1、AWWA Standard SM Copper Sulfate Effective date: June 1, 2017. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1959. This edition approved Jan. 14, 2017. Approved by American National Standards Institute Jan. 30, 2017. ANSI/AWWA B602-17 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B602-08) Copyright 2017 Americ
2、an Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained
3、in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or prod
4、uct type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a conse
5、nsus of the water industry that the product described will provide satisfactory ser- vice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal American Water Works Association. The action becomes effect
6、ive on the first day of the month following the month of Journal American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Stan
7、dard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, proce
8、sses, or proce - dures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cau- tioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in
9、advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI app
10、roval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current inf
11、ormation on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing infoansi.org. hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing pr
12、oduct development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders AWWAs mission to support the water community. This AWWA content is the product of thousands of ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-218-4 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-418-0 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.129
13、99/AWWA.B602.17 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, wit
14、hout the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2017 by American Water Works Association Printed in USAiii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Taste and Odor Control Chemicals, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Nat
15、han K. Dunahee, Chair General Interest Members N.K. Dunahee, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA) T.E.T. Gillogly, Carollo Engineers, Miami, Fla. (AWWA) C.B. Lind, Mauser Corporation, East Brunswick, N.J. (AWWA) S.J. Posavec,* Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) G. Ramon,* Litt
16、le Rock Wastewater, Little Rock, Ark. (AWWA) Producer Members J.E. Boll, Carus Chemical Co., Peru, Ill. (AWWA) J. M. Gonzalez, PVS Chemicals, South New Berlin, N.Y. (AWWA) User Members M. Ramon, City of Houston, Houston, Texas (AWWA) G. Terrell, Birmingham Water Works, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA) P. A.
17、Zielinski, Pennsylvania American Water, Hershey, Pa. (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank.v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be
18、 found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History . viii I.C Acceptance . viii II Special Issues. . ix II.A Storage and Handling Precautions . ix II.B Disposal . ix II.C. NPDES Permitting . x III Use of This Standard . x III.A Purchaser
19、 Options and Alternatives . x III.B Modification to Standard . xi IV Major Revisions xi V Comments . xi Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 1 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Physical Requirements . 3 4.2 Chemical Requirements 4 4.3 Impurities 5 5 Verifi
20、cation 5.1 Sampling and Inspection . 5 5.2 Laboratory Examination General . 7 5.3 Size Determination . 7 5.4 Determination of Water-Insoluble Matter . 7 5.5 Determination of Copper Content . 8 5.6 Other Tests . 9 5.7 Notice of Nonconformance . 9 6 Delivery 6.1 Marking 10 6.2 Packaging and Shipping 1
21、1 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance 12 Table 1 Solubility of CuSO 4 5H 2 O . 2 Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank.vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA B602. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. Copp
22、er sulfate is used primarily as an algicide in potable water. It is available both as a commercial product and as a by-product of the printed- circuit-board industry. The commercial product is produced by reacting a solution of sulfuric acid with copper metal, cupric oxide, or basic cupric copper sa
23、lts. Copper sulfate crystals form in the concentrated solution and grow in size in a characteristic crystalline shape. A broad range of crystal sizes is produced by controlling the length of crystallization time or by fracturing the larger crystals and screening to the desired sizes. The by-product
24、copper sulfate is generally produced in printed-circuit-board shops, where proprietary etchant solutions are used to dissolve copper from printed circuit boards. If a sulfuric-acid-based etchant solution is used, it becomes saturated with cop- per ions and sulfate ions. Small crystals of copper sulf
25、ate form and are mechanically removed. The presence of various impurities and their amounts in the copper sulfate depend on the impurities present in the starting materials or the solution in which the crystals grow. The selection of crystal size for use in algae control depends on a number of facto
26、rs, including algae type and growth habits as well as application method and equipment to be used. The application rate will depend on algae type and species as well as water characteristics, including pH, alkalinity and hardness, presence of suspended solids, density of algae growth, and water temp
27、erature. For potable water, the US Environ- mental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set a tolerance for the maximum residue of copper at 1 ppm, or equal to 4 ppm as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 5H 2 O) (40 CFR 185.1200), which also is the secondary standard under the US National Drinking Water R
28、egulations. USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, has set the action level at 1.3 mg/L copper (Cu) as the National Primary Drinking Water Standard. Under most use conditions, the effective dose is considerably less than the established residue tolerance. * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 4
29、3rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Code of Federal Regulations, US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC 20402. Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viii I.B. History. This standard was first approved as tentative on Sept.
30、 15, 1957. It was developed by the AWWA Water Purification Division and also was submitted for review to producers and consumers whose comments were then considered by a referee. It was approved as a standard without revision on Jan. 26, 1959, and published as AWWA B602-59. This standard was revised
31、 by the AWWA Standards Committee on Taste and Odor Control Chemicals. The dates of approval and numerical designation of past editions of ANSI/AWWA B602 are as follows: Designation Date of Approval B602-57T Sept. 15, 1957 B602-59 Jan. 26, 1959 B602-80 Jan. 28, 1980 B602-86 Jan. 27, 1986 B602-91 Jan.
32、 27, 1991 B602-97 Feb. 2, 1997 B602-02 Jan. 20, 2002 B602-08 Jan. 27, 2008 This edition was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 14, 2017. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF Interna
33、tional (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Manag
34、ers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to i
35、mpose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the direction of NSF : NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Wa
36、ter Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. * Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113. Copyright 2017 American Water Work
37、s Association. All Rights Reserved. ix Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-
38、 fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an
39、 unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B602 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.
40、3.3 of the standard. The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or to residual solids is becoming a problem of great concern. The language in Sec. 4.3.3 is a recommenda - tion only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certif
41、ication organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects. However, users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard should also consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction
42、 in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. II.A.
43、Storage and Handling Precautions. Copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals are highly soluble in water but do not react with water. Store this pesticide product in a dry place in its original container until ready for use. Store this product separately to prevent cross-contamination with other chemicals
44、. Proper attention to safety requirements should be followed. Protective clothing should be worn while handling copper sulfate pentahydrate, especially goggles to pro- tect against dust or splashes into the eyes. II.B. Disposal. As an algicide, copper sulfate pentahydrate is covered under the Federa
45、l Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) as a pesticide. It must be packaged and labeled as a pesticide for algae control. Packaging material that is empty must be disposed of in compliance with FIFRA and local regulations. Any spilled solid material or waste liquid material must be dis
46、posed of in compliance with FIFRA and Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. x local regulations. Questions on proper disposal can be answered by the state pesticide control office or regional USEPA hazardous waste representative. II.C. NPDES Permitting. Point source d
47、ischarges of biological pesticides and chemical pesticides that leave a residue in waters of the United States are required to comply with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements. Operators wanting to apply copper sulfate to waters of the United States impaired for coppe
48、r or sulfate must obtain coverage under an NPDES individual permit rather than the USEPAs Pesticide General Permit. Information about the requirements for these permits can be found at https:/www. epa.gov/npdes/pesticide-applications-1. III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user
49、 of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following information should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA B602, Copper Sulfate, of latest revision. 2. Crystal size designation. 3. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required. 4. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Section 4). 5. Whether
