1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI/NEMA FI 3-2004Calendered Aramid Papers Used for Electrical Insulation Approved as an American National Standard ANSI Approval Date: May 10, 2004 NEMA Standard Publication FI 3-2004 Calendered Aramid Papers Used for Electrica
2、l Insulation Published by: National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street Rosslyn, VA 22209 www.nema.org Copyright 2004 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention
3、, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of th
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5、ntained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to p
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10、someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publicat
11、ion may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect produc
12、ts, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. FI 3-2004 Page
13、i Copyright 2004 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. CONTENTS Page Foreword . ii Section 1 GENERAL 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definition of Aramid Paper 1 1.3 References . 1 1.3.1 Mandatory Standard . 1 Section 2 TOLERANCES 2.1 Tolerances on Thickness of Aramid Papers 3 2.2 Tolerance on Width
14、 of Aramid Paper Tapes 3 2.3 Tolerances for Dimensions of Narrow Aramid Paper Rolls. 3 2.4 Tolerances for Dimensions of Wide Aramid Paper Rolls 3 2.5 Tolerances for Dimensions of Aramid Paper Sheets 3 Section 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ARAMID PAPERS 3.1 Definitions of Defects 4 3.1.1 Defects Causing Reduce
15、d Insulation Strength 4 3.1.2 Holes . 4 3.1.3 Fractures . 4 3.1.4 Solid Tactile Defects . 4 3.1.5 Hollow Tactile Defects (Blisters) 4 3.1.6 Stains and Discolorations .4 3.1.7 Splices . 5 3.2 Sampling for Testing. 5 3.2.1 Samples from Rolls 5 3.3 Method of Calculation . 5 Section 4 METHODS OF MEASURE
16、MENT 4.1 Methods of Measuring Thickness 6 4.1.1 Sheets . 6 4.1.2 Tapes . 6 4.2 Methods of Measuring Electric Strength 6 4.2.1 Sheets and Tapes . 6 4.3 Method of Determining Moisture Content 6 4.3.1 Purpose 6 4.3.2 Apparatus. 7 4.3.3 Test Specimen. 7 4.3.4 Procedure 7 4.3.5 Report 7 4.4 Method of Tes
17、ting Tensile Properties 7 4.4.1 Conditioning. 7 4.4.2 Sampling 7 4.4.3 Reporting 7 Section 5 TYPES OF ARAMID PAPER. 8 Section 6 SPECIFICATIONS BY TYPE AND THICKNESS . 9 Section 7 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES-TYPE TESTS 11 FI 3-2004 Page ii Copyright 2004 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association
18、. Foreword This publication is a new standard for calendered aramid papers used for electrical insulation. Standard industry test methods are referenced herein, and the latest version of the appropriate standard should always be used. This standard may not meet all industry needs and suggestions and
19、 comments for future revisions are appreciated. This document provides technical guidance similar to other NEMA standards and establishes minimum properties in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or other commonly accepted tests. Users and other interested parties are i
20、nvited to comment on this standard and suggest changes where they feel it does not meet their needs. Specifications on properties and characteristics not covered herein should be negotiated between buyer and seller, and test methods cited in this document may be used as the basis for those negotiati
21、ons. Metric tables for each of the constructions are included in this document. Where applicable, English units are accompanied by SI equivalents. This Standards Publication was developed by the Flexible Insulation and Mica Section. Section approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that al
22、l section members voted for its approval or participated in its development. At the time it was approved, the Section was composed of the following members: Bedford Materials Corp.Bedford, PA Dennison Manufacturing CompanyFramingham, MA EHVWeidmann Industries, Inc.St. Johnsbury, VT E. I. DuPont de N
23、emours and Company, NOMEX ProductsWilmington, DE Essex Group, Inc. Macallen MicaNewmarket, NH Essex Group, Inc., U.S. SamicaRutland, VT Kirkwood Industries, Midwest Mica and InsulationCleveland, OH Lydall, Inc., Manning Nonwovens DivisionTroy, NY Innovative Paper Technologies, LLCTilton, NH VonRoll
24、Isola/Insulating Materials, Inc.Schenectady, NY The Flexible Insulation and Mica Section of NEMA reviews these standards periodically for revisions necessary to keep them up to date. Proposed revisions or comments should be submitted to: Vice President, Technical Services Department National Electri
25、cal Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, VA 22209 FI 3-2004 Page 1 Copyright 2004 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Section 1 GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE This Standards Publication is applicable to qualification and testing of calendered aramid papers in th
26、icknesses up to 30 mils (0.76 mm) for use as electrical insulation. Methods and properties applicable to aramid pressboards, uncalendered aramid papers, and papers made of blends of aramid with other materials are substantially different and are not considered in this standard. Blends of aramid and
27、mica are covered in NEMA Standard FI-1. For U.S. Government procurement purposes, this standard replaces Military Standard MIL-I-24204A. 1.2 DEFINITION OF ARAMID PAPER As defined in the U.S. Federal Register (Volume 38, No. 237, December 11, 1973), an aramid is “a long-chain synthetic polyamide in w
28、hich at least 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.” Aramid polymers can be processed into various forms, including resin, fiber, film, paper, or pressboard, but this standard applies only to a non-woven sheet made of 100% meta-aramid fibers, formed on wet-process pa
29、per machines, and calendered between rolls at high temperatures and pressures. Aramid paper covered by this standard is manufactured from a blend of two forms of fiber: (1) floc, which is short fiber cut from continuous filaments of drawn (stretched) aramid fiber, and (2) fibrids, which are microsco
