1、ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007ISO 19134:2007, IDT) Geographic information Location-based services Multimodal routing and navigationANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007(ISO 19134:2007, IDT)ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007 ii ITIC 2007 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In ac
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4、inting. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology St
5、andards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 4/13/2007 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2007 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright
6、 claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an elect
7、ronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 1 3 Norma
8、tive references . 1 4 Terms and definitions. 1 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4 5.1 Acronyms 4 5.2 UML Notation. 4 5.3 Package abbreviations. 4 6 Multimodal LBS for routing and navigation.5 6.1 Semantics 5 6.2 Multimodal Network 5 6.3 Multimodal Routing 18 6.4 Multimodal Constraint and Advisory 2
9、4 6.5 Multimodal Navigation Service 26 6.6 Multimodal Cost Function 29 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 31 Annex B (informative) Multimodal Cost Functions for routing and navigation. 33 Bibliography . 38 ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007 ITIC 2007 All rights reservediv Foreword ISO (the Internationa
10、l Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been es
11、tablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardi
12、zation. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for vot
13、ing. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all suc
14、h patent rights. ISO 19134 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007 ITIC 2007 All rights reservedvIntroduction In everyday life in metropolitan areas in the world, a typical traveller is involved in using various modes of transporta
15、tion for daily activities: e.g. walking, driving, park-and-ride, mass transit and taxi. The traveller frequently faces the problem of finding the optimal or best route combining several modes, from the origin to the destination, passing through the locations (waypoints) where the traveller might wan
16、t to engage in activities such as shopping and meeting people, possibly satisfying a set of constraints such as the sequence constraints like “activity 1 before activity 2”, “location 1 before location 2”, etc. A typical intercity traveller faces situations requiring decisions to be made such as whi
17、ch station (junction) and by which mode to travel in order to take which system among the available transportation modes between an origin and a destination. The decision will depend on the overall cost that includes the line-haul, parking, routing, stopping at stations (junctions), stopping at inte
18、rmediate places, etc. This International Standard provides a conceptual schema for describing the data and services needed to support routing and navigation application for mobile clients who intend to reach a target position using two or more modes of transportation. This conceptual schema is a sta
19、ndard schema such as the spatial schema (ISO 19107) or the temporal schema (ISO 19108). This International Standard provides a description of a service type to support routing and navigation for a mode that operates either on a fixed route or with a fixed schedule, a description of data type for tra
20、nsfers, and a description of data type for schedule information and route information of a mode with a fixed route and/or schedule. Based upon ISO 19133:2005, this International Standard specifies additional classes as well as extensions to existing classes to be used for multimodal routing and navi
21、gation. As in ISO 19133:2005, this International Standard assumes that all requests for services will be encapsulated in a request/response pair between the mobile client and the client application or its on-web proxy application. Therefore, this International Standard describes service operation ty
22、pes and a set of request/response data types associated with some operations which are necessary for multimodal routing and navigation. By way of adding and/or expanding ISO 19133:2005, standardized conceptual schemas for multimodal routing and navigation of mobile clients will increase the ability
23、to share geographic information among multimodal location-based service applications. These schemas will be used by multimodal location-based service applications, mostly in metropolitan areas, and in all intercity travelling environments to provide consistently understandable spatial data structure
24、s. ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007 ITIC 2007 All rights reservedAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-20071Geographic information Location-based services Multimodal routing and navigation 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the data types and their associated operations for the imple
25、mentation of multimodal location-based services for routing and navigation. It is designed to specify web services that may be made available to wireless devices through web-resident proxy applications, but is not limited to that environment. 2 Conformance Conformance to this International Standard
26、depends on the type of entity declaring conformance. Mechanisms for the data exchanges are conformant to this International Standard if they contain record implementations of the object types described within this International Standard, as specified in A.2. Web services for routing and navigation a
27、re conformant to this International Standard if their interfaces implement one or both of the subtypes of service defined in this International Standard, as specified in A.3. Details of the conformance classes are given in the Abstract test suite in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following refe
28、renced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19101, Geographic information Reference model ISO 19107, Geogra
29、phic information Spatial schema ISO 19108, Geographic information Temporal schema ISO 19112, Geographic information Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers ISO 19133:2005, Geographic information Location-based services Tracking and navigation 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this do
