1、ANSI B11.02015 TWO COLUMN (“ANSI style”) FORMAT American National Standard for Machines Safety of Machinery Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer: B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269 Approved: 25 AUGUST 2015 by the American National Standards Institute COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUM
2、ENT Copyright 2015 by B11 Standards, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of B11 Standards, Inc.TABLE of CONTENTS PAGE 2015 B11
3、 Standards, Inc. ii AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS By approving this American National Standard, the ANSI Board of Standards Review confirms that the requirements for due process, consensus, balance and openness have been met by B11 Standards, Inc., (the ANSI-accredited standards developing organizatio
4、n). American National Standards are developed through a consensus process. Consensus is established when substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requir
5、es that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward resolution. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While B11 Standards, Inc., administers the process and e
6、stablishes procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards or guidelines. American Nation
7、al Standards are promulgated through ANSI for voluntary use; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. However, user
8、s, distributors, regulatory bodies, certification agencies and others concerned may apply American National Standards as mandatory requirements in commerce and industry. The American National Standards institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of an Ame
9、rican National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the Secretariat (B11 Standards, Inc.,). B11 Standar
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11、 Inc., disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application or reliance on this document. B11 Standards, Inc., does not und
12、ertake to guarantee the performance of any individual supplier or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide, nor does it take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with the items which are mentioned in or are the subject of this
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15、someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment, or as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. B11 Standards, Inc., has no power, nor does it undertake to police or
16、 enforce conformance to the requirements of this document. B11 Standards, Inc., does not certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of conformance to any health or safety-related information in this document shall
17、not be attributable to B11 Standards, Inc., and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodica
18、lly to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. You may contact the Secretariat for current status information on this, or other B11 standards. Published by: B11 Standards, Inc., POB 690905, Houston, TX - USA Copyright 2015 by B11 Standards Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States
19、of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. TABLE of CONTENTS PAGE 2015 B11 Standards, Inc. iii 1 SCOPE . 1 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES. 2 3 DEFINITIONS . 3 4 RESPONSIBILITY 15
20、 4.1 General . 15 4.2 Collaborative efforts . 19 4.3 Responsibilities of component supplier, machine supplier and the machine user 19 4.4 Responsibilities of the component user / machine supplier 19 4.4.1 Integration . 19 4.4.2 Documentation . 19 4.5 Responsibilities of the machine user . 20 4.6 Spe
21、cifications for custom machinery . 21 4.7 Design, construction and information for operation and maintenance 21 4.8 Installation, commissioning and start-up . 21 4.9 Risk reduction measure(s) . 22 4.10 Operation and maintenance . 22 4.11 Training of user personnel . 23 4.12 Cleaning . 23 4.13 Operat
22、ional working space 23 4.14 Existing (legacy) equipment 24 4.15 Modifying and/or rebuilding a machine 24 4.16 Dismantling, disposal and other lifecycle activities 24 4.17 Personnel responsibility 25 5 LIFECYCLE REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES . 26 5.1 General . 26 5.2 Supplier 26 5.4 Installation
23、. 26 5.5 Integrator / modifier / rebuilder 26 6 THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS . 27 6.1 General . 27 6.1.1 Qualified personnel . 27 6.1.2 Goal . 27 6.1.3 Fundamental steps of the risk assessment process . 27 6.2 Prepare for and set scope (limits) of the assessment 29 6.3 Identify tasks and hazards . 29
24、 6.3.1 Identify affected persons 30 6.3.2 Identify tasks 31 6.3.3 Identify hazards and hazardous situations . 31 6.3.4 Similar machines . 32 6.4 Assess initial risk 32 6.4.1 Select a risk scoring system . 33 6.4.2 Assess risk . 34 6.4.3 Derive risk level 35 6.5 Reduce risk 35 6.5.1 Use the hazard co
25、ntrol hierarchy . 35 6.8 Validate risk reduction measures 41 6.9 Document the process . 42 6.9.1 Content 42 TABLE of CONTENTS PAGE 2015 B11 Standards, Inc. iv 7 GENERAL RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS 43 7.1 Access to machinery 43 7.2 Control systems performing a safety function 43 7.2.1 General 43 7.2.
26、2 Stop functions 44 7.2.3 Reset . 45 7.2.4 Protective stop . 45 7.3 Control systems design requirements . 45 7.3.1 Operator interaction 45 7.3.2 Operator interface / controls . 46 7.3.3 Zones . 46 7.3.4 Energy sources 47 7.3.5 Interruption of energy source . 47 7.3.6 Selection of operating modes . 4
27、7 7.3.7 Wireless control . 47 7.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 47 7.5 Electrical 47 7.6 Emergency stop 47 7.7 Control of hazardous energy (lockout / tagout / verify) 48 7.8 Ergonomics / human factors . 48 7.9 Safeguarding . 48 7.9.1 General 48 7.9.2 Additional considerations . 48 7.10 Handl
28、ing of machines, component parts, tooling and materials . 50 7.11 Hydraulic and pneumatic (including vacuum) systems 50 7.11.1 General 50 7.11.3 Pressure vessels 51 7.11.4 Air valve mufflers . 51 7.11.5 Air preparation components . 52 7.11.6 Pressure intensification 52 7.11.7 Hydraulic accumulators
29、52 7.11.8 Actuators 52 7.12 Ladders and platforms . 52 7.13 Large machines . 53 7.14 Lasers . 53 7.15 Lubrication . 53 7.16 Machines and machinery systems 53 7.21 Sanitation and hygiene . 58 7.22 Stability 58 7.23 Thermal systems . 59 7.24 Visibility . 59 7.25 Ventilation of airborne contaminants .
