1、6 Campus DriveFirst Floor NorthParsippany, New Jersey07054-4406 www.Pumps.org ANSI/HI9.6.7-2015ANSI/HI 9.6.7-2015American National Standard forRotodynamic Pumps - Guideline for Effects of Liquid Viscosity on PerformanceThis page intentionally blank.ANSI/HI 9.6.7-2015American National Standard forRot
2、odynamic Pumps -Guideline for Effects ofLiquid Viscosity on PerformanceSponsorHydraulic Institute www.Pumps.org Approved September 16, 2015American National Standards Institute, Inc.RecycledpaperHydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright 1997-2015, All Rights ReservedApproval of an American National S
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7、ssed to the secretariat or sponsor whose nameappears on the title page of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn atany time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require thataction be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or
8、 withdraw this standard. Purchasers ofAmerican National Standards may receive current information on all standards by call-ing or writing the American National Standards Institute.Published ByHydraulic Institute6 Campus Drive, First Floor NorthParsippany, NJ 07054-4406www.Pumps.org Copyright 2015 Hy
9、draulic InstituteAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN 978-1-935762-43-0AmericanNationalStandardHydraulic Institute S
10、tandards, Copyright 1997-2015, All Rights ReservediiiContentsPageForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v9.6.7 Guideline for effects of liquid viscosity on pump perform
11、ance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6.7.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6.7.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6.7.3 Fundamental considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6.7.3.1 Viscous correction factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6.7.3.2 Methods for determining correction factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6.7.4 Synopsis of Hydraulic Institute method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6.7.4.1 Generalized method based on empirical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6.7.4.2 Viscous liquid performance correction limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . 49.6.7.4.3 Symbols and definitions used for determining correction factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6.7.4.4 Overview of procedure to estimate effects of viscosity on pump performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6.7.4.5 Instructions for determini
16、ng pump performance on a viscous liquid when performance on water is known . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.6.7.4.6 Instructions for preliminary selection of a pump for given head, rate of flow, and viscosity conditions . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.6.7.5 Further theoretical explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.6.7.5.1 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.6.7.5.2 Power balance and losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.6.7.5.3 Method for estimating net positive su
19、ction head required (NPSH3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219.6.7.6 Additional considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.6.7.6.1 Mechanical considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.6.7.6.2 Sealing issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.6.7.6.3 Sealless pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.6.7.7 Biblography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.6.7.8 Notation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Appendix A Conversion of kinematic viscosity units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Appendix B Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Figures9.6.7.3.1 Modification of pump characteristics when pumping viscous liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39.6.7.4.4a Flowchart to establish if the procedure is applicable . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6.7.4.4b Flowchart to determine pump performance on a viscous liquid when performance on water is known . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
25、9.6.7.4.4c Flowchart to select a pump for given head, rate of flow, and viscous conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6.7.4.5a Chart of correction factors for CQand CH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6.7.4.5b Chart of correction fac
26、tors for C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.6.7.4.5c Example performance chart of a single-stage pump (metric units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.6.7.4.5d Example performance chart of a single-stage pump
27、 (US customary units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.6.7.5.2a Ratio of disk friction losses to useful power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.6.7.5.2b Influence of disk friction losses on viscosity correction factor for efficiency .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright 1997-2015, All Rights Reservediv9.6.7.5.3a Example NPSH3 chart (metric units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.6.7.5.3b Example NPSH3 chart (US customary u
29、nits). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.6.7.6.1 Example speed versus torque curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Tables9.6.7.4.5a Example calculations (metric units) . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.6.7.4.5b Example calculations (US customary units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.6.7.5.3a Example calculations (metric units) . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.6.7.5.3b Example calculations (US customary units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright 1997-2015, All Rights ReservedvForeword (N
