1、AWS 2013An American National StandardD17.2/D17.2M:Specification forResistance Weldingfor AerospaceApplicationsAWS D17.2/D17.2M:2013An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteOctober 30, 2012Specification forResistance Welding forAerospace Applications2nd Edition
2、Supersedes AWS D17.2/D17.2M:2007Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace IndustryUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the general resistance wel
3、ding requirements for aerospace hardware. It includes, but is notlimited to, resistance spot and resistance seam welding of aluminum, magnesium, iron, nickel, cobalt, and titanium-based alloys. There are requirements for machine and procedure qualification, production witness samples, and inspec-tio
4、n and acceptance criteria for aerospace hardware.iiAWS D17.2/D17.2M:2013International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-832-7American Welding Society8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166 2013 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights
5、. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational cl
6、assroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS D17.2/D
7、17.2M:2013Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAm
8、erican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the
9、statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the
10、 AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers
11、 representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments conta
12、ined in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no g
13、uarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by an
14、y person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and
15、its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amendmentsor errata or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standard
16、s includingamendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have thelatest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and
17、 all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Off
18、icial interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669
19、Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166 (see Annex D).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opi
20、nions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a su
21、bstitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and AerospaceIndustry. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments(recommendations, additions
22、, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard arerequired and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWSD17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace Industry and the author of the comments will
23、 be informed ofthe Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D17 Committee onWelding in the Aircraft and Aerospace Industry to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adversedecision concerning all such comments are provided in the
24、 Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. Acopy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D17.2/D17.2M:2013vAWS D17.2/D17.2M:2013PersonnelAWS D17 Committee on Welding in the A
25、ircraft and Aerospace IndustriesS. H. Murray, Chair NASAKennedy Space CenterG. W. Coleman, 1st Vice Chair The Boeing CompanyD. S. Ponder, 2nd Vice Chair Triumph Airborne StructuresR. J. Ding, 3rd Vice Chair NASAMarshall Space Flight CenterA. L. Diaz, Secretary American Welding SocietyJ. T. Amin Lock
26、heed-Martin Aeronautics Division, Lockheed-Martin CorporationR. P. Beil Northrop Grumman CorporationC. Carl NASAKennedy Space CenterP. E. Daum Rolls Royce CorporationH. S. Dilcher, III Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Division, Lockheed-Martin CorporationR. J. Durda Spirit AeroSystemsJ. Fournier Pratt th
27、erefore, each system shall be used independently.1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard and therefore are not fullyaddressed herein. Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety
28、in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Material Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersAppl
29、icable Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous,and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address allsafety and health risks that may be encounte
30、red. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety programto address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered whendeveloping the safety program.AWS D17.2/D17.2M:201322. Normative ReferencesThe standards listed below contain
31、provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this AWSstandard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, subse-quent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.AWS A3.0M/A3.0, St
32、andard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Sol-dering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying.1AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination.13. Terms and DefinitionsAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Inc
33、luding Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, provides the basis for terms and definitions used herein. However, the followingterms and definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific to this document.close-spaced welds. Spot welds on sheet
34、 placed less than two diameters apart, center to center. Such proximity mayrequire more power than other spot welds.coring. Incipient melting adjacent to the nugget.Engineering Authority. The contracting agency or corporation that acts for and in behalf of the customer on all matterswithin the scope
35、 of this standard. The Engineering Authority has responsibility for the structural integrity or mainte-nance of airworthiness of the hardware and compliance with all contract documents.fabricator. The organization responsible for producing weldments that satisfy the design and contract requirements.
36、foil. A material having thickness of 0.008 in 0.2 mm or less.metallographic section. A transverse cut on the diameter of a spot weld or across a seam weld, or a longitudinal cutdown the center of a seam weld, polished down to near the center of the weld and etched to accentuate the metallo-graphic s
37、tructure.nugget. The weld (fused) metal joining the parts in spot, seam, or projection welds.resistance weld size. The diameter of a spot weld nugget or the width of a seam weld nugget measured at the plane ofthe faying surfaces.peel test. A mechanical test in which the corners (or sides) of seam or
38、 spot welded foil or sheet members are gripped andpulled apart to determine if the joint fails by delamination, by fracture of a cleaved surface, or by tearing of a button(plug) out of the parent material. Delamination, in contrast to fracture, is a sign of no fusion between the two adjacentmembers.
39、 A button or plug, which is pulled out of the removed member, is not necessarily equal in size to the castnugget underlying it.penetration. The extent of the nugget (fusion zone) into the thickness of a joined member.production witness specimen. Test coupon welded using production setup and destruct
40、ively tested to provide data onthe quality of production welds.1AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, 8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166.AWS D17.2/D17.2M:20133resistance seam welding (RSEW). A resistance welding process which produces coalescence at the faying surfac
41、es bythe heat obtained from resistance to electric current through the work parts held together under pressure by electrodes.The resulting weld is a series of overlapping resistance spot welds made progressively along a joint by turning wheelelectrodes or indexing the part under fixed electrodes.res
42、istance spot welding (RSW). A resistance welding process which produces coalescence at the faying surfaces in onespot by heat obtained from the resistance to electric current through the work parts held together under pressure byelectrodes. The size and shape of the individually formed welds are a f
43、unction of the size and contour of the elec-trodes, current, and weld time.sheet. A material having thickness, for the purpose of this specification, of more than 0.008 in through 0.250 in 0.20 mmthrough 6.35 mm.weld conditions. All circumstances surrounding the making of a given weld, including mat
44、erial, configuration, materialpreparation, electrode shape, machine number, and all weld parameters. Weld conditions that are relevant require doc-umentation. A suggested form for documentation is found in Annex A.weld parameters. Machine settings or adjustments, such as, but not limited to, weld cu
45、rrent, weld time, and electrodeforce.4. Requirements4.1 Design Requirements4.1.1 Definition of terms used in this specification shall be in accordance with AWS A3.0M/A3.0, AWS A2.4, and asshown in Clause 3 herein.4.1.2 The Engineering Authority shall be responsible for the development of the contrac
46、t specification that governsproducts or structural assemblies produced under this specification. The Engineering Authority may add to, delete from,or otherwise modify, the requirements of this specification to meet the particular requirements of a specific structure. Allrequirements that modify this
47、 specification shall be incorporated into contract documents, engineering drawings, or itemspecifications. The Engineering Authority shall determine the suitability of all joint details to be used in a welded assembly.4.1.3 When conditions are encountered which cause any of the requirements of this
48、specification to be unattainable,the fabricator may submit alternate procedures and requirements for approval by the Engineering Authority.4.1.4 The class of welding shall be designated on the item specification or drawing. In the event of any conflictbetween the requirements of this specification a
49、nd those requirements specified on the engineering drawing, the engi-neering drawing shall prevail.4.1.5 Spot Weld Certification. There shall be two methods of certification for spot welds.4.1.5.1 Standard Certification. The standard certification method shall be for a weld schedule that certifies to therequirements of Tables 1 through 3 (sheet) or Table 4 (foil), and all other applicable weld property requirements listed inthis specification have been met.4.1.5.2 Design Allowable Certification. The design allowable certification method shall be used for a weld sched-ule that certifie
