1、 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1997 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1997. Printed in the United States of America.ISBN 1-55937-868-9No part of this pu
2、blication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 1299/C62.22.1-1996(R2003)IEEE Guide for the Connection of Surge Arresters to Protect Insulated, Shielded Electric Power Cable SystemsSponsorInsulate
3、d Conductors Committeeand theSurge Protective Devices Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 10 December 1996IEEE Standards BoardApproved 15 May 1997American National Standards InstituteAbstract: This guide suggests surge arrester installation methods at distribution cable terminalpol
4、es in order to minimize the total impressed transient voltage on medium-voltage distribution ca-bles. Grounding electrode techniques, pole ground values, and system ground grid values are notaddressed or considered in this document.Keywords: cable, lead length, margin of protection, surge arrestersI
5、EEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and theStandards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve volun-tarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards dev
6、elopedwithin IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as thoseactivities outside of IEEE that have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard.Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Stan
7、dard does not imply that thereare no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related tothe scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved andissued is subject to change brought about through deve
8、lopments in the state of the art and commentsreceived from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years forrevision or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is rea-sonable to conclude that its content
9、s, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state ofthe art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membershipaffiliation with
10、 IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change oftext, together with appropriate supporting comments.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as theyrelate to specific applications. When the need for inte
11、rpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, theInstitute will initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus ofall concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of abalance of interests. For
12、 this reason IEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to pro-vide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previouslyreceived formal consideration. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secr
13、etary, IEEE Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAAuthorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyrigh
14、tClearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Cus-tomer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (508) 750-8400. Permission to photocopyportions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through t
15、he Copy-right Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard mayrequire use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights inconnection
16、 therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying all patents forwhich a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std
17、1299/C62.22.1-1996, IEEE Guide for the Connection of Surge Arresters toProtect Insulated, Shielded Electric Power Cable Systems.)This guide concentrates on the connection of surge arresters for distribution system terminal pole applica-tions in order to minimize the total impressed transient voltage
18、 that the cable system can experience duringsurge current discharge. It is not the intent of this guide to recommend the use of surge arresters, as that isaddressed in IEEE Std C62.22-1991, IEEE Guide for the Application of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters forAlternating-Current Systems. Pole or system g
19、rounding values and techniques are not addressed. Practical,simple examples are provided in an informative annex to estimate margins of protection depending upon thearrester installation technique used.The Accredited Standards Committee on Surge Arresters, C62, that reviewed and approved this docume
20、nt,had the following members at the time of approval:Joseph L. Koepfinger, ChairJohn A. Gauthier, SecretaryRosemary Tennis,IEEE Staff LiaisonOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeAssociation of American Railroads .Wayne EtterCanadian Standards Association. D. M. SmithBonneville Power Admini