30、pic particles of amorphous polymer. Up to 8% non-aramid additives are permitted, so long as such additives have a thermal capability at least equal to meta-aramid fiber. 1.3 REFERENCES 1.3.1 Mandatory Standard Aramid paper products submitted for qualification under this NEMA standard must have been
31、tested in accordance with the following standard and produced under contractual follow-up services of the issuer. Both mechanical and electrical properties must be “Recognized” for use at temperatures up to 220C. The following standard is, by reference, incorporated herein: UL Standard 746B, Polymer
32、ic MaterialsLong Term Property Evaluations Copies of the above standard may be purchased by contacting: Underwriters Laboratories 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL 60062 In this publication, reference is made to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Methods listed belo
33、w. The most recent revision should normally be used: ASTM D149 Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrica Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies ASTM D150 Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectri
34、c Constant.) of Solid Electrical Insulation ASTM D374 Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation ASTM D2275 Standard Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges (Corona) on the Surface FI 3-2004 Page 2 Copyright 2
35、004 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. ASTM D257 Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials ASTM D646 Standard Test Method for Grammage of Paper and Paperboard (Mass Per Unit Area) ASTM D1004 Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of P
36、lastic Film and Sheeting ASTM D3394 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board ASTM D2176 Standard Test Method for Folding Endurance of Paper by the M.I.T Tester ASTM D828 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elong
37、ation Apparatus ASTM D1830 Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Flexible Sheet Materials Used for Electrical Insulation by the Curved Electrode Method ASTM D3426 Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Using Impu
38、lse Waves Copies of the above standards may be purchased from: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 www.astm.org Other relevant standards include the following International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Documents: IEC 60216-1 E
39、lectrical Insulating MaterialsProperties of Thermal Endurance, Part 1: Ageing Procedures and Evaluation of Test Results IEC 819-3-3 Specification for Non-Cellulosic Papers for Electrical Purposes, Part 3: Specifications for Individual Materials, Sheet 3: Unfilled Aramid (Aromatic Polyamide) Papers C
40、opies of the above standards may be purchased from: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Central Office 3, rue de Varemb CH 1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland www.iec.ch FI 3-2004 Page 3 Copyright 2004 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Section 2 TOLERANCES 2.1 TOLERANCE ON THI
41、CKNESS OF ARAMID PAPERS The tolerances for the thickness of standard types and thicknesses of aramid papers are given in Section 7. 2.2 TOLERANCE ON WIDTH OF ARAMID PAPER TAPES The tolerance in the width of aramid paper tapes from 3/8 to 1 1/2 in. (9.5 to 38.1 mm) wide shall be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). 2.
42、3 TOLERANCES FOR DIMENSIONS OF NARROW ARAMID PAPER ROLLS The tolerance in the width of rolls of aramid paper from 1.5 in. to 18 in. wide (38.1 mm to 457 mm) shall be 1/4 in. (6.4 mm). 2.4 TOLERANCES FOR DIMENSIONS OF WIDE ARAMID PAPER ROLLS The tolerance in the width of rolls of aramid paper from 18
43、 in. to 72 in. wide (1828 mm) shall be 1/2 in. (12.7 mm). 2.5 TOLERANCES FOR DIMENSIONS OF ARAMID PAPER SHEETS The tolerances for the length and width of sheets shall be as follows: 2.5.1 In any dimension up to 18 in. (457 mm): 1/4 in. (6.4 mm). 2.5.2 In any dimension 18 in. (457 mm) or larger: 1/2
44、in. (12.7 mm). FI 3-2004 Page 4 Copyright 2004 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Section 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ARAMID PAPERS 3.1 DEFINITIONS OF DEFECTS Any non-uniformity which reduces the physical or electrical properties of the paper shall be considered a defect. Such defects are
45、 permitted only within the following standards: 3.1.1 Defects Causing Reduced Insulation Strength Defects which reduce the electrical insulating properties of the paper by more than 10% are permitted only when they are repaired by one piece of 1 mil (.025 mm) self-adhesive polyimide film tape no lar
46、ger than 2 in. by 2 in. (51 mm by 51 mm) in size. 3.1.2 Holes Holes larger than 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) are not allowed. Holes larger than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) are permitted only when they are repaired with self-adhesive polyimide film tape sufficient to assure unreduced electrical breakdown resistance in or
47、near the hole. Small, high-density translucent fiber particles may appear to be holes unless carefully examined. These do not reduce the performance of the sheet and are permitted. Detectable holes greater than or equal to 1/32 in. (0.79 mm) shall be repaired with polyimide tape. 3.1.3 Fractures A f
48、racture is defined as a break in the surface of the paper. Fractures larger than 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) are not permitted. Fractures larger than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) are permitted only when they are permanently repaired with self-adhesive polyimide film tape sufficient to assure unreduced electrical breakdo
49、wn resistance. Detectable fractures greater than or equal to 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) shall be repaired with polyimide tape. 3.1.4 Solid Tactile Defects Clumps of fibers and similar solid tactile defects over 2 in. (51 mm) in the longest dimension are not permitted. Such defects over 3/8 in. (9.5 mm), but less than 2 in. in the longest dimension, are permitted; discolored (brown or black) defects shall be permanently reinforced with self-adhesive polyimide film tape sufficient in strength and area to as
