1、Reference numberISO/IEC 13818-4:1998(E)B CINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC13818-4First edition1998-12-01Information technology Generic codingof moving pictures and associated audioinformation Part 4:Conformance testingTechnologies de linformation Codage gnrique des images animeset des informations sonor
2、es associes Partie 4: Essais de conformitAdopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 4/4/01Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by In
3、formation Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Counc
4、il(ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United
5、 States of AmericaISO/IEC 13818-4:1998(E) ISO/IEC 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publishe
6、r.ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 SwitzerlandPrinted in SwitzerlandiiContentsForeword . ivIntroduction v1 General 11.1 Scope . 11.2 Normative references. 12 Technical elements . 22.1 Definitions. 22.2 Abbreviations and symbols . 122.2.1 Arithmetic operators 132.2.2 Logical
7、operators . 132.2.3 Relational operators. 132.2.4 Bitwise operators 142.2.5 Assignment 142.2.6 Mnemonics 142.2.7 Constants 152.3 Systems 162.3.1 System bitstream characteristics 162.3.1.1 General system bitstream characteristics. 162.3.1.2 Transport Stream specific characteristics 162.3.1.3 Program
8、Stream specific characteristics 162.3.2 System bitstream tests 172.3.2.1 Tests of Transport Streams . 172.3.2.2 Tests of Program Streams . 292.3.2.3 Tests of timing accuracy 322.3.2.4 Buffer overflow/underflow tests for Transport Streams 342.3.3 General system decoder capabilities. 352.3.3.1 Handlin
9、g of decoder discontinuities . 352.3.3.2 Presentation timing 362.3.3.3 Presentation synchronisation 362.3.3.4 Support of variable bitrate within a program . 362.3.3.5 General capabilities for program acquisition 372.3.3.6 Private data handling 372.3.3.7 Support of trick modes 372.3.3.8 Systems decod
10、er requirements for forward compatibility . 382.3.4 Procedures to test system decoder conformance . 382.4 Video . 392.4.1 Definition of video bitstream compliance. 392.4.1.1 Requirements and restrictions related to profile-and-level 392.4.1.2 Additional restrictions on bitstream applied by the encod
11、er . 402.4.1.3 Encoder requirements and recommendations . 402.4.2 Procedure for testing bitstream compliance 402.4.3 Definition of video decoder compliance 412.4.3.1 Requirement on arithmetic accuracy (without IDCT) 422.4.3.2 Requirement on arithmetic accuracy (with IDCT) . 422.4.3.3 Requirement on
12、output of the decoding process and timing 422.4.3.4 Requirement for compatibility with ISO/IEC 11172-2 (MPEG-1 video) 432.4.3.5 Requirements for compatibility between various profile-and-level combinations . 432.4.3.6 Requirement for forward compatibility of future extensions. 432.4.3.7 Requirements
13、 related to zero byte stuffing, user data and reserved extensions. 432.4.3.8 Recommendations 442.4.4 Procedure to test decoder compliance 442.4.4.1 Static tests . 44 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998(E)iii2.4.4.2 Dynamic tests 442.4.4.3 Specification of the test bitstreams442.4.4.4 Implementation of the
14、static test .502.4.4.5 Implementation of the dynamic test512.4.4.6 Decoder conformance.512.4.5 Conformance of scalable bitstreams and decoders532.4.5.1 Definition of scalable video bitstream hierarchy compliance .532.4.5.2 Procedure for testing bitstream compliance.542.4.5.3 Definition of video deco
15、der compliance542.4.5.4 Procedure to test decoder compliance 542.5 Audio .552.5.1 Audio bitstreams.552.5.1.1 Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 audio coding to lower sampling frequencies 552.5.1.2 Low bit rate coding of Multichannel Audio .552.5.2 Audio bitstream tests562.5.2.1 Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-
16、3 audio coding to lower sampling frequencies 562.5.2.2 Low bit rate coding of Multichannel Audio .572.5.3 Audio decoder characteristics .592.5.3.1 Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 audio coding to lower sampling frequencies 592.5.3.2 Low bit rate coding of Multichannel Audio .592.5.4 Audio decoder tests.
