1、Specification forInduction BrazingAWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016An American National StandardAWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016An American National StandardApproved byAmerican National Standards InstituteDecember 15, 2015Specification forInduction Brazing4th EditionSupersedes AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2007Prepared by theAmerican Weldin
2、g Society (AWS) C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the minimum fabrication, equipment, and process procedure requirements, as well as inspec-tion requirements for th
3、e induction brazing of steels, copper, copper alloys, and heat- and corrosion-resistant alloys andother materials that can be adequately induction brazed (the induction brazing of aluminum alloys is addressed in AWSC3.7M/C3.7, Specification for Aluminum Brazing). This specification provides criteria
4、 for classifying induction brazedjoints based on loading and the consequences of failure and quality assurance criteria defining the limits of acceptabilityin each class. The specification defines acceptable induction brazing equipment, materials, and procedures, as well as therequired inspection fo
5、r each class of joint.ISBN: 978-0-87171-875-4 2016 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, record
6、ing, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided
7、 that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016iiStatement on Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications
8、, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included
9、in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become
10、a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between t
11、he contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in t
12、he development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial
13、, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on thisstandard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is
14、 neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek thea
15、dvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions.
16、 This standard may also be corrected through publica-tion of amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editionsof AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Usersshould ensure that
17、 they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept anyand all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringeme
18、nt of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so. Onoccasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discover
19、ed, are posted onthe AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Ma
20、naging Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do
21、not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions
22、are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommen
23、dations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing andSoldering and the author of the comments will be infor
24、med of the Committees response to the comments.Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering to express their commentsverbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules ofOperation of the Technica
25、l Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American WeldingSociety, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016iiiAWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016ivThis page is intentionally blank.PersonnelAWS C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingR. W. Smith, Chair S-Bond TechnologiesG.
26、L. Alexy, 1stVice Chair Alexy MetalsC. M. Volpe, 2ndVice Chair Senior Aerospace Metal Bellows DivisionJ. R. Douglass, Secretary American Welding SocietyJ. J. Bassindale Woodward, IncorporatedD. E. Budinger General Electric AviationJ. A. Bush The Prince therefore, a series of five independent specifi
27、cations on brazing have been written, all in the same format. These are AWSC3.4M/C3.4, Specification for Torch Brazing; the present document, AWS C3.5M/C3.5, Specification for InductionBrazing; AWS C3.6M/C3.6, Specification for Furnace Brazing; AWS C3.7M/C3.7, Specification for Aluminum Brazing;and
28、AWS C3.9M/C3.9, Specification for Resistance Brazing.The decision to subdivide the technology in this way was based on a survey of production brazing applications conductedby the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. The survey demonstrated that these five specifications wouldcover the vast maj
29、ority of brazing performed today.There is not a direct conversion of the MIL-B-7883 Grades and the AWS Classes and the quality assurance requirementsdiffer. The cancellation of MIL-B-7883 was not intended to add additional inspection requirements to legacy hardware(i.e., MIL-B-7883 Grade B with only
30、 external inspection was not intended to become AWS Class B with internal NDTrequirements). Each Organization Having Quality Responsibility must provide instructions on how or if the cancellationis to be handled for their hardware.After the completion of the brazing specifications, it was determined
31、 that a document providing specific criteria andrequirements for the application of ultrasonic testing to brazed joints was needed. Therefore, AWS C3.8M/C3.8,Specification for the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints, was written to complement this series.This fourth edition supersedes
32、 AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2007, bearing the same title. Revisions made to this edition were coor-dinated with changes in AWS C3.4M/C3.4 and AWS C3.6M/C3.6, incorporating many of the improvements in the 2011edition of AWS C3.7M/C3.7, and coordinating the wording between the three documents. Revisions were made
33、 through-out the document.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016ixAWS C3.5M/C3.5:2016xThis page is in
34、tentionally blank.Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vForeword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Safety.
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . 22. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. Classification of Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Method of Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Class A Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Class B Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 Class C Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 No Class Specified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45. Process Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Process Description . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 M
44、aterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 Procedure Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . . . . 65.5 Brazing Procedure Specification (BPS) Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.6 Safety and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . 86. Quality Assurance Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 Responsibility for Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 Requirements for Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.3 Inspection Personnel Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 Sequence of Inspection and Manufacturing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.5 Required Inspection of Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . 96.6 Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.7 Process Completion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex A (Informative)Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Annex B (Informative) Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . .
