.7, Specification for Aluminum Brazing; and AWS C3.9M/C3.9, Specification for Resistance Brazing.The decision to subdivide the technology in this way was based on a survey of production brazing applications conducted by the AWS C3 Committee on Br
29、azing and Soldering. The survey demonstrated that these five specifications would cover the vast majority of brazing performed today.There is not a direct conversion of the MIL-B-7883 Grades and the AWS Classes and the quality assurance requirements differ. The cancellation of MIL-B-7883 was not int
30、ended to add additional inspection requirements to legacy hardware (i.e., MIL-B-7883 Grade B with only external inspection was not intended to become AWS Class B with internal NDT requirements). Each Organization Having Quality Responsibility must provide instructions on how or if the cancellation i
31、s to be handled for their hardware.After the completion of the brazing specifications, it was determined that a document providing specific criteria and requirements for the application of ultrasonic testing to brazed joints was needed. Therefore, AWS C3.8M/C3.8, Specification for the Ultrasonic Pul
32、se-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints, was written to complement this series.This fourth edition supersedes AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2007, bearing the same title. Revisions made to this edition were coor-dinated with changes in AWS C3.4M/C3.4 and AWS C3.6M/C3.6, incorporating many of the improvements in the 20
33、11 edition of AWS C3.7M/C3.7, and coordinating the wording between the three documents. Revisions were made through-out the document.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering, American We
34、lding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1xivThis page is intentionally blank.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1xvAmendmentThe following Amendment has been identified and is incorporated in this reprint.AWS Standard: C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1, Specification for Induction BrazingAm
35、endment Number: 1Subject: Replace Subclause 5.5 with the following:5.5 Qualification of Brazing Procedures and Personnel. Brazing procedures and personnel shall be qualified in accordance with AWS B2.2/B2.2M, Specification for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification. Requirements of the Orga
36、nization Having Quality Responsibility may replace or supplement the qualification requirements of B2.2/B2.2M.5.5.1 Production brazing shall be performed in accordance with a Brazing Procedure Specification (BPS) qualified in accordance with AWS B2.2/B2.2M, as a minimum. If the procedure consists of
37、 more than one brazing cycle for product fabrication, all cycles shall be so qualified, documented, and approved. Essential variables for qualified brazing proce-dures shall be as specified in AWS B2.2/B2.2M and supplemented by requirements of the Organization Having Quality Responsibility, if appli
38、cable.5.5.2 Brazing operators shall be qualified in accordance with the applicable requirements of AWS B2.2/B2.2M.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1xviThis page is intentionally blank.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016-AMD1xviiTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiAmendment . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.4 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34. Classification of Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34.1 Method of Classifi
45、cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34.2 Class A Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . .44.3 Class B Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.4 Class C Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.5 No Class Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45. Process Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.1 Process Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.2 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.3 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4 Procedure Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.5 Qualification of Brazing Procedures and Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.6 Safety and Health . .