21、stration G. E. LeeElectric Light and Power. J. W. WilsonW. A. MaguireG. N. Miller(Alt.)R. A. JonesT. A. WolfeInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.J. L. KoepfingerJ. J. BurkeG. L. GaibroisW. H. KappRichard OdenbergKeith StumpEdgar Taylor (Alt.)National Electrical Manufacturers Associatio
22、n .Dennis W. LenkLarry Bock (Alt.)Andi HaaPaul JeffriesHans SteinhoffJonathan J. WoodworthMembers-at-Large J. OsterhoutB. PensarSteven G. WhisenantRural Electrification Administration.(vacant)Underwriters Laboratories . George MauroivAt the time this guide was completed, Working Group 10-53 had the
23、following membership:Jeffry Mackevich,ChairThe following persons were on the balloting committee:Steven AuPaul BloyedHarvey BowlesJames CareyThomas ChampionPhilip CoxRuss DantzlerJohn DuPontWilliam HansenPaul JustGael KennedyCarl LandingerGlenn LuzziGreg MastorasJohn PegramGreg RampleyRobert Resuali
24、 Bruce ShattuckFrank StepniakJim TarpeyKeith WardenClarence WooddellHarry YaworskiR. W. AllenTheodore A. BalaskaEarle C. Bascom, IIIMichael BayerBruce L. BennettM. Thomas BlackDavid T. BogdenVincent J. BoliverKen E. BowHarvey L. BowlesJohn E. BramfittThomas C. ChampionPaul L. CinquemaniMike G. Combe
25、rThomas M. ComptonRuss C. DantzlerMichele de NigrisJames DetwilerC. DoenchJohn P. DupontCliff C. ErvenRobert E. FlemingS. Michael FotyRonald F. FrankR.D. FulcomerGilbert L. GaibroisJohn B. GardnerRobert B. GearKenneth HancockRichard L. HarpRichard A. HartleinWolfgang B. HaverkampStanley V. HeyerLaur
26、i J. HiivalaAndrew Robert HilemanDavid W. JacksonDarrel R. JeterFred KimseyJoseph L. KoepfingerF.E. LaGaseCarl LandingerGerald E. LeeDennis W. LenkGabor LudasiJeffry MackevichWilliam A. MaguireSpiro G. MastorasAndreas MeierJohn E. Merando, Jr.James A. MoranYasin I. MusaShantanu NandiDan J. NicholsJo
27、seph C. OsterhoutJames J. PachotCutter D. PalmerKeith A. PettyGary PolhillJohn B. PoseyGreg P. RampleyRobert A. ResualiGilbert L. SmithNagu N. SrinivasThomas F. StaboszHans SteinhoffFrank StepniakKeith B. StumpOrloff W. StyveL. Douglas SweeneyEva J. TarasiewiczEdgar R. Taylor, Jr.Rao ThallamAustin C
28、. TingleyDuc B. TrinhRichard S. VencusMichael L. WalkerReigh WallingDaniel J. WardRoland H. W. WatkinsArthur C. WestromSteve G. WhisenantJohn L. WhiteJames W. Wilson, Jr.Jonathan J. WoodworthDonald M. WordenJoseph T. ZimnochvWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on 10 December 1996, i
29、t had the followingmembership:Donald C. Loughry,Chair Richard J. Holleman,Vice ChairAndrew G. Salem,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. AggarwalAlan H. CooksonChester C. TaylorRochelle L. SternIEEE Standards Project EditorGilles
30、A. BarilClyde R. CampJoseph A. CannatelliStephen L. DiamondHarold E. EpsteinDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forster*Donald N. HeirmanBen C. JohnsonE. G. “Al” KienerJoseph L. Koepfinger*Stephen R. LambertLawrence V. McCallL. Bruce McClungMarco W. MigliaroMary Lou PadgettJohn W. PopeJose R. RamosArthur K. R
31、eillyRonald H. ReimerGary S. RobinsonIngo RschJohn S. RyanChee Kiow TanLeonard L. TrippHoward L. WolfmanviContentsCLAUSE PAGE1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 12. Cable damage. 13. Lightning overvoltage and cable system effects 23.1 Lightning surges on the overhead distribution system 24. Surge a
32、rrester operation . 44.1 Surge arrester operation . 44.2 Lead length. 45. Cable system surge arrester protection schemes 45.1 Terminal pole arrester scheme. 45.2 Terminal pole and open point arrester scheme 55.3 Terminal pole, mid-point and open point arrester scheme 56. Lightning data 56.1 Multiple
33、 current impulses 56.2 Surge current magnitude 56.3 Rise time 66.4 Bi-polar surges. 67. Total impressed transient voltage 77.1 Total impressed transient voltage 77.2 Arrester discharge voltage . 77.3 Connection lead length voltage drop . 77.4 Sum of impressed transient voltage components. 77.5 Lead
34、inductance . 87.6 Lead voltage build drop . 88. Open-point protection 88.1 No open-point arrester . 88.2 With open-point protection 9viiCLAUSE PAGE9. Margins of protection. 99.1 Arrester at terminal pole only 99.2 Arresters at terminal pole and open point 109.3 Arresters at terminal pole, mid-span a
35、nd open point . 109.4 Historical minimum margin of protection . 1110. Terminal pole installation techniques 1110.1 Unjacketed concentric neutral cable using neutral wires or cable with semi-conducting jacket aspole ground with tap connection off riser 1110.2 Jacketed cable with separate pole ground
