1、IEEE Std 1484.12.3-20051484.12.3TMIEEE Standard for LearningTechnologyExtensible MarkupLanguage (XML) Schema DefinitionLanguage Binding for LearningObject Metadata 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USAIEEE Computer SocietySponsored by theLearning Technology Standards Committee10 November 2005P
2、rint: SH95339PDF: SS95339The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 10 November 2005. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is
3、 a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require
4、 use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible foridentifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standar
5、d or for conducting inquiries into thelegal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. iiiIntroductionThis Standard defines World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Extensible Markup Language (XML) structureand constraints on the contents of
6、 XML 1.1 documents that can be used to represent learning objectmetadata (LOM) instances as defined in IEEE Std 1484.12.1-2002. This Standard defines the structure andconstraints of the XML 1.1 documents in W3C XML Schema definition language.The purpose of this Standard is to allow the creation of i
7、nteroperable LOM instances in XML. This Standarduses the W3C XML Schema definition language as the encoding, which allows for interoperability and theexchange of LOM XML instances between various systems.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the fol
8、lowing URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called t
9、o the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identif
10、yingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1484.12.3-2005, IEEE Standard for Learning Tec
11、hnologyExtensibleMarkup Language (XML ) Schema Definition Language Binding for Learning Object Metadata.iv Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this Standard was completed, the P1484.12.3 XML Binding of Learning Object MetadataWorking Group had the following membership: W
12、ayne Hodgins, ChairErik Duval, Technical EditorScott Lewis, Technical EditorThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this Standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this Standard on 10 May 2005, it
13、 had the followingmembership:Don Wright, ChairSteve M. Mills, Vice ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusMitchell BonnettDebbie BrownTsz ChanMichael CollettIngo DahnGeoffrey DarntonMaulik DaveMarco De VosGuru Dutt DhingraSam DooleyKameshwar ErankiFrank FaranceDavid ForeErnesto GarciaMatthew G
14、reamPeter GreeneThomas HerrmannCord HockemeyerRobert Bruce KelseyMark KnightDavid LecistonGregory LuriRyan MadronFaramarz MaghsoodlouJon MasonWilliam MeltonGeorge MiaoRajesh MoorkathBrandon MuramatsuBoyd NielsenMikael NilssonLassi NirhamoClaude OstynMiroslav PavlovicKlaus RapfDaniel RehakTyde Richar
15、dsRobby RobsonThomas StaraiGerald StueveBrian TaliesinSchawn ThroppMark TillinghastLi ZhangPhilomena ZimmermanMitchell BonnettDebbie BrownTsz ChanMichael CollettGeoffrey DarntonMaulik DaveMarco De VosGuru Dutt DhingraSam DooleyErik DuvalKameshwar ErankiFrank FaranceDavid ForeErnesto GarciaMatthew Gr
16、eamThomas HerrmannCord HockemeyerWayne HodginsRobert Bruce KelseyMark KnightDavid LecistonGregory LuriRyan MadronFaramarz MaghsoodlouJon MasonWilliam MeltonGeorge MiaoRajesh MoorkathBrandon MuramatsuBoyd NielsenMikael NilssonLassi NirhamoClaude OstynMiroslav PavlovicKlaus RapfDaniel RehakTyde Richar
17、dsRobby RobsonThomas StaraiGerald StueveBrian TaliesinSchawn ThroppMark TillinghastLi ZhangPhilomena ZimmermanChuck AdamsStephen BergerMark D. BowmanJoseph A. BruderBob DavisRoberto de Marca BoissonJulian Forster*Arnold M. GreenspanMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanRichard J. HollemanRichard H. HulettLow
18、ell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Hermann KochThomas J. McGeanDaleep C. MohlaPaul NikolichT. W. OlsenRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenDoug ToppingJoe D. WatsonCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. vAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board li
19、aisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Project Editorvi Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 12. Normative references. 13. Definitions, acronyms, and
20、abbreviations 23.1 Definitions . 23.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 44. Conformance 44.1 Strictly conforming LOM XML instances. 44.2 Conforming LOM XML instances 55. LOM XML Schema binding definition . 55.1 General information. 55.2 LOM namespaces 65.3 Table format and organization. 75.4 LOM. 85.5 Co
21、mmon data types and elements . 24Annex A (informative) Bibliography 30Annex B (informative) Internet availability of XSD files . 31Annex C (informative) XSD file descriptions . 32Annex D (informative) Enabling extended data elements and attributes 36Annex E (informative) XSD implementation choices.
