1、 IEEE 3001 STANDARDS:POWER SYSTEMS DESIGNIEEE Std 3001.8-2013 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Instrumentation and Metering of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems IEEE Std 3001.8-2013 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Instrumentation and Metering of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Spons
2、or Technical Books Coordinating Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Approved 6 February 2013IEEE-SA Standards Board Approved 31 October 2014American National Standards InstituteAbstract: Recommended Practice for the Instrumentation and Metering of Industrial and Commercial Power Syst
3、ems Keywords: commercial power, IEEE 3001.8TM, industrial power, instrumentation, metering xThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2013 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Publi
4、shed 5 April 2013. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 2013 IEEE. A
5、ll rights reserved. iv Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the sta
6、ndard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copy
7、righted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available
8、for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be am
9、ended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the
10、current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/index.html or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE stan
11、dards development process, visit IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/index.html. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.
12、Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If
13、 a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling
14、 to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Essential Patent Claims may
15、exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions
16、provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely
17、 their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Participants The members of the P3001.8 Working Group include: James Harvey, Chair Gary Fox Dave Korpess William Moylan Dave Wheeler At the time this IEEE
18、recommended practice was completed, the Power System Design Working Group had the following membership: Peter Sutherland, Chair Tom Baldwin Kurt Clemente Alireza Daneshpooy Gary Fox Russell Gentile Manjinder Gill Alok Gupta James Harvey Adrienne Hendrickson Barry Hornberger John Kay Tanuj Khandelwal
19、 Dave Korpess Wei-Jen Lee David Mills Daniel Neeser Lorraine Padden Dev Paul Abraham Pichardo Louie Powell Kent Sayler Shelli Sedlak James Smith Jerry Smith Sonny Sungupta David Tepen Steven Townsend The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. Ball
20、oters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William Ackerman Mark Bowman Frederick Brockhurst Chris Brooks William Byrd Kurt Clemente Carey Cook Alireza Daneshpooy Douglas Dorr Neal Dowling Donald Dunn Gary Fox Manjinder Gill Randall Groves Robert Hoerauf Gael Kennedy Yuri Kherson
21、sky Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Wei-Jen Lee Greg Luri Daniel Neeser Dennis Neitzel Lorraine Padden Louie Powell Charles Rogers Benjamin Rolfe Bartien Sayogo Robert Schuerger Gil Shultz James Smith Jerry Smith Peter Sutherland Michael Swearingen David Tepen Marcelo Valdes Tamatha Womack When the IEEE-
22、SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 6 February 2013, it had the following membership: John Kulick, Chair David J. Law, Vice Chair Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi Peter Balma Farooq Bari Ted Burse Wael William Diab Stephen Dukes
23、 Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Mark Halpin Gary Hoffman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii Michael Janezic Joseph L. Koepfinger* Oleg Logvinov Ron Petersen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Adrian Stephens Peter Sutherland Yatin Trivedi Phil Winston Yu Yuan *Mem
24、ber Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Julie Alessi IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Lisa Perry IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Developmen
25、t Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 3001.8-2013, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Instrumentation and Metering of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. IEEE 3000 Standards CollectionTMThis recommended practice was developed by t
26、he Technical Books Coordinating Committee of the Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Department of the Industry Applications Society as part of a project to repackage the popular IEEE Color Books. The goal of this project is to speed up the revision process, eliminate duplicate material, and fac
27、ilitate use of modern publishing and distribution technologies. When this project is completed, the technical material in the thirteen IEEE Color Books will be included in a series of new standardsthe most significant of which will be a new standard, IEEE Std 3000TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for th
28、e Engineering of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. The new standard will cover the fundamentals of planning, design, analysis, construction, installation, startup, operation, and maintenance of electrical systems in industrial and commercial facilities. Approximately 60 additional dot standar
29、ds, organized into the following categories, will provide in-depth treatment of many of the topics introduced by IEEE Std 3000TM: Power Systems Design (3001 series) Power Systems Analysis (3002 series) Power Systems Grounding (3003 series) Protection and Coordination (3004 series) Emergency, Standby