30、59 8 INFORMATION FOR SAFE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MACHINERY. 59 8.1 General . 59 8.2 Manuals 60 8.3 Product safety signs and labels 60 8.4 Nameplate 60 8.5 Information for personal protective equipment (PPE) 60 9 SUPERVISION . 61 TABLE of CONTENTS PAGE 2015 B11 Standards, Inc. v 10 TRAINING 61
31、10.1 General . 61 10.2 Training elements . 62 10.2.1 General 62 10.2.2 Training program(s) . 62 10.2.3 Trainer qualifications . 64 10.3 Operator training . 64 10.4 Maintenance personnel training 64 10.5 Supervisor training . 65 10.6 Retraining 65 LIST of FIGURES PAGE Figure 1 - Illustration of relat
32、ionship between ISO 12100 and ANSI B11.0 vii Figure 2 - Organization of the B11 Series of Documents x Figure 3 - Application of the Risk Assessment xi Figure 4 - Machinery and equipment lifecycle stages 16 Figure 5 - Example of Machinery Lifecycle Responsibilities 18 Figure 6 - The Risk Assessment P
33、rocess 28 Figure 7 - Elements of Risk 32 Figure 8 - Two Stage Iterative Approach to the Hierarchy of Controls and Risk Reduction 82 Figure 9 - Illustration of the process of the supplier and user risk reduction efforts 84 Figure 10 - ANSI standards applicable in the United States 99 Figure 11 - EN N
34、orms (EU standards) applicable in the European Union 100 Figure 12 - International standards (ISO other international standards may apply) 101 LIST of TABLES PAGE Table 1 Example Risk Scoring System 33 Table 2 The Hazard Control Hierarchy 36 Table 3 Noise Source and Noise Reduction Methods 57 Table
35、4 Injury and Severity Correlations 73 Table 5 MIL-STD-882 Two-Factor Risk Scoring System 4x5 76 Table 6 ANSI B11.TR3 Two-Factor Risk Model 4x4 76 Table 7 ANSI / RIA R15.06-1999 Risk Rating System (prior to safeguard selection) 77 Table 8 RIA TR R15.306- 2015 Risk level decision matrix 77 Table 9 RIA
36、 TR R15.306- 2015 Injury severity, exposure, and avoidance categories 78 Table 10 NFPA 70E Risk Scoring Matrix 79 Table 11 ANSI / ASSE Z10 Risk Scoring Matrix 80 Table 12 Risk Ranking Table; Severity Groups 81 Table 13 Risk Ranking Table; Likelihood Groups 81 Table 14 SEMI Risk Ranking Matrix 81 Tab
37、le 15 Preferred Colors for Indicator Lights and Icons 88 Table 16 Potential Effects/Additional Characteristics of Risk Reduction Measures 89 Table 17 Sample Risk Assessment 94 2015 B11 Standards, Inc. vi Foreword (This Foreword is not part of the requirements of this American National Standard on Sa
38、fety of Machinery.) Overview This American National Standard was promulgated by the B11 Accredited Standards Committee as a voluntary consensus standard to establish safety requirements for machinery and machinery systems. This standard specifies general safety requirements for the design, construct
39、ion, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of machinery and machinery systems. This standard also applies to devices that are integral to these machines. This standard was first published in 2008 as ANSI B11 General Safety Requirements. It was revised, re-desi
40、gnated and published as ANSI B11.0 in 2010. The current B11.0 standard is the second edition of this American National Standard on the Safety of Machinery. This version adds responsibilities related to machinery components, clarifies the relationship between the risk assessment for the machine and t
41、he design specification for control systems, provides additional information on documentation requirements, includes new clauses on supervision and training, presents new annexes correlating machinery safety standards in the U.S. and EN/ISO, and generally clarifies and simplifies text in the standar
42、d. The B11 standards for machine tools were first approved beginning with safety requirements for power presses in 1922. Since that time, safety requirements for a variety of machine tools have been developed and continually updated and revised to become the series of B11 standards and technical rep
43、orts. Maintaining these documents with consistent language proved to be a significant challenge. This standard presents the requirements common to most of the B11 standards into this document while retaining the machine tool specific requirements in the machine-specific (Type-C) standards. The conce
44、pts and principles contained in this standard can be applied very broadly to a wide variety of systems and applications. Documented risk assessments were first introduced to the machine tool industry in 2000 with the publication of ANSI B11.TR3 Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction A Guide to Estimate,
45、 Evaluate and Reduce Risks Associated With Machine Tools; to the robot industry in 1999 with the publication of ANSI/RIA R15.06-Requirements for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems; and to the packaging machinery industry in 2006 with the publication of ANSI/PMMI B155.1-Safety Requirements for Packa
46、ging Machinery and Packaging-Related Converting Machinery. Since that time the principles of the risk assessment process have been applied to many applications including traffic control, consumer products, incident investigations, and of course machinery. Interested readers are encouraged to apply t
47、hese principles and concepts to other systems in addition to machinery as suits their needs. Prevention Through Design or PTD is a recent term in the industry; the objectives of risk assessment, risk reduction and elimination of hazards as early as possible are integral and not new to this standard.
48、 The phrase “Prevention Through Design“ is used within the standard, as are other equivalent terms such as “elimination by design,” “design out,“ and “substitution“ to thoroughly address risk assessment and applying it to the lifecycle and operations of the machine. Objective The objective of the B1
49、1 standards is to eliminate injuries to personnel from machinery or machinery systems by establishing requirements for the design, construction, reconstruction, modification, installation, setup, operation and maintenance of machinery or machine systems. This standard should be used by suppliers and users, as well as by the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. Responsibilities have been assigned to the supplier (i.e., manufacturer, the reconstructor, and the modifier), the user, and the user personnel to implement this standard