22、38Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Standard for Learning TechnologyExtensible Markup Language (XML) Schema Definition Language Binding for Learning Object Metadata1. OverviewThe scope and purpose of this Standard are discussed in 1.1 and 1.2.1.1 ScopeThis Standard defines World Wide W
23、eb Consortium (W3C) Extensible Markup Language (XML) structureand constraints on the contents of XML 1.1 documents that can be used to represent learning objectmetadata (LOM) instances as defined in IEEE Std 1484.12.1TM-2002.1This Standard defines the structureand constraints of the XML 1.1 document
24、s in W3C XML Schema definition language. An implementationthat conforms to this Standard shall conform to IEEE Std 1484.12.1-2002.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this Standard is to allow the creation of interoperable LOM instances in XML. This Standarduses the W3C XML Schema definition language as the en
25、coding, which allows for interoperability and theexchange of LOM XML instances between various systems.2. Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Standard. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the la
26、test edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.IEEE Std 1484.12.1TM-2002, IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata.21For information on references, see Clause 2.IEEEStd 1484.12.3-2005 IEEE STANDARD FOR LEARNING TECHNOLOGYXML SCHEMA2 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All
27、 rights reserved.IETF RFC 2048:1996, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures.3IETF RFC 2426:1998, vCard MIME Directory Profile.ISO 639-1, Code for the Representation of Names of LanguagesPart 1: Alpha-2 code.4ISO 639-2, Codes for the Representation of Names of
28、 LanguagesPart 2: Alpha-3 code.ISO 3166-1, Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries and Their SubdivisionsPart 1: CountryCodes.ISO/IEC 10646-1, Information TechnologyUniversal Multiple-Octet Coded Character SetPart 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.5W3C Recommendation (28 Octobe
29、r 2004), XML Schema Part 1: Structures, Second Edition.6W3C Recommendation (28 October 2004), XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, Second Edition.W3C Recommendation (4 February 2004), Namespaces in XML 1.1.3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviationsDefinitions and acronyms are defined in 3.1 and 3.2, respe
30、ctively.3.1 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary ofIEEE Standards Terms B17should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.3.1.1 aggregate element: A LOM data element that contains other LOM data elements call
31、ed subelements.See also: subelement.3.1.2 component Extensible Markup Language Schema definition (component XSD): An ExtensibleMarkup Language Schema definition that defines a constituent of a composite schema. See also: compositeExtensible Markup Language Schema definition.3.1.3 composite Extensibl
32、e Markup Language Schema definition (composite XSD): An ExtensibleMarkup Language Schema definition that is a structure made up of distinct component XML Schemadefinitions. See also: component Extensible Markup Language Schema definition.2IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electri
33、cal and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/).3IETF publications are available from the Internet Engineering Task Force website at http:/ietf.org/rfc.html.4ISO publications are available from the ISO Central Secretariat, Case Postale 56, 1
34、rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzer-land/Suisse (http:/www.iso.ch/). ISO publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).5ISO/IEC publications ar
35、e available from the ISO Central Secretariat, Case Postale 56, 1 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Swit-zerland/Suisse (http:/www.iso.ch/). ISO/IEC publications are also available in the United States from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, USA (http:/ Electron
36、ic copies are available in the United States from the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).6W3C publications are available from the World Wide Web Consortium, 32 Vassar Street, Room 32-G515, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (htt
37、p:/www.w3.org/).7The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.IEEEDEFINITION LANGUAGE BINDING FOR LEARNING OBJECT METADATA Std 1484.12.3-2005Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 33.1.4 content model: A framework that identifies the makeup (i.e., data types, multipl
38、icity constraints,ordering) of a specific model.3.1.5 data type: A property of distinct values that indicates the common features of those values andoperations on those values.3.1.6 extended data element: A data element that is not defined in the LOMv1.0 base schema. See also:LOMv1.0 base schema.3.1
39、.7 extended vocabulary: A value space that is not defined in the LOMv1.0 base schema for a LOM dataelement of type Vocabulary. See also: LOMv1.0 base schema.3.1.8 Extensible Markup Language Information Set (XML Infoset): An abstract data set that provides aconsistent set of definitions for use in ot
40、her specifications that need to refer to the information in a well-formed XML document (W3C, XML Information Set). See also: post-schema-validation infoset.3.1.9 Extensible Markup Language Schema binding (XML Schema binding): A textual representationof the behaviors, attributes, and value space of a
41、 data model element in W3C XML Schema definitionlanguage. 3.1.10 learning object: Any entity, digital or nondigital, that may be used for learning, education, ortraining. (IEEE 1484.12.1-2002)3.1.11 learning object metadata data element (LOM data element): A data element for which the name,explanati
42、on, size, ordering, value space, and data type are defined in IEEE Std 1484.12.1-2002. Seealso: LOMv1.0 base schema.3.1.12 learning object metadata Extensible Markup Language instance (LOM XML instance): Acollection of metadata for a learning object that conforms to IEEE Std 1484.12.1-2002, that is
43、represented inXML, and that adheres to the requirements and constraints of the XML Schema binding.3.1.13 LOMv1.0 base schema: A structured collection of standard data items, including their data types,multiplicities, and container/component relationships, as defined in IEEE Std 1484.12.1-2002, Claus
44、e 6.3.1.14 mixed content: An element type has mixed content when elements of that type may contain characterdata, optionally interspersed with child elements. (W3C, Extensible Markup Language XML 1.1)3.1.15 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions type (MIME type): A standard way of classifying content
45、types on the Internet.3.1.16 post-schema-validation infoset: A transformed version of the XML infoset of a document producedby a conforming W3C XML Schema processor. W3C XML Schema defines the data elements added to theXML infoset of the original document during validation to produce the post-schema
46、-validation infoset. Seealso: Extensible Markup Language information set.3.1.17 subelement: A LOM data element that is contained within another LOM data element called anaggregate element. A subelement may contain other subelements; in which case, it is also an aggregateelement. See also: aggregate
47、element.IEEEStd 1484.12.3-2005 IEEE STANDARD FOR LEARNING TECHNOLOGYXML SCHEMA4 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.3.1.18 token: A character string. The value space of a token is the set of strings that do not contain the linefeed (#xA) or tab (#x9) characters, that have no leading or trailing
48、 spaces (#x20), and that have no internalsequences of two or more spaces. The lexical space is the set of strings that does not contain the line feed(#xA) nor tab (#x9) characters, that have no leading or trailing spaces (#x20), and that have no internalsequences of two or more spaces. The base type
49、 is normalizedString. Tokens are case sensitive.(Adapted from W3C, XML Schema Part 2). See also: token set.3.1.19 token set: A set of tokens in which each token is unique. See also: token.3.1.20 uniqueness constraint: A restriction placed on a LOM data element that enforces that the LOM dataelement is unique within a LOM XML instance. If a LOM data element has a uniqueness constraint, itappears in a LOM XML instance zero or one time. See also: learning object metadata data element.3.1.21 value space: The set of values for a given
