1、 American National Standard for Cleanroom Materials Flammability Test Protocol ANSI/FM Approvals 4910 ANSI/FM Approvals 4910-2013 Revision of ANSI/FM Approvals 4910-2004 Approved October 3, 2013 October 2013 2013 FM Approvals LLC. All rights reserved. Foreword NOTE: This foreword is introductory onl
2、y and is not part of American National Standard FM 4910. This standard is intended to verify that the product as described will meet minimum specific stated conditions of performance, safety and quality, useful in determining the potential suitability for end-use conditions of these products. It des
3、cribes minimum performance requirements for materials that are intended for use in cleanroom facilities by evaluating the ability of the materials and, in turn, the system components, to limit fire spread and smoke damage resulting from a fire in the cleanroom environment. This American National Sta
4、ndard has been developed according to the essential requirements of due process for standards development of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). FM Approvals is an ANSI accredited standards developer (ASD). Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that th
5、e principles of openness and due process have been followed and that a consensus of those directly and materially affected by the standard has been achieved. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. Consensus is esta
6、blished when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards nor will it in any circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Requests for interpretations of
7、 this test standard should be addressed to FM Approvals. ANSI regulations require that this American National Standard shall be revised, reaffirmed or withdrawn within five years of the date of publication. FM Approvals 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike P. O. Box 9102 Norwood, MA 02062 U. S. A. Phone:
8、 781-762-4300 Fax: 781-762-9375 E-mail: A TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 PURPOSE . 1 1.2 SCOPE . 1 1.3 BASIS FOR REQUIREMENTS . 1 1.4 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . 1 1.5 DEFINITIONS 1 2. GENERAL INFORMATION 2 2.1 CLEANROOMS 2 2.2 FPI AND SDI 2 2.3 REQUIRED TESTS 2 2.4 UNCERTAINTY RANGES OF FPI A
9、ND SDI 3 2.5 MATERIALS THINNER THAN 0.25 IN. (6 MM) 3 3. FIRE PROPAGATION APPARATUS TESTS 3 3.1 TEST SAMPLES . 3 3.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT IN THE APPARATUS 3 3.3 IGNITION TEST . 5 3.4 FIRE PROPAGATION TEST . 6 3.5 COMBUSTION TEST 7 4. PARALLEL PANEL FIRE TEST . 8 4.1 PURPOSE . 8 4.2 PARAL
10、LEL PANEL TEST ARRANGEMENT . 8 4.3 CONDUCT OF TEST . 10 5. PROCEDURES TO CALCULATE FLAMMABILITY DATA . 11 5.1 IGNITION TEST DATA CALCULATION PROCEDURE . 11 5.2 CHEMICAL HEAT RELEASE RATE CALCULATION 12 5.3 FIRE PROPAGATION TEST DATA CALCULATION PROCEDURE . 14 5.4 COMBUSTION TEST DATA CALCULATION PRO
11、CEDURE 14 5.5 SMOKE DAMAGE INDEX (SDI) CALCULATION 14 6. CONDITIONS OF ACCEPTANCE 15 6.1 FIRE PROPAGATION APPARATUS TESTS 15 6.2 PARALLEL PANEL FIRE TESTS . 15 October 2013 ANSI/FM Approvals 4910 FM Approvals 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE This test standard states test requirements and procedures fo
12、r the evaluation of materials used in cleanroom occupancies mainly for, but not restricted to, use in the semiconductor industry. The test evaluates the materials fire propagation behavior, expressed as Fire Propagation Index (FPI), and potential for smoke contamination, expressed as Smoke Damage In
13、dex (SDI). 1.2 SCOPE 1.2.1 This test standard describes minimum performance requirements for materials which are intended for use in cleanroom facilities. This standard evaluates the ability of the materials to limit fire spread and smoke damage. All requirements in the standard must be met for mate
14、rials to be acceptable. 1.2.2 This standard is intended to verify that the materials, as described, will meet minimum specific stated conditions of performance, safety and quality useful in determining the potential suitability for end-use conditions of these materials. 1.3 BASIS FOR REQUIREMENTS 1.
