1、 AWWA Standard SM Polyacrylamide Effective date: Aug. 1, 2013. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Feb. 4, 1996. This edition approved June 9, 2013. Approved by American National Standards Institute May 31, 2013. ANSI/AWWA B453-13 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B453-06) Copyright 2013 American
2、 Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in
3、 specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or produc
4、t type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consen
5、sus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes
6、effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American Natio
7、nal Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap - proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using prod
8、ucts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encour - aged to state on their own responsib
9、ility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the
10、 ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive
11、current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-958-4 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-239-1 ISBN-10, print: 1-58321-958
12、-7 eISBN-10, electronic: 1-61300-239-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations f
13、or review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2013 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii The AWWA Standards Committee on Polyelectrolytes, which reviewed and approved this stan- da
14、rd, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Francis J. Mangravite, Chair General Interest Members J.H. Bambei Jr.,* Denver Water, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) P.H. Hargette, Black only laboratory testing, pilot plant studies, or full-scale plant trials can discern product efficacy. 5. PAMs may
15、or may not contain inactive ingredients such as hydrocarbon sol- vents, surfactants, and salts, depending on the product form, manufacturing method, and formulation. The typical primary components of each form can be described generically as follows: Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association.
16、All Rights Reserved. ix a. Dry (PAM, moisture water; may contain inert inorganic salts or inert organic compounds). b. Emulsions (PAM, hydrocarbon oil, water, surfactants). The amount of hydrocarbon oil is typically, but not limited to, 20 percent to 50 percent by weight of the emulsion. c. Solution
17、 (usually a dilute, viscous, aqueous solution of dry or emulsion form PAM; refer to the aforementioned primary components). d. Aqueous dispersions (PAM, water, salts) in which the PAM is suspended in aqueous solution of inorganic salts. Aqueous dispersion PAMs are currently used for wastewater treat
18、ment and may be introduced in the future for potable water supply treatment if they meet appropriate approvals. These products contain no hydrocarbon oil or surfactants. 6. The storage, dissolution, and feeding of PAMs may require specific proce- dures, considerations, and equipment that are unique
19、for each product form. Failure to use the proper storage equipment and conditions, dissolution procedure and equip- ment, and feeding equipment and design can result in loss of activity, the formation of insoluble gels, loss of feeding, and increased maintenance problems. 7. The user should consult
20、both the product technical data sheet and the safety data sheet (SDS, also known as material safety data sheet MSDS) for the specific PAM product being used for information on the products composition, physical prop- erties, safety procedures, feeding and storage guidelines, and other important info
21、rma- tion. The supplier must provide to the user copies of the product technical data sheet, along with the MSDS in some circumstances, in accordance with this standard. I.B. History. The AWWA Standards Council authorized the development of this standard in 1979. The standard was developed by the AW
22、WA Standards Committee on Polyelectrolytes and was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Feb. 4, 1996. The AWWA Board of Directors approved subsequent editions of this standard on June 17, 2001, and Feb. 12, 2006. This edition of this standard was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June
23、 9, 2013. I.C. Acceptance (Water Supply Service Applications). In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International* (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direc
24、t and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water * NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113. Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. x Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF, now Wate
25、r Research Foundation) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact w
26、ith, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, includ
27、ing two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individ
28、ual states, provinces, or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does no
29、t stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (c
30、arcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B453 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.6 (Water) and Sec. 4.8 (Wastewater) of the standard. The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or to residual solids is becom
31、ing a problem of great concern. The lan- guage in Sec. 4.6.1. is a recommendation only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certification organization in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects. However,
32、users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard should consult the appropriate state, provincial, or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the statu
33、s of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. * Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