30、cument, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 application manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements ISO 19101 ITIC 2007 All rights reserved2 4.2 application schema conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications ISO 19101 4.3 cost function function
31、that associates a measure (cost) to a route ISO 19133:2005 NOTE The normal mechanism is to apply a cost to each part of a route, and to define the total route cost as the sum of the cost of the parts. This is necessary for the operation of the most common navigation algorithms. The units of cost fun
32、ctions are not limited to monetary costs and values only, but include such measures as time, distance and possibly others. The only requirement is that the function be additive and at least non-negative. This latter criteria can be softened as long as it is not zero or less cost is associated to any
33、 loop in the network, as this will prevent the existence of a “minimal cost” route. 4.4 junction single topological node in a network with its associated collection of turns, and incoming and outgoing links ISO 19133:2005 NOTE Junction is an alias for node. 4.5 link directed topological connection b
34、etween two nodes (junctions), consisting of an edge and a direction ISO 19133:2005 NOTE Link is an alias for directed edge. 4.6 location identifiable geographic place ISO 19112 NOTE A location is represented by one of a set of data types that describes a position, along with metadata about that data
35、, including coordinates (from a coordinate reference system), a measure (from a linear referencing system), or an address (from an address system) ISO 19133:2005. 4.7 location-based service LBS service whose return or other property is dependent on the location of the client requesting the service o
36、r of some other thing, object or person ISO 19133:2005 4.8 navigation combination of routing, route traversal and tracking ISO 19133:2005 NOTE This is essentially the common term navigation, but the definition decomposes the process in terms used in the packages defined in this International Standar
37、d. ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007 ITIC 2007 All rights reserved34.9 network abstract structure consisting of a set of 0-dimensional objects called junctions, and a set of 1-dimensional objects called links that connect the junctions, each link being associated to a start (origin, source) junction and en
38、d (destination, sink) junction ISO 19133:2005 NOTE The network is essentially the universe of discourse for the navigation problem. Networks are a variety of one-dimensional topological complexes. In this light, junction and topological nodes are synonyms, as are link and directed edges. 4.10 positi
39、on data type that describes a point or geometry potentially occupied by an object or person ISO 19133:2005 NOTE A direct position is a semantic subtype of position. Direct position as described can only define a point and therefore not all positions can be represented by a direct position. That is c
40、onsistent with the “is type of” relation. An ISO 19107 geometry is also a position, but not a direct position. 4.11 route sequence of links, and/or partial links, that describe a path, usually between two positions, within a network ISO 19133:2005 4.12 routing finding of optimal (minimal cost functi
41、on) routes between locations in a network ISO 19133:2005 4.13 tracking monitoring and reporting the location of a vehicle ISO 19133:2005 4.14 transportation mode means that travellers can choose for transportation 4.15 turn part of a route or network consisting of a junction location and an entry an
42、d exit link for that junction ISO 19133:2005 4.16 traveller person subject to being navigated, or tracked cf. vehicle ISO 19133:2005 ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007 ITIC 2007 All rights reserved4 4.17 vehicle object subject to being navigated or tracked cf. traveller ISO 19133:2005 5 Symbols and abbrevia
43、ted terms 5.1 Acronyms BPR Bureau of Public Roads GDF Geographic Data Format GIS Geographic Information System GML Geographic Markup Language GPS Global Positioning System ITS Intelligent Transportation System LBS Location-Based Service LBMS Location-Based Mobile Services LP Linear Programming PCU P
44、assenger Car-equivalent Unit UML Unified Modeling Language 5.2 UML Notation The UML notation used in this International Standard is described in ISO 19107, and differs from standard UML only in the existence and interpretation of some special stereotypes, in particular “CodeList” and “Union”. As in
45、ISO 19133:2005, the term “context diagram”, as used extensively in the naming of figures in this International Standard, means a diagram that illustrates the context of a specified central type meaning the types of its attributes, operations and association targets. This is the information most usef
46、ul to the implementer of this central class. 5.3 Package abbreviations Two-letter abbreviations are used to denote the package that contains a class. Those abbreviations precede class names, connected by a “_”. The International Standard in which those classes are located is indicated in parentheses
47、. A list of those abbreviations follows. MM Multimodal Network (ISO 19134) MN Multimodal Navigation Service (ISO 19134) NS Navigation Service (ISO 19133:2005) NT Network (ISO 19133:2005) TM Temporal (ISO 19108) ANSI/INCITS/ISO 19134-2007 ITIC 2007 All rights reserved56 Multimodal LBS for routing and
48、 navigation 6.1 Semantics The model for multimodal LBS for routing and navigation consists of the ISO 19133:2005 package and five leaf packages: Multimodal Network, Multimodal Routing, Multimodal Constraint and Advisory, Multimodal Cost Function, and Multimodal Navigation Service. In addition to the
49、 appropriate types and classes of ISO 19133:2005, the five leaf packages contain types and classes which are necessary to create a multimodal LBS routing and navigation service. Figure 1 shows the dependencies among those leaf packages, including the ISO 19133:2005 package. Multimodal location-based service utilizes networks of public transportation modes that operate on fixed and/or flexible schedule routes, using either road networks or guided networks. Preferable tr
