1、Household Tumble Type Clothes Dryers ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 p i ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 PREFACE The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers develops standards in accordance with AHAMs “Policy and Procedures Governing Technical Standards“ which states: “AHAM Standards shall be in the best interest, mu
2、tually, of consumers who use appliances, the industries which provide and service appliances, and other interested parties. They shall relate to actual use conditions, be technically and scientifically sound and written to be understood by non-technical persons.“ Use or observance of AHAM standards
3、is voluntary. AHAM standards are presented to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for recognition as American National Standards. This standard was so recognized on June 11, 2010 and bears the American National Standard designation ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010. This standard contains test proce
4、dures which may be applied to any brand or model of household tumble type clothes dryer for measuring performance. Results of tests in accordance with this standard may be publicly stated. With regard to safety, AHAM recommends that all appliance products-both major and portable-manufactured or mark
5、eted in the United States be submitted to an appropriate independent laboratory for inspection and listing in conformance with the safety standards and procedures followed by such laboratories. The relevant standard for clothes dryers are ANSI/UL 2158, Electric Home Clothes Dryers, and ANSI Z21.5.1/
6、CSA 7.1, Gas Clothes Dryers - Volume I, Type I Clothes Dryers. AHAMs Home Laundry Engineering Committee recognizes that, as in all scientific work, and especially that applied to consumer products, there are certain technical limitations and pitfalls in interpretation which are easy to overlook. Use
7、rs are urged to watch for these and send them to AHAM headquarters to be added to future editions. Do not compare machines tested under unlike conditions unless differences are clearly stated. Previous editions of this standard contained a Wrinkling Test for evaluating garment wrinkling in a finishe
8、d dryer load. This test has been deleted from this edition. A new version of the Wrinkling Test will be developed for inclusion in the future. AHAM welcomes comments and suggestions regarding this standard. Any standard may be reviewed and improved as needed. Any interested party, at any time, may r
9、equest a change in an AHAM standard. Such request should be addressed to AHAMs President, and should be accompanied by a statement of reason for the request and a suggested alternate proposal. Copyright 2010 by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) All rights reserved. The hard copy
10、 print version of this document shall be for individual use only. The electronic file version of this document shall be for storage on one computer for purposes of viewing and/or printing one copy for individual use only. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means, and sh
11、all not be transmitted electronically or otherwise to a third person without the prior written permission of AHAM. p ii ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 CONTENTS Section Page 1. PURPOSE .1 2. SCOPE 1 3. GENERAL CONDITIONS .1 4. MOISTURE REMOVAL 5 5. CLOTHES TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT .7 6. SAFETY 10 Annex A (infor
12、mative) SPECIFICATIONS FOR BASE LOAD .11 Annex B (informative) TEST MATERIALS 13 Annex C (informative) MAINTENANCE OF AGE PROFILE IN BASE LOAD 14 Annex D (informative) SAMPLE OF ELECTRIC DRYER CALCULATIONS .17 Annex E (informative) SAMPLE OF GAS DRYER CALCULATIONS 18 Annex F (informative) SAMPLE OF
13、ELECTRIC DRYER CALCULATIONS 19 Annex G (informative) SAMPLE OF GAS DRYER CALCULATIONS 20 Annex H (informative) MOISTURE REMOVAL DATA SHEETS 21 Annex I PRE-TREATMENT AND NORMALIZATION.23 p 1 ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 1. PURPOSE This standard establishes a uniform, repeatable procedure or standard method f
14、or evaluating the performance of home laundry clothes drying equipment as indicated in Section 2. The standard methods provide a means to compare and evaluate different brands and models of household clothes dryers regarding characteristics significant to product use. The standard methods are not in
15、tended to inhibit improvement and innovation in product testing, design or performance. 2. SCOPE This standard applies to home laundry clothes drying equipment and includes methods for testing and evaluating performance of home laundry equipment as defined in Section 3.1. Dryers operated for the reg
16、ular use of more than one family are not included within the scope of this standard. Dryers tested for comparison purposes are to have all deviations from specified test conditions clearly stated. 3. GENERAL CONDITIONS 3.1 Home Laundry Clothes Drying Equipment. For the purposes of this standard, hom
