1、TERNATION L STANDARD ME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEWYHAfOCIHAfl OPrAHM3AUMR n0 CTAHAAPTM3ALWlM.ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Data processing - Vocabulary Section 10 : Operating techniques and facilities First edition - 1979-03-15 Traitement de Iinf
2、ormation - Vocabulaire Chapitre 10 : Techniques et moyens dexploitation Premiere Edition - 1979-03-15 UDC/CDU 681.3 : 001.4 Ref. No./Rkf. no : ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) Descriptors : data processing, vocabuIary/Descripteurs : traitement de linformation, vocabulaire. Price based on 16 pages/Prix bask sur
3、 16 pages Processed and adopted by ASC NCITS and approved by ANSI as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/13/99Published by American National Standards Institute,11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 1999 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights
4、reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO),International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), andInformation Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication ma
5、y be reproducedin any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requestspertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaAdopted by INCITS (InterNational Comm
6、ittee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/13/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materia
7、ls are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
8、 form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by
9、 IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO member bodies). The work of developing International Standa
10、rds is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
11、 work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 2382/X was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 97, Computers and information
12、 processing, and was circulated to the member bodies in May 1977. lt has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Austral ia Hungary Belgium Italy Brazil Japan Czechoslovakia Netherlands Egypt, Arab Rep. of New Zealand Finland Poland France Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Tur
13、key United Kingdom U .S.A. Yugoslavia The member body o on technical grounds f the following country expressed disapproval of the document Germany, F. R. 0 International Organization for Standardkation, 1979 l Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS
14、under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AVANT-PROPOS LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comites membresde IISO). Lelaboration des Normes internationa
15、les est confiee aux comites techniques de IISO. Chaque comite membre interesse par une etude a Ie droit de faire partiedu comite technique correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec IISO, participent egalement aux travaux. Les projets
16、de Normes internationales adoptes par les comites techniques sont soumis aux comites membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes internationales par Ie Conseil de IISO. La Norme internationale ISO 2382/X a et6 elaboree par Ie comite technique lSO/TC 97, Calculateurs et traitement d
17、e linformation, et a et6 soumise aux comites membres en mai 1977. Les comites membres des pays suivants Iont approuvee : Australie Hongrie Belgique Italie Bresil Japon Egypte, Rep. arabe d Nouvelle-Zelande Espagne Pays-Bas Finlande Pologne France Roumanie Royaume-Uni Suede Su isse Tchecoslovaquie Tu
18、rquie U.S.A. Yougoslavie Le comite membre du pays suivant Ia desapprouvee pour des raisons techniques : Allemagne, R. F. 0 Organisation internationale de normalkation, 1979 l Impfirn6 en Suisse . . . Ill Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for R
19、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Data processing gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both intellectual and material nature. These exchanges often become difficu!t, either because of the great variety of terms used in various fields of languages
20、to express the same concept, or because of the absence of or the imprecision of useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings due to this Situation and to facilitate such exchanges, it is advisable to select terms to be used in various languages or in various countries to express the same concept and
21、to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. In accordance with the directions given to the ISO Sub-Committee in Charge of the Vocabulary, the work on it has been mainly based on the usage to be found in the Vocabulary o f in forma tion pr
22、ocessing * established and published by the International Federation for International Processing and the International Computation Centre, and in the USA Standard vocabulary for information processing established, published and revised by the American National Standards Institute. The Sub-Committee
23、 also considered various international documents or drafts issued by ISO Technical Committee 97 and its Sub-Committees and other international organizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union) and national drafts or Standards. The definitions have been drawn up with the objective of
24、achieving a proper balance between precision and simplicity. The main objective of this Vocabulary is to provide definitions that tan be understood to have the same meaning by all concerned. lt may thus be felt that some definitions are not sufficiently precise, do not include all cases, do not take
25、 into account certain exceptions, or are in conflict with established uses in particular fields of application. In addition, the Vocabulary consists of several sections prepared over a long period of time and it may be that the preparation of the later sections introduces inconsistencies with the ea
26、rlier ones. These imperfections will be eliminated as far as possible in later editions. This procedure allows for immediate publication of needed sections and permits an element of flexibility in the preparation of a comprehensive vocabulary in view of the dynamics of Ianguage. * North Holland Publ
27、ishing Company - AMSTERDAM 1966. iv Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Le traitement de linformation donne lieu 2 de trks nombreux khanges internationaux dordre inte