36、with tap connection off riser 1210.3 Equivalent electrical circuit for arrester installation 1310.4 Jacketed cable with separate pole ground with riser run through arrester. 1410.5 Reduced ground lead length. 1410.6 Use of coiled line lead discouraged. 1511. Recommendations 16ANNEXAnnex A (informati
37、ve) Margin of protection calculation examples . 18Annex B (informative) Bibliography 271IEEE Guide for the Connection of Surge Arresters to Protect Insulated, Shielded Electric Power Cable Systems1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis guide suggests surge arrester installation methods at distribution cable termin
38、al poles in order to mini-mize the total impressed transient voltage on medium-voltage distribution cables. Grounding electrode tech-niques, pole ground values, and system ground grid values are not addressed or considered in this document.1.2 PurposeHistorical surge arrester installation techniques
39、 for cable system protection may not have provided requiredmargins of protection. Variables include the terminal-pole arrester characteristics, connection lead lengthinductive voltage drop and cable system open and mid-point arrester utilization. Different protectionschemes are presented to assist t
40、he user who is designing overvoltage protection for cable systems to esti-mate available margins of protection. Margin of protection calculation cases for simple cases, which do notconsider multiple reflections or the effects or cable taps, are included as practical examples in Annex A.2. Cable dama
41、geMedium-voltage cables are connected to overhead distribution lines and subjected to surge conditions. Over-voltage may contribute to failure or reduction in cable life B7, B8. It is apparent cable life may beextended with improved surge protection B7, B8, B9. Significant aspects of cable surge pro
42、tectionincludea) Appropriate arrester at the terminal pole,b) Minimum connection lead length, c) Determination of the system BIL, with possible derating for aged systems, andd) Use of open point and midpoint arresters, as necessary, to maintain desired margins of protection.IEEEStd 1299/C62.22.1-199
43、6 IEEE GUIDE FOR THE CONNECTION OF SURGE ARRESTERS23. Lightning overvoltage and cable system effects3.1 Lightning surges on the overhead distribution systemMedium voltage cables can be subjected to severe transient overvoltages as a result of lightning striking on,or near the overhead distribution s
44、ystem to which the cable is connected. Lightning strokes terminating onthe overhead distribution line are called direct strokes. Strokes to ground, or to other objects such as trees orstructures, in the vicinity of the overhead line produce electromagnetic fields that can induce substantialovervolta
45、ges. These strokes, which do not strike the line but are sufficiently close to induce overvoltages, arecalled induced strokes.3.1.1 Direct strokesFor a direct stroke, the voltage on the overhead line is the product of the line surge impedance and the strokecurrent magnitude. The surge impedance of a
46、 typical distribution line is approximately 400 W. Unless thestroke is to an open end of a line, the surge current can propagate in both directions away from the strokelocation. Therefore, the stroke current is divided in two, and the line voltage is(1)whereefis the voltage to ground of the struck o
47、verhead line conductorIstrokeis the lightning stroke current magnitudeZlineis the surge impedance of the overhead lineBecause lightning stroke crest currents are on the order of tens of kiloamperes, crest line voltage for a directstroke is on the order of megavolts. This voltage level greatly exceed
48、s typical distribution line insulation lev-els, and line flashover usually results. An exception is when the line is protected by an arrester within a shortdistance from the stroke location.Voltages developed on an unprotected line prior to flashover propagate along the line as traveling waves. Atth
49、e surge impedance discontinuity of the overhead line to cable transition, part of the wave is reflected andnot all of the surge propagates into the cable. The voltage, which propagates into a cable, from an overheadline terminated into the cable without a transition point arrester, can be calculated by(1A)whereZcableis the surge impedance of the cableAssuming a typical cable surge impedance of 40 W, only about 18% of the incoming surge voltage wouldenter the cable because of the surge impedance discontinuity. However, because the voltage on the line priorto flashover coul