17、e laundry clothes drying equipment is viewed as: A power driven machine for drying fabrics by evaporation through the use of various combinations of heat, air flow and tumbling. Either electricity or gas may be used as the heat source. Dryer time may be controlled by operator pre-selection of the dr
18、yer time interval, or automatic control determined by measurements made by the machine. 3.2 Base Load. The base load is comprised of the bed sheets, pillow cases and hand towels specified in Annex A. A base load should not be used interchangeably for both washer and dryer testing. See Annex B for in
19、formation pertaining to suppliers. 3.2.1 Usage. No item shall be used for more than 84 test cycles, not counting pre-treatment and normalization cycles. To minimize the influence of aging of the textiles, the base load shall consist of sheets, pillowcases and hand towels of mixed age. The weighted a
20、verage age of the load should be between 29 and 51 test cycles. Examples of how to create and maintain a mixed age load, and how the average age of a load may be estimated, are given in Annex C. 3.2.2 Load Weights. All weights are “bone dry“ weights when base load is dried in accordance with Section
21、 3.3.1. The “bone dry“ weight must be determined after each nine test runs. Minor variations in individual item weights may occur. The assembled base load is weighed. If the measured weight differs from the desired weight by more than 0.125 lb (57 g), final adjustment of the base load weight is made
22、 by adding or removing hand towels as necessary. Dryers may be tested for loads of any or all sizes. p 2 ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 3.2.3 Base Load Pre-Treatment for New Textiles. New textiles shall be pretreated before their first use and normalized after each 9 drying cycles. Follow the parameters in An
23、nex I Table I.1. 3.3 Test Conditions 3.3.1 Bone Dry. To obtain consistency in determining load weight, the load is to be dried to a condition defined as “bone dry“ weight. It is recommended that drying be done in a commercial dryer with a basket volume of 12 ft.3(0.34 m3) to 20 ft.3(0.57 m3), heat i
24、nput of 75,000 to 150,000 Btu/hr or of 22 to 44 kW and an air flow of 350 ft.3(9.9 m3) to 800 ft.3(22.6 m3) per minute. “Bone dry“ weight is obtained by the following procedure: Place dry load in a gas commercial dryer for 10 to 40 minutes depending upon the load size. Remove load before cool down a
25、nd record weight. Place load back in dryer and continue drying for 10 minute periods until the final weight change is 0.02 lbs.(9.1 g) or less. 3.3.2 Wetting Down Load. Place base load in (front or top) load washer. Check to ensure water coming into load is 60F +/-5F(16C +/-3C) water of 0 to 17 ppm
26、hardness. Place washer on rinse attempt to bracket anticipated maximum clothes temperatures. See Table 2 for appropriate number of thermolabel swatches to be used for each base load size. Prepare thermolabel swatches by stapling two thermolabels, using stainless steel staples, to a 4 inch 4 inch (10
27、.2cm x 10.2cm) cotton swatch (see Figure 3). p 8 ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 Table 2 Number of Thermolabels Per Load Base Load size (lbs) 2 3-4 5-6 7-10 11-14 15-18 19-23 Number of labels 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5.4.3 Swatch Attachment. Attach thermolabel swatches to hem of towels from the damp load with a stainless
28、 steel safety pin as shown in figure 3. Figure 3 Thermolabel attachment NOTE 1 There are two Thermolabels on this swatch covering two different temperature ranges: 90F (32.2C) to 130F (54.4C) and 130F (54.4C) to 200F (93.3C). NOTE 2 In this example, 110F (43.3C) is the highest label to have turned c
29、olor, which indicates the highest temperature achieved. p 9 ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 5.4.4 Loading. Insert damp test load (Section 3.3.2) in dryer using the procedure in Section 3.4, uniformly distributing the towels with thermolabels attached throughout the load. 5.4.5 Drying the Load. Run dryer for a)
30、 or b) below, utilizing temperature setting and loads used in Section 4.5. a) Timer dryers. a. Always exclude cool down period b. Using the steps in Section 4.5, the test load is dried to 5% RMC. c. Run the dryer additionally for 50% of the time needed to dry to 5% RMC but for minimum additional 20
31、minutes. b) Sensor dryers. Use steps in Section 4.5 to dry until cool down starts. Immediately following completion of this time, run through the cool down period (when provided) in the “normal“ cycle on the machine. 5.4.6 Thermocouple Readings. At the conclusion of the drying cycle immediately foll
32、owing cool down, insert three thermocouples, one into approximate center of the clothes load, the other two within a 3 inch radius of center. Press down on the top of the clothes load to insure thermocouple contact with load items until temperature is stabilized. All readings shall be taken within 3
33、 minutes. Record the maximum temperature. 5.4.7 Thermolabel Inspection. Remove clothes load from dryer and record the temperature for the highest temperature thermolabel that has completely or partially turned color for each swatch. If all thermolabels turned color on any one swatch, or none in the