28、llectuel ou matkriel, qui sont souvent rendus difficiles soit par Ba diversite des termes employk dans diffet-ents milieux ou dans differentes langues pour exprimer une meme notion, soit par Yabsence ou Iimprkision des dkfinitions des notions utiles. Pour eviter les malentendus ayant leur origine da
29、ns Ie vocabulaire et faciliter les khanges, il convient de prockder a un choix des termes a employer dans les differentes langues ou dans les differents pays pour designer Ia meme notion, et de rkdiger des dkfinitions assurant une equivalence pratiquement satisfaisante entre ces diffkrents termes. C
30、onformement aux directives recues par Ie sous-comite de IISQ Charge de Iktude du Vocabulaire, les travaux correspondants ont et6 essentiellement bases sur Iusage codifik dans Ie Vocabulary of information processing”, ktabli et publik par 11 nternational Federation for Information Processing et Ie Ce
31、ntre international de calcul, et dans Ie USA Standard vocabulary for information processing, etabli, publik et r6vis6 par IAmerican National Standards Institute. Le sous-comite sest appuyk, en outre, sur diffkents documents ou projets internationaux issus du comitk technique 97 de IISO et de ses sou
32、s-comitks ou dautres organisations internationales (telles que Wnion internationale des t it is usually the output of a linkage editor. 10.02.12 linkage editor linker A Computer program used to create one load module from one or more independently translated * Object modules or load modules by resol
33、ving Cross-references among the Object modules, and possibly by relocating elements. 10.02.33 storage image core image The representation of a Computer program and its related data as they exist at the time they reside in main storage. 10.02.04 repartiteu r Programme de Systeme dexploitation ou tout
34、e autre unit6 fonctionne/e dont Iobjet est de repartir. 10.02.05 ordonnancer planifier Selectionner des travaux ou des taChes en vue de leur allouer du temps de processeur. NOTE - Dans certains syst&mes dexploitation, Iordonnancement peut kgalement porter sur dautres uni& de travail comme les Opera
35、tions den trke-sortie. 10.02.06 execution de travail Action deffectuer un ou plusieurs travaux. 10.02.07 passage Action de derouler un ou plusieurs Programmes. 10.02.08 flux de travaux flot de travaux file de travaux Squence des representations des travaux ou des Parties de travail a effectuer, soum
36、ise a un Systeme dexploitation. 10.02.09 langage de commande Ensemble doperateurs de procedure regi par une syntaxe, servant a solliciter les fonctions dun Systeme dexploita- tion . 10.02.10 module resultant Element de Programme fourni en sortie ?ar un assembleur ou un compilateur, et pouvant etre r
37、epris en entrge par un 6diteur de liens. 10.02.11 module chargeable Element de Programme fourni en sortie, Ie plus souvent par un editeur de liens, sous une forme qui se prete au char- gement pour ex&ution. 10.02.12 editeur de liens Programme destine a produire un module chargeab/e a partir dun ou p
38、lusieurs modules r&ultants * traduits inde- pendamment, ou de modules chargeables, par Ietablissement de correspondances entre les references communes utilisees par les differents modules resultants, et eventuellement par translation delements. 10.02.13 image memoire Forme sous laquelle des Programm
39、es et les donndes asso- ciees se presentent au moment ou ils se trouvent en memoire principale. 5 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) 10.0214 co
40、ntrol area A storage area used by a computerprogram to hold control in forma Gon. 10.02.15 control program A Computer program designed to schedule and to supervise the execution of programs in a Computer System. 10.02.16 resident (adjective) Pertaining to Computer programs that remain on a particula
41、r storage device. 10.02.17 nucleus resident control Programme That part of a control program that is resident in main storage. 10.02.18 System generation sysgen (acronym) The process of selecting optional Parts of an operating System and of creating a particular operating System tailored to the requ
42、irements of a data processing installation. 10.03 QPERATING MODES 10.03.01 batch processing The processing of data or the accomplishment of jobs, accumulated in advance, in such a manner that the user cannot further influence its processing while it is in progress. 10.03.02 remote batch processing B
43、atch processing in which input-output units have access to a Computer through a data link. 10.03.03 conversational mode interactive mode time sharing (deprecated in this sense) A mode of Operation of a Computer System in which a sequence of alternating entries and responses between a user and the Sy
44、stem takes place in a manner similar to a dialogue between two persons. 10.02.14 zone de commande Zone de memoire utilisee par un Programme pour Ie range- ment dinformations de controle ou de commande. 10.02.15 Programme de commande Programme de controle Programme servant 5 ordonnancer et surveiller
45、 Iexecution des Programmes dans un ordinateur 10.02.16 resident (adjectif) rbsidant Se dit de Programmes qui sont a demeure dans une me- moire donnee. 10.02.17 noyau Programme de commande resident Programme de contrble resident Partie dun Programme de commande residant en memoire principale. 10.02.1
46、8 generation de Systeme Processus selon lequel on choisit les elements facultatifs dun Systeme dexploitation pour cr&%- un Systeme dexploi- tation particulier adapte aux besoins d”une installation de traitemen t de lin forma tion . 10.03 MODES DEXPLOITATION 10.03.01 traitement par lots Traitement de
47、 donnees ou realisation de travaux dont les donnees et les descriptions ont et6 regroupees au prealable, et qui sont effectuees dans des conditions telles que Iutili- sateur ne puisse plus agir sur les traitements en cours. 10.03.02 traitement par lots a distance Praitement par lots dans lequel des
48、organes dentree-sortie ont acc& 5 un ordinateur par une liaison de donnees. 10.03.03 mode dialogue Mode dexploitation dun ordinateur dans lequel une Suite de demandes et de reponses alternees entre un utilisateur et lordinateur se deroule dune maniere semblable a un dialogue entre deux personnes. Co
49、pyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) 10.03.04 real time (adjective) Pertaining to the processing of data by a Computer in connection with another process outside the Computer according to time requirements imposed by the outside process. NOTE - The term “real time”