15、3.1 The requirements of this test standard are based on experience, research and testing, and/or the standards of other organizations. The advice of manufacturers, users, trade associations, jurisdictions and/or loss control specialists was also considered. 1.4 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following sta
16、ndards, test method descriptions and practices are related to this standard: 1. Tewarson, A., Generation of Heat and Chemical Compounds in Fires, Chapter 4, Section 3, pp. 3-82 to 3-161. The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3rd Edition. The National Fire Protection Association Press, Qu
17、incy, MA, June 2002. 2. Tewarson, A., Flammability, Chapter 42, pp. 577-604. Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook (J.E. Mark, Editor). American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 1996. 3. ASTM E2058 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer Material Flammability Using a Fire Pr
18、opagation Apparatus (FPA),American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. 4. NFPA 287 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Flammability of Materials in Cleanrooms Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)”, National Fire Protection Association,
19、 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. 1.5 DEFINITIONS For purposes of this test standard, the following terms apply: Chemical Heat Release Rate (Qch): energy actually released by chemical reactions during a test Critical Heat Flux (CHF): the maximum heat flux at, or below, which there is no igniti
20、on. October 2013 ANSI/FM Approvals 4910 FM Approvals 2 Fire Propagation Index (FPI ): an index representing the propensity of a material to support fire propagation. Flame Height: elevation of the tip of the contiguous flame region averaged over a 5-second interval Ignition Zone: the area of the sur
21、face of a material heated by an outside source, resulting in ignition. Smoke Damage Index (SDI): smoke yield multiplied by FPI. It is an indicator of thesmoke contamination of the environment during fire propagation. Smoke yield (ys) ratio of the total mass of smoke released to the total mass of the
22、 material vaporized. Thermally Thick Behavior: when a material is heated on one side and exhibits a negligible temperature rise above ambient on the unexposed face of the material. Thermally Thin Behavior: when a material is heated on one side and there is a uniform temperature rise across the thick
23、ness of a material. Thermal Response Parameter (TRP): indicator of the ignition resistance of a material. 2. GENERAL INFORMATION 2.1 CLEANROOMS Due to the sensitivity of cleanroom environments, the high cost of construction and the high value of equipment and products produced and stored in them, si
24、gnificant damage can be caused by the presence of small amounts of contamination. As a result, it is useful to evaluate the ability of a material to limit fire propagation and restrict emission of particulates in the form of smoke. The criteria for the selection of materials for use in cleanrooms ar
25、e based on tests conducted using the Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA) described in ASTM E2058 (for determining FPI and SDI) or the 8 ft (2.4 m) Parallel Panel Test (when the FPI and SDI results are uncertain or where the thickness is less than 0.25 in (6 mm). The criteria used to assess cleanroom ma
26、terials deal with limiting fire propagation beyond the ignition zone and limiting contamination of the cleanroom environment due to smoke. 2.2 FPI AND SDI Materials examined using the Fire Propagation Apparatus are evaluated based on the following two criteria: 2.2.1 The Fire Propagation Index (FPI)
27、 is used as a criterion for fire propagation beyond the ignition zone. The criterion is based on the maximum value of FPI for a 15 second running average of the data during the entire test duration. A value of FPI 6 (m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3has been assigned for materials intended for use in cleanrooms. 2.
28、2.2The Smoke Development Index (SDI) is used as a criterion for significantly limiting smoke concentration for non propagating fires beyond the ignition zone. A value of SDI 0.40 (m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3g/g has been assigned for materials intended for use in cleanrooms. 2.3 REQUIRED TESTS 2.3.1 The FPI an
29、d SDI indices shall be quantified in the Fire Propagation Apparatus. In order to do so, three types of tests shall be performed: 1) ignition; 2) fire propagation; and 3) combustion. 2.3.2The purpose of the ignition test is to determine the Thermal Response Parameter (TRP). The fire propagation test
30、is conducted to quantify the chemical heat release rate during fire propagation. The chemical heat release rate October 2013 ANSI/FM Approvals 4910 FM Approvals 3 and the TRP value are utilized to calculate the FPI value. The combustion test is conducted in order to quantify the yield of smoke. The
31、yield of smoke shall be multiplied by the FPI value to calculate the SDI value. 2.3.3 The reported test data shall be rounded such that the FPI is rounded to the nearest integer whole number (1, 2, etc.). The SDI shall be rounded to the nearest tenth (0.1, 0.2, etc.). 2.4 UNCERTAINTY RANGES OF FPI A
32、ND SDI 2.4.1 Experience has shown that an uncertainty range of FPI and SDI exists. These ranges encompass FPI values between 6 and 7 (m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3and SDI values between 0.4 and 0.5 (m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3g/g. When the FPI and/or SDI value falls within these ranges, the material can exhibit fire prop