17、612.5.4.1 Calculation for RMS 622.5.4.2 Descriptions of the audio test bitstreams62Annex A (informative) Systems test bitstreams67Annex B (informative) Systems decoder characteristics beyond conformance .68B.1 Number of PIDs that can be processed.68B.2 Error handling68B.3 Program acquisition .68B.4
18、Input processing capabilities .69B.5 Presentation Timing .69Annex C (informative) Video test bitstreams .70Annex D (informative) Audio test bitstreams.71Annex E (informative) Patent statements .72Bibliography .74ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998(E) ISO/IECivForewordISO (the International Organization for Standar
19、dization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form thespecialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in thedevelopment of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization
20、to deal withparticular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Otherinternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.In the field of information technology, ISO and
21、 IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. DraftInternational Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Inter
22、national Standard ISO/IEC 13818-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.ISO/IEC 13818 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Generic
23、coding of movingpictures and associated audio information: Part 1: Systems Part 2: Video Part 3: Audio Part 4: Conformance testing Part 5: Software simulation Part 6: Extensions for DSM-CC Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Part 9: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders Part 10: Con
24、formance extensions for Digital Storage Media Command and Control (DSM-CC)The electronic file directory “bitstreams” forms an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 13818.Annexes A to E of this part of ISO/IEC 13818 are for information only. ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998(E)vIntroductionParts 1, 2 and
25、3 of ISO/IEC 13818 specify a multiplex structure and coded representations of audio-visual information. Parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818 allow for large flexibility, achieving suitability of ISO/IEC 13818 for many different applications.The flexibility is obtained by including parameters in the bits
26、tream that define the characteristics of coded bitstreams.Examples are the audio sampling frequency, picture size, picture rate and bitrate parameters.This part of ISO/IEC 13818 specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet therequirements as specified in parts 1
27、, 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. These tests can be used for various purposes such as: manufacturers of encoders, and their customers, can use the tests to verify whether the encoder produces validbitstreams. manufacturers of decoders and their customers can use the tests to verify whether the decoder me
28、ets the requirementsspecified in parts 1, 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818 for the claimed decoder capabilities.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998(E)1Information technology Generic coding of movingpictures and associated audio information Part 4:Conformance testing1 General1.1 ScopeThis par
29、t of ISO/IEC 13818 specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet requirementsspecified in parts 1, 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. In this part of ISO/IEC 13818, encoders are not addressed specifically. Anencoder may be said to be an ISO/IEC 13818 encoder if it generat
30、es bitstreams compliant with the syntactic and semanticbitstream requirements specified in parts 1, 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818.Characteristics of coded bitstreams and decoders are defined for parts 1, 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. The characteristics of abitstream define the subset of the standard that is
31、 exploited in the bitstream. Examples are the applied values or range of thepicture size and bitrate parameters. Decoder characteristics define the properties and capabilities of the applied decodingprocess. An example of a property is the applied arithmetic accuracy. The capabilities of a decoder s
32、pecify which codedbitstreams the decoder can decode and reconstruct, by defining the subset of the standard that may be exploited in decodablebitstreams. A bitstream can be decoded by a decoder if the characteristics of the coded bitstream are within the subset of thestandard specified by the decode
33、r capabilities.Procedures are described for testing conformance of bitstreams and decoders to the requirements defined in parts 1, 2 and 3 ofISO/IEC 13818. Given the set of characteristics claimed, the requirements that must be met are fully determined by parts 1, 2and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. This part
34、of ISO/IEC 13818 summarises the requirements, cross references them to characteristics,and defines how conformance with them can be tested. Guidelines are given on constructing tests to verify bitstream anddecoder conformance. This document gives guidelines on how to construct bitstream test suites
35、to check or verify decoderconformance. In addition, some test bitstreams implemented according to those guidelines are provided in the electronic filedirectory called “Test bitstreams”.1.2 Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitut
36、e provisions of this part ofISO/IEC 13818. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and partiesto agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 13818 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recenteditions of the stand
37、ards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid InternationalStandards.ISO 639:1988, Code for the representation of names of languages.ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998, Information technology 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets Part 1: Latinalphabet No. 1.ISO/IEC 109
38、18-1:1994, Information technology Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images:Requirements and guidelines. (See also ITU-T Rec. T.81.)ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993, Information technology Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digitalstorage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s Part
39、 1: Systems.ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993, Information technology Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digitalstorage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s Part 2: Video.ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, Information technology Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digitalstorage media at up to about
40、 1,5 Mbit/s Part 3: Audio.ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998(E) ISO/IEC2ISO/IEC 11172-4:1995, Information technology Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digitalstorage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s Part 4: Conformance testing.ISO/IEC 13818-1:1996, Information technology Generic coding of moving p
41、ictures and associated audioinformation: Systems.ISO/IEC 13818-2:1996, Information technology Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audioinformation: Video.ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998, Information technology Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audioinformation Part 3: Audio.Recommen
42、dations and reports of the CCIR, 1990.XVIIth Plenary Assembly, Dusseldorf, 1990 Volume XI - Part 1.Broadcasting Service (Television) Rec. 601-2, Encoding parameters of digital television for studios.CCIR Volume X and XI Part 3 Recommendation 648: Recording of audio signals.CCIR Volume X and XI Part
43、3 Report 955-2: Sound broadcasting by satellite for portable and mobile receivers,including Annex IV Summary description of advanced digital system II.IEEE Standard Specifications for the Implementations of 8 by 8 Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform, IEEE Std 1180-1990, December 6, 1990.IEC 461:1986,
44、Time and control code for video tape recorders.IEC 908:198, Compact disk digital audio system.ITU-T Recommendation H.261 (Formerly CCITT Recommendation H.261) “Codec for audiovisual services at px64kbit/s” Geneva, 1990.2 Technical elements2.1 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 13818
45、, the following definitions apply.2.1.1 16x8 prediction video: A prediction mode similar to field-based prediction but where the predicted block size is16x8 luminance samples.2.1.2 AC coefficient video: Any DCT coefficient for which the frequency in one or both dimensions is non-zero.2.1.3 access un
46、it systems: A coded representation of a presentation unit. In the case of audio, an access unit is the codedrepresentation of an audio frame.In the case of video, an access unit includes all the coded data for a picture, and any stuffing that follows it, up to but notincluding the start of the next
47、access unit. If a picture is not preceded by a group_start_code or a sequence_header_code, theaccess unit begins with the picture start code. If a picture is preceded by a group_start_code and/or a sequence_header_code,the access unit begins with the first byte of the first of these start codes. If
48、it is the last picture preceding asequence_end_code in the bitstream all bytes between the last byte of the coded picture and the sequence_end_code(including the sequence_end_code) belong to the access unit.2.1.4 adaptive bit allocation audio: The assignment of bits to subbands in a time and frequen
49、cy varying fashionaccording to a psychoacoustic model.2.1.5 adaptive multichannel prediction audio: A method of multichannel data reduction exploiting statistical inter-channel dependencies.2.1.6 adaptive noise allocation audio: The assignment of coding noise to frequency bands in a time and frequencyvarying fashion according to a psychoacoustic model.2.1.7 adaptive segmentation audio: A subdivision of the digital representation of an audio signal in variable segments oftime.2.1.8 alias audio: Mirrored