34、entire load turned color, repeat the run with thermolabels covering a more appropriate temperature range. 5.4.8 Repeat Testing. Repeat Sections 5.4.2 thru 5.4.7 two additional times for each load size tested. 5.5 Data Analysis a) Record load bone dry weight in lbs. b) Record the dryer temperature co
35、ntrol setting and dryness setting if appropriate. c) Record, test room conditions (temperature and percent relative humidity). d) Final load temperature from thermocouple reading in degrees F. e) Record final test load maximum temperature from Section 5.4.6. f) Record average time to dry to 5%. g) R
36、ecord the thermolabel temperature achieved from each swatch (see Section 5.4.7 for label inspection). h) Using the data recorded as specified in Section 5.4.7 for each run, calculate the average of the values constituting a Load Temperature Test. p 10 ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 Table 3 Clothes Temperature
37、 Measurements Nominal Load Lab Technician Wt., Lb. Dryer Voltage Run No. Date Test Data ITEM PARAMETER CALCULATIONS RESULT A Bone Dry Load Wt., Lb None Required B Dryer Max. Temperature Control Setting None Required C Room Temperature, deg F None Required D Room Relative Humidity, % None Required E
38、Heater Energy, Input None Required F Total Energy, Input None Required G Final Load Temperature, deg F, as specified in Section 5.4.6 None Required H Average Time to Dry to 5%, Min. Calculate Average I For timer dryers, added drying time, Min. 0.5H or 20 Min. Minimum J For timer dryers, total drying
39、 time, Min. H + I K Thermolabel average temperature, deg F, from Section 5.5.g L Thermolabel maximum temperature, deg F, from Section 5.5.g 6. SAFETY Safety provisions for gas and electric dryers are detailed in American National Standards ANSI Z21.5.11and ANSI/UL 2158, latest editions.21Available f
40、rom the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdStreet, New York, NY 10036 or http:/webstore.ansi.org/. 2Copies are available online from Comm-2000 (http:/m- by phone (United States or Canada) toll-free 1-888-UL33503 or 1-888-853-3503; by fax 1.630.932.7312; by email orderscomm-; or by ma
41、il at COMM 2000, 1414 Brook Drive, Downers Grove, IL 60515. p 11 ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 Annex A (informative) SPECIFICATIONS FOR BASE LOAD The base load shall consist of sheets, pillowcases and towels conforming with the specifications given in Table A.1 (measured at 20+ 2 C and 65 + 5% relative humid
42、ity and certified by the supplier). Table A.1Specification of the Base Load Textiles Criteria for conditioned new textiles Bed sheets Pillowcases Towels Substrate Long staple pure cotton Yarn Ring spun Yarn twist (T/m) Warp 600 20 600 20 610 20 Weft 500 15 500 15 490 15 Yarn Count (tex) Warp 33 1 33
43、 1 36 1 Weft 33 1 33 1 97 1 Weave Plain weave linen 1/1 Plain weave linen 1/1 Huckaback Pick count (pick/cm) Warp 24 1 24 1 20 1 Weft 24 1 24 1 12 1 Mass per unit area (g/m2) 185 10 185 10 220 10 Dimensions (mm) Length 2,400 150 800 50 1,000 50 Width 1,600 40 800 20 500 30 Weight per piece (g) 725 1
44、5 240 5 110 3 Finish Desizing, boiling off, singeing, bleaching, no filling or stiffening size Water uptake in % a138 10 138 10 250 15 Shrinkage b,cwarp in % After 5th test run as compared to new textiles negative 5 1 negative 5 1 negative 16.5 1 After 25th test run as compared to after 5th test run
45、 negative 3 1 negative 3 1 negative 3 1 Shrinkage b,cwarp in % After 5th test run as compared to new textiles negative 5 1 negative 7 1 negative 11 1 After 25th test run as compared to after 5th test run negative 3 1 negative 3 1 negative 3 1 p 12 ANSI/AHAM HLD-1-2010 a. The procedure used (DIN 5392
46、3-see Bibliography in IEC 60456/Ed 5) is established for the determination of water absorption capacity of textiles with high water absorption capacity. Water absorption capacity is the amount of water that a textile fabric, conditioned at (20 2)C / (65 2)% RH, takes up during storage in water of 20
47、C for 60 seconds. The sample with the conditioned mass, mc, is fixed on a sieve of stainless steel and dipped into a flat dish with 20C water. After 60 seconds the sample is taken out of the water, drop dried for 120 seconds and then weighed again (m60). The water absorption capacity wac is (m60 mc)
48、 x 100: mc. The data are measured after 25 test runs as specified in footnote a. b. In order to quality the suitability of the textiles for use to this International Standard, the manufacturer of the textiles should carry out test runs on samples from the production batch in the reference machine. T
49、he following wash test runs should be carried out in the reference machine: Test runs 1 to 5: pre-treatment according to 6.3.2 (IEC60456/Ed 5). Test runs 6 to 25: test runs according to 8.1 (IEC 60456/Ed 5) in reference machine using the 60C cotton reference program (without prewash but including rinsing and spinning) but without any normalization betw