33、agation and smoke development characteristics undesirable of materials utilized in cleanroom environments. In these cases, the 8 ft (2.4 m) Parallel Panel Test shall be conducted in order to determine the materials suitability. 2.4.2 The Parallel Panel Test shall be permitted to be used as an altern
34、ate to the Fire Propagation Apparatus regardless of a materials FPI or SDI. In cases where the FPI and SDI have been determined and a Parallel Panel Test has been conducted, the results of the Parallel Panel Test shall govern. 2.5 MATERIALS THINNER THAN 0.25 IN. (6 MM) Materials whose thickness is l
35、ess than 0.25 in. (6 mm) cannot be tested in accordance with ASTM E2058 on the FPA. These thin materials must be tested utilizing the Parallel Panel Test. 3. FIRE PROPAGATION APPARATUS TESTS 3.1 TEST SAMPLES 3.1.1 Ignition and combustion tests samples of planar materials shall be 4 by 4 in. ( 0.125
36、in.) 100 by 100 mm ( 3 mm) square with a minimum thickness of 0.25 in. (6 mm) and a maximum thickness of 1 in. (25 mm).13. 1.2 Fire propagation tests samples of planar materials shall be 12 in. 0.125 in. long by 4 in. 0.125 in. wide 305 mm (3 mm) long by 102 mm wide ( 3 mm) with a minimum thickness
37、of 0.25 in. (6 mm) and a maximum thickness of 1 in. (25 mm). 3.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT IN THE APPARATUS 3.2.1 Ignition and combustion tests - the samples shall be wrapped in heavy duty aluminum foil, 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) thick, to tightly cover the edges and back of the sample. For the ign
38、ition test, the sample surface shall be coated with a thin layer of fine graphite powder or Thermo-lux Solar Collective black paint to compensate for surface absorptivity differences. The wrapped sample shall be placed horizontally, exposed surface up, in the Fire Propagation Apparatus at the locati
39、ons shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5. For the ignition test, the quartz tube shall not be used. For the combustion test, the sample shall be located inside the quartz tube. 1A maximum thickness of 1 in. (25mm) is the limit that can readily be tested on the FPA apparatus. October 2013 ANSI/FM Approvals
40、 4910 FM Approvals 4 Figure 1 Fire Propagation Apparatus and Ventilation Arrangement October 2013 ANSI/FM Approvals 4910 FM Approvals 5 3.2.2 Fire propagation test the sides and back surface of the sample shall be covered with 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) thick ceramic paper and the sides and back of the samp
41、le shall be wrapped tightly with heavy duty aluminum sheet. The sample shall be attached to a 12 in. 0.25 in. 300 mm 6 mm long by 4 in. 0.25 in. 100 mm 6 mm wide vertical steel ladder by three #24 gage nichrome wires and placed inside the quartz tube in the Fire Propagation Apparatus. Figure 2 Fire
42、Propagation Apparatus and Control Panel 3.3 IGNITION TEST 3.3.1 The ignition test shall be performed in accordance with ASTM E2058 under natural airflow. The pilot ignition tube burner consists of a vertical 0.25 in. 0.0625 in. 6 mm 1.6 mm) diameter copper tube with perforated ceramic tip bent at a
43、right angle to be horizontal near the sample surface. The position of the burner shall be adjusted such that the tip of the burner shall be 0.4 in. 0.06 in. 10 mm 1.6 mm above the sample surface and 0.4 in. 0.06 in. 10 mm 1.6 mm from the perimeter of the sample, toward the centerline. A premixed eth
44、ylene-air mixture flowing through the burner shall be used as the combustible gas mixture for the pilot flame. The gas mixture that flows through the burner shall be adjusted such that the flame shall be blue and average 0.4 in. (10 mm) in length. Figure 3 shows the ignition test configuration. FLOB
45、ARPump Cold Trap WeightLoad CellTa r eLaser AnalysersExhaust Control0.0001 VI1 20.950 %0I2 20.950 %I3 0.000 vpm2 x O2, CO2, COAnalyserCorrosion / SmokeDuctMeasuringDuctMixingDuctAveragingPitot - TubeThermocoupleGas SamplingProbeMain Filter HousingLaser Cradle CF = Cp Air Flow; Numbers are Air Flow V
46、elocities 5.2.2 Smoke generation rate, ss, shall be determined from the following equation : = 0.157 Equation 5 where is the wavelength of light (which shall be in the range 0.6328 to 0.6348) used to measure the extinction coefficient, D (m-1) in the measurement duct and v (m3/s) is the total volume
47、tric flow rate in the measurement duct. 5.2.3 The volumetric flow rate shall be determined from the following equation: = 2/353/101,000Equation 6 where all parameters have been defined above. October 2013 ANSI/FM Approvals 4910 FM Approvals 14 5.2.4 The extinction coefficient in the measurement duct
48、 shall be determined from the following equation: = Equation 7 where Ia/I is the ratio of the average measured light intensity before the test to that during the test and L is the path length in the duct for the measurement of this light intensity. 5.3 FIRE PROPAGATION TEST DATA CALCULATION PROCEDUR
49、E 5.3.1 The chemical heat release rate during a fire propagation test shall be calculated from the equations in Section 5.2 and the calculated heat release rate shall be used in the following equation to calculate the Fire Propagation Index (FPI) from the peak chemical heat release rate during the time duration of the test: =750/1/3Equation 8 where FPI is the Fire Propagation Index, Qchis the chemical heat release
