1、WITHDRAWN ANSI/IEEE Std 928-1986 (Withdrawn 2005)An American National StandardIEEE Recommended Criteria for Terrestrial Photovoltaic Power SystemsSponsorIEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 PhotovoltaicsWithdrawn 25 January 2005IEEE-SA Standards BoardApproved April 25, 1985American National Stan
2、dards Institute* Withdrawn standards are standards are no longer useful or contain significant obsolete or erroneous infor-mation. All amendments or corrigenda associated with this standard have also been withdrawn. This stan-dard has been withdrawn as an American National Standard (ANSI).WARNING: I
3、n using this standards, you do so AT YOUR OWN RISK, as the technology contained hereinmay contain significant obsolete or erroneous information, or may have been superseded since the date ofwithdrawal. IEEE neither represents nor warrants that any information in this standard is either useful, in us
4、eby industry, current, without error, or applicable for any particular purpose.Information on withdrawn standards is available in the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual.WITHDRAWN The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 19
5、86 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent the appropriate ones will depend on the type of application considered.6.1 QualificationQualication of a system design to pe
6、rform a given function can be established by qualication testing of the completesystem if feasible or of each subsystem followed by a thorough analysis of the performance of the system comprisingthe qualied subsystems. A given subsystem may be tested to establish qualication of the generic type that
7、 itrepresents. Once qualication tests have been passed, further tests on the subsystem are unnecessary unless the design,material, or fabrication process is changed.6.2 Factory AcceptanceAll subsystems should pass a factory acceptance test to verify that each unit meets its performance specications.
8、 Thistype of test is usually performed by the manufacturer. In some cases, lot acceptance tests based on sampling plans arepossible. Some systems and subsystems, especially those used for large system applications, are too big to be tested atthe manufacturers plant. These should be tested when assem
9、bled into the full operating system.6.3 System Level AcceptanceWhen the system has been installed and is in operating condition, use natural sunlight for the performance tests on thecomplete system to verify its overall performance according to specications.6.4 Abnormal ConditionTests should ensure
10、that when system performance requirements are exposed to abnormal conditions, such as thosepresented in 8.3, the system will respond in a safe manner.7. InstallationFor system installation, design consideration for the system installation should be given during the system design toensure that the re
11、sulting system can be installed in a safe manner. Designs shall conform to applicable codes. Includedas part of system installation are the following tasks:7.1 TransportationAll parts, assemblies, or subsystems to be shipped to the construction site should include design considerations toensure prop
12、er and safe shipping and handling.WITHDRAWN 8Copyright 1986 IEEE All Rights ReservedIEEE Std 928-1986 IEEE RECOMMENDED CRITERIA FOR7.2 Handling and StorageProcedures should be specied for any system components that require special handling. The need for special handlingprocedures is especially indic
13、ated for solar-cell modules, panels, and other array parts.7.3 Site PreparationSite preparation depends upon the size and type of application considered. Any site preparation necessary shall bedetermined during system design and should be performed as a rst step in the installation procedure.7.4 Ass
14、emblyClear, concise, step-by-step installation instructions should be provided.7.5 GroundingThe system should be installed with proper grounding and in compliance with all applicable codes and standards.8. Operation8.1 Operational ModesThe mode of operation for which the system is designed will depe
15、nd upon the requirements of the application. Systemoperational modes include 8.1.1 through 8.1.3.8.1.1 AutomaticIn automatic operation, the system uses its own system monitor and control subsystem to automatically supervise allsubsystem functions and interactions to implement the desired system oper
16、ating strategy.8.1.2 Remote DispatchIn this mode, all subsystem functions and interactions are under the control of a central operator or remote-controlcomputer acting as an operator.8.1.3 ManualAll subsystem functions and interactions are under control of the local operator. This mode is normally u
17、sed for systemcheckout, maintenance, and malfunction diagnosis.8.2 Operational SafetySystem operating procedures shall be dened to ensure the safety of all personnel. It should be noted that the systemshall meet the requirements of all applicable codes.When operated with connection to a utility grid
18、, the system shall be designed to be compatible with utility safetypractices. On loss of utility power, the PV system shall disconnect itself from the utility grid. Safeguards shall beincluded to protect utility personnel from injury in such a case.WITHDRAWN Copyright 1986 IEEE All Rights Reserved9T
19、ERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS IEEE Std 928-19868.3 Operation Under Abnormal ConditionsSystem performance requirements are dened for operation within specied normal limits. However, one or moreabnormal conditions can occur, and when they do, the system shall detect the abnormal conditions and
20、 takeappropriate action.Abnormal conditions that can occur include:1) High or low battery or array voltage2) High or low utility line voltage3) Loss of utility4) Momentary transient in ac line voltage5) Subsystem abnormalities6) Radio-frequency interference (r)7) AC overload8) Nonsynchronous line ti
21、e9) Turn-on/turn-off oscillation10) Phase imbalance11) Induced dc transients12) Loss of one or more phases in a three-phase system13) Abnormally high temperatures14) Over/under frequency9. MaintenanceAn operating system may require in-service and preventive maintenance. An owners manual describing b
22、oth types ofmaintenance procedures should be supplied with the system.9.1 In-ServiceSolar PV systems utilize many replications of the same component. This is especially true for the solar arraysubsystem. Therefore, when individual components fail, system output is in general not interrupted but degr
23、aded.Maintenance procedures should be established that dene how individual parts of the system can be identied andisolated so that service work can be safely performed.9.2 PreventiveAll operational and diagnostic tests and preventive maintenance procedures and their frequency should be specied inthe owners manual of the system. Where parts require regular periodic service, such as lubrication or cleaning tomaintain satisfactory performance, the frequency and maintenance procedures should be clearly specied.