30、 Power, and Energy Management Systems (3005 series) Power Systems Reliability (3006 series) Power Systems Maintenance, Operations, and Safety (3007 series) In many cases, the material in a dot standard comes from a particular chapter of a particular IEEE Color Book. In other cases, material from sev
31、eral IEEE Color Books has been combined into a new dot standard. The material in this recommended practice largely comes from IEEE Std 141TM(IEEE Red BookTM) and IEEE Std 241TM(IEEE Gray BookTM). IEEE Std 3001.8TMThis recommended practice covers the instrumentation and metering of industrial and com
32、mercial power systems. It describes the importance of metering to achieve a successful energy management process, as well as considerations that must be made when applying the latest metering technology. Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. ix Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 General 1
33、2. Definitions 2 3. Examples of service instrumentation and metering 2 3.1 Services that are 3-phase, 4-wire with high current levels and higher voltages 3 3.2 Services that are 3-phase, 3-wire, with high current levels and higher voltages . 3 3.3 Primary voltage substationservice is above 600 V 4 3
34、.4 Issues affecting the above noted examples 5 3.5 Other configuration and application issues 6 4. Basic objectives 6 5. Instruments . 6 5.1 Size and accuracy of switchboard and panel mounted instruments . 7 5.2 Ammeters 7 5.3 Voltmeters . 7 5.4 Watt-meter . 8 5.5 VAR-meter 8 5.6 Power-factor meter
35、8 5.7 Frequency meter 8 5.8 Synchroscope . 8 5.9 Elapsed time meter and operations counter . 9 6. Meters . 9 6.1 Kilowatt-hour meters . 9 6.2 Kilovar-hour meters 11 6.3 Demand meters .12 7. Portable instruments 12 7.1 Clamp-on ammeters 13 7.2 Volt-ohmmeter (VOM), digital multimeter (DMM) .13 8. Reco
36、rding instruments .13 8.1 Power quality analyzers 13 8.2 Load profile recorders.14 8.3 Computer data acquisition systems.14 8.4 Oscillographs 14 9. Auxiliary devices .14 9.1 Introduction 14 9.2 Current transformers .15 9.3 Potential (voltage) transformers15 9.4 Shunts .15 9.5 Transducers .16 10. Ins
37、truments and meters commonly selected for various types of power services and applications .16 10.1 Equipment above 600 V (medium voltage) 16 10.2 Equipment 600 V and lower .16 Annex A (informative) Bibliography .18 Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. x Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved
38、. 1 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Instrumentation and Metering of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, health, or environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks. Impl
39、ementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all applicable laws and regulations. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices an
40、d legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.i
41、eee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This recommended practice covers the instrumentation and metering (I but more importantly upon the costs of downtime when the facility has a loss of power. Good I an equivalent panel ammeter might have a diameter of 5 cm to 7.5 cm (2 in to 3 in) an
42、d a scale length of 4 cm (1.5 in). As a general rule for analog instruments, the longer the scale length is, the higher its full-scale accuracy. It should be noted that accuracy of all analog meters at low scale readings (less than 20% of full-scale reading) are significantly less than the full-scal
43、e accuracies. In a similar manner, digital instruments often have accuracy ratings as a percentage of the reading, plus or minus one or more digits. Some of the more common instruments are discussed below. (See also ANSI C39.1 B11 for standard sizes, scales, and accuracies.) The full-scale reading f
44、or an analog instrument equals, or is a function of, the primary rating of the installed instrument transformers. For example, a full-scale reading of an ammeter connected with a 1200:5 current transformer will be 1200 A. If the normal load current, however, is 400 A, the readings may be less accura
45、te and may be difficult to read. In such cases, it might be better to specify a 2.5 A instrument or a 600:5 CT for higher accuracy and ease of reading. Digital instruments normally permit programming of the instrument transformer ratio rating. This offers users greater flexibility when specifying in
46、strument transformer ratios and instrument full-scale ratings. While it should never be an issue with switchboard and panel meters, one should always be sure that the devices reflect rms values. Devices reading peak (and not rms) values will give misleading results. Since most facilities today have
47、a significant portion of non-linear loads, the differences between rms readings and peak readings are often significant. For devices monitoring dc systems, this is normally not an issue. 5.2 Ammeters Ammeters are used to measure the current that flows in a circuit. If the current is less than 5 A, a
48、n ammeter may be series connected in the circuit to be measured. If the current is greater than 5 A, the ammeter typically measures the circuit indirectly via a current transformer or a shunt. Selector switches (SS) are often installed so that one ammeter may be connected to any of the phases and sw
49、itched between phases. Often these selector switches also have an off position. 5.3 Voltmeters Voltmeters are used to measure the potential difference between conductors or terminals. A voltmeter is connected directly across the points between which the potential difference is to be measured. Potential IEEE Std 3001.8-2013 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Instrumentation and Metering of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. 8 (voltage) transformers are generally required when more than 120 V is