32、ot part of Standard)Purpose and aims of the Hydraulic InstituteThe purpose and aims of the Institute are to promote the continued growth and well-being of pump users and pumpmanufacturers and further the interests of the public in such matters as are involved in manufacturing, engineering,distributi
33、on, safety, transportation, and other problems of the industry, and to this end, among other things:a) To develop and publish standards for pumps;b) To collect and disseminate information of value to its members and to the public;c) To appear for its members before governmental departments and agenc
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35、ily carried onfor profit or to perform particular services for its members or individual persons as distinguished from activitiesto improve the business conditions and lawful interests of all of its members.Purpose of Standards1) Hydraulic Institute Standards are adopted in the public interest and a
36、re designed to help eliminate misun-derstandings between the manufacturer, purchaser, and/or user and to assist the purchaser in selectingand obtaining the proper product for a particular need.2) Use of Hydraulic Institute Standards is completely voluntary. Existence of Hydraulic Institute Standards
37、does not in any respect preclude a member from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to thestandards.Definition of a Standard of the Hydraulic InstituteQuoting from Article XV, Standards, of the By-Laws of the Institute, Section B:“An Institute Standard defines the product, material, proc
38、ess or procedure with reference to one or more of the fol-lowing: nomenclature, composition, construction, dimensions, tolerances, safety, operating characteristics, perfor-mance, quality, rating, testing, and service for which designed.”Comments from usersComments from users of this standard will b
39、e appreciated to help the Hydraulic Institute prepare even more usefulfuture editions. Questions arising from the content of this standard may be directed to the Technical Director of theHydraulic Institute. The inquiry will then be directed to the appropriate technical committee for provision of a
40、suit-able answer.If a dispute arises regarding contents of an Institute publication or an answer provided by the Institute to a questionsuch as indicated above, the point in question shall be sent in writing to the Technical Director of the Hydraulic Insti-tute, to initiate the appeals process.Revis
41、ionsThe Standards of the Hydraulic Institute are subject to constant review, and revisions are undertaken whenever it isfound necessary because of new developments and progress in the art. If no revisions are made for five years, thestandards are reaffirmed using the ANSI canvass procedure.Hydraulic
42、 Institute Standards, Copyright 1997-2015, All Rights ReservedviDisclaimersThis document presents the best method available for determining the effect of viscosity on rotodynamic pump per-formance available to the Hydraulic Institute as of publication. Nothing presented herein is to be construed as
43、awarranty of successful performance under any conditions for any application.Units of measurementMetric units of measurement are used and corresponding US customary units appear in parentheses. Charts,graphs, and example calculations are also shown in both metric and US customary units.Because value
44、s given in metric units are not exact equivalents to values given in US customary units, it is importantthat the selected units of measure be stated in reference to this standard. If no such statement is provided, metricunits shall govern. Consensus for this standard was achieved by use of the canva
45、ss methodThe following organizations, recognized as having an interest in the standardization of rotodynamic pumps, werecontacted prior to the approval of this revision of the standard. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply thatthe organization concurred with the submittal of the propose
46、d standard to ANSI.Black ; (Eq. 1)Figure 9.6.7.3.1 (i and ii) shows schematically how the head, efficiency, and power characteristics typically changefrom operation with water to pumping a highly viscous liquid. If measured data are normalized to the best efficiency point (BEP) when pumping water (B
47、EP-W), the factors CHand CQcan be read directly on Figure 9.6.7.3.1-iii. A straight line between BEP-W and the origin of the H-Q curve(H = 0; Q = 0) is called the diffuser or volute characteristic. Test data reported in references 12 and 17 in the bibli-ography show that BEPs for viscous liquids fol
48、low this diffuser or volute characteristic. Analysis of test data on vis-cous pumping collected by HI from sources around the world also confirms this observation. It is consequently agood approximation to assume CHis equal to CQat the BEPs for viscous liquids.CHHvisHW-= CQQvisQW-= CvisW-=Hydraulic
49、Institute Standards, Copyright 1997-2015, All Rights ReservedHI Rotodynamic Pumps Guideline for Effects of Liquid Viscosity on Performance 201539.6.7.3.2 Methods for determining correction factorsCorrection factors can be either defined empirically from a data bank containing measurements on various pumpswith water and liquids of different viscosities or from a physical model based on the analysis of the energy losses inthe pump. Examples of such loss analysis methods are given in references 9, 10, 11, and 23
